Comparative fluid inclusion studies of the San Martín skarn (Mexico) and the epithermal Comstock Lode (USA) and Pachuca-Real del Monte (Mexico) deposits

San Martín (Mexico), Pachuca-Real del Monte (México) y Comstock Lode (USA) son depósitos de metales base y plata emplazados en rocas volcanosedimentarias del cretáceo y Terciario. El primero es un depósito del tipo skarn mientras que el segundo y tercero son del tipo epitermal. Un estudio de inclusiones fluidas en cuarzo, esfalerita y fluorita fue desarrollado para caracterizar las soluciones mineralizantes las cuales presentan diferentes composiciones y temperaturas. Las temperaturas de homogenización y salinidad de los fluidos presentes en las muestras de cuarzo y fluorita de San Martín varían entre 300 y 320 °C y 5.0 y 40 % eq. peso NaCl con base en la Tmice and TNaCl. La Halita como mineral hijo es frecuente en las muestras de cuarzo y fluorita. Sinembargo, en los otros distritos los valores en esfalerita (Pachuca-Real) y cuarzo (Comstock) son relativamente mas bajos: 265 °C y 3.4 % eq. peso NaCl y 251 °C y 0.3 % eq. peso NaCl respectivamente. Mediciones de un cristal de cuarzo zonado evidencian una evolución de los fluidos durante las fases de mineralización en Comstock Lode. En este fueron observadas temperaturas y salinidades de 249 °C y 0.6 % eq peso NaCl en el núcleo y 245 °C y 0.1 % eq wt. NaCl hacia el borde. La salinidad y temperatura de los fluidos hidrotermales parece ser factores importantes que influyen en la precipitación mineral. En general estos depositos se caracterizan por temperaturas <350 °C y salinidades entre 0.0 to 40 % en. peso de NaCl. Las presiones y profundidades estimadas varían entre 41 y 103 bars y los 472 y 1400 metros.The San Martin (Mexico), Pachuca-Real del Monte (Mexico) and Comstock Lode (USA) are base-metal and silver deposits within Cretaceous to Tertiary volcano-sedimentary host rocks. The first is a skarn type deposit whilst the second and third are epithermal vein-type deposits. A fluid inclusion study of quartz, sphalerite and fluorite was undertaken to characterize mineralizing solutions which have different compositions and temperatures. Microthermometric measurements were made based on the recognition of changes of twophase liquid-rich, two-phase vapor-rich and multiphase (NaCl) inclusions during heating and freezing experiments. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite from San Martin range from 300 to 320 °C and 5.0 to 40 eq. wt. % NaCl based on Tmice and TNaCl. Halite as a daughter mineral is often present in quartz and fluorite. However in the other districts, the Th and salinity values in sphalerite (Pachuca-Real) and quartz (Comstock) are lower: 265 °C and 3.4 % eq. wt. NaCl and 251 °C and 0.3 eq. wt. % NaCl respectively. Data from a single zoned quartz crystal provides evidence of fluid evolution at the Comstock Lode. Temperatures and salinities observed were 249 °C and 0.6 eq wt % NaCl at the core and 245 °C and 0.1 eq wt % NaCl at the rim. The salinity and temperature of the hydrothermal brines seems to be an important factor in explaining the precipitation of the ore minerals. These deposits are characterized by temperatures <350 °C and salinities from 0.2 to 4.93 wt % eq. NaCl. Estimated pressures and depths range from 41 to 103 bars and 472 to 1394 meters

Comparative fluid inclusion studies of the San Martín skarn (Mexico) and the epithermal Comstock Lode (USA) and Pachuca-Real del Monte (Mexico) deposits

