4 research outputs found

    Diseño propuesta de implementación de un cuadro de mando integral como herramienta de control de gestión en una planta vitivinicola

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    176 p.El presente trabajo de memoria comprende el diseño y estructuración de un modelo de Cuadro de Mando Integral aplicado a las cuatro áreas principales de Viña San Pedro planta Lontué: Producción, Enología, Bodega de Producto Terminado y Bodega de Insumos. El proyecto nace por la necesidad de crear un sistema de control de gestión moderno y eficiente que pueda integrar los objetivos operativos a los objetivos estratégicos de la Corporación. Se inicia haciendo una reseña histórica de C.C.U. Chile definiendo sus principales unidades de negocio y su posición competitiva a nivel nacional e internacional. Seguido de una descripción de Viña San Pedro como unidad estratégica de negocio. Para ello se estudian en forma acabada los procesos de flujo físico que permiten tener una visión global de las actividades de cada área operativa. Luego se definen aspectos teóricos como el concepto de sistema de control de gestión y aspectos teóricos de la metodología del Cuadro de Mando Integral. La primera fase del estudio señala la visión, misión y estrategias corporativas que marcan la pauta del trabajo a nivel operativo. Se hace un análisis F.O.D.A. para identificar los puntos claves, candidatos a ser evaluados y controlados por los Cuadro de Mando, se procede a identificar los objetivos estratégicos y la relación de causalidad existente finalizando con la definición de indicadores para cada objetivo. La segunda fase es de diseño y coordinación, con el aporte de los encargados de cada área se consiguen identificar los factores claves y los índices para cada perspectiva. La tercera fase, relacionada con la implementación, fue desarrollada con la subgerencia y los jefes de área aquí se definieron responsables, metas y rangos de tiempo en la medición. Finalmente, el departamento de Control de Gestión propone métodos para consolidar la información y plantea modos de comunicación y presentación de los resultados. El resultado, cuadros de mando bien estructurados con objetivos claros e índices fáciles de medir. Terminado el estudio se obtiene un sistema de control de gestión a escala operacional que se identifica con el Cuadro de Mando de nivel corporativo y que permite operar en forma eficiente. Se concluye que el desarrollo de una metodología de Cuadro de Mando Integral encadenado a las áreas claves permite enfocar todos los esfuerzos a un mismo fin que es la misión corporativa. En resumen se cumplen los objetivos del estudio

    Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

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    OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease

    NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

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    Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data
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