San Martín (Mexico), Pachuca-Real del Monte (México) y Comstock Lode (USA) son depósitos de metales base y plata emplazados en rocas volcanosedimentarias del cretáceo y Terciario. El primero es un depósito del tipo skarn mientras que el segundo y tercero son del tipo epitermal. Un estudio de inclusiones fluidas en cuarzo, esfalerita y fluorita fue desarrollado para caracterizar las soluciones mineralizantes las cuales presentan diferentes composiciones y temperaturas. Las temperaturas de homogenización y salinidad de los fluidos presentes en las muestras de cuarzo y fluorita de San Martín varían entre 300 y 320 °C y 5.0 y 40 % eq. peso NaCl con base en la Tmice and TNaCl. La Halita como mineral hijo es frecuente en las muestras de cuarzo y fluorita. Sinembargo, en los otros distritos los valores en esfalerita (Pachuca-Real) y cuarzo (Comstock) son relativamente mas bajos: 265 °C y 3.4 % eq. peso NaCl y 251 °C y 0.3 % eq. peso NaCl respectivamente. Mediciones de un cristal de cuarzo zonado evidencian una evolución de los fluidos durante las fases de mineralización en Comstock Lode. En este fueron observadas temperaturas y salinidades de 249 °C y 0.6 % eq peso NaCl en el núcleo y 245 °C y 0.1 % eq wt. NaCl hacia el borde. La salinidad y temperatura de los fluidos hidrotermales parece ser factores importantes que influyen en la precipitación mineral. En general estos depositos se caracterizan por temperaturas <350 °C y salinidades entre 0.0 to 40 % en. peso de NaCl. Las presiones y profundidades estimadas varían entre 41 y 103 bars y los 472 y 1400 metros.The San Martin (Mexico), Pachuca-Real del Monte (Mexico) and Comstock Lode (USA) are base-metal and silver deposits within Cretaceous to Tertiary volcano-sedimentary host rocks. The first is a skarn type deposit whilst the second and third are epithermal vein-type deposits. A fluid inclusion study of quartz, sphalerite and fluorite was undertaken to characterize mineralizing solutions which have different compositions and temperatures. Microthermometric measurements were made based on the recognition of changes of twophase liquid-rich, two-phase vapor-rich and multiphase (NaCl) inclusions during heating and freezing experiments. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite from San Martin range from 300 to 320 °C and 5.0 to 40 eq. wt. % NaCl based on Tmice and TNaCl. Halite as a daughter mineral is often present in quartz and fluorite. However in the other districts, the Th and salinity values in sphalerite (Pachuca-Real) and quartz (Comstock) are lower: 265 °C and 3.4 % eq. wt. NaCl and 251 °C and 0.3 eq. wt. % NaCl respectively. Data from a single zoned quartz crystal provides evidence of fluid evolution at the Comstock Lode. Temperatures and salinities observed were 249 °C and 0.6 eq wt % NaCl at the core and 245 °C and 0.1 eq wt % NaCl at the rim. The salinity and temperature of the hydrothermal brines seems to be an important factor in explaining the precipitation of the ore minerals. These deposits are characterized by temperatures <350 °C and salinities from 0.2 to 4.93 wt % eq. NaCl. Estimated pressures and depths range from 41 to 103 bars and 472 to 1394 meters

VOLUMEN 25, NÚMERO 40 (2003)

TERMOCRONOLOGÍA K-Ar EN ILLITAS: ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.CINÉTICA DE LA NUCLEACIÓN Y EL CRECIMIENTO DEL GRANATE EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C., Gélvez Llanes, J., Márquez Romero, R. y Castellanos Alarcón, O.INTRODUCCIÓN A LA GEOLOGÍA DEL SECTOR VÉLEZ–BOLÍVAR–GUAVATÁ (DPTO. DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA) Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA EXPLORACIÓN DE DEPÓSITOSHIDROTERMALES. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Cruz G. L. E.; Colegial G. J. D.RECOGNITION OF ANCIENT SHOREFACE DEPOSITS. FACIES, FACIES SUCESSIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CRETACEOUS GALLUP CLASTIC WEDGE, NEW MÉXICO. Álvarez Bastos, MNUEVAS EVIDENCIAS ACERCA DE LA PRESENCIA DE UNA BANDA DE CIZALLAMIENTO EN LA SECUENCIA METAPELÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (REGION SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Gélvez Llanes, J. R.; Márquez Romero, R. E.; Ordóñez Calderón, J. C.; Cepeda Espitia, S.LOS DELIRIOS: UN YACIMIENTO HIDROTERMAL DE ORO Y PLATA EN LA REGIÓN DE VETAS, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA). García Ramírez, C. A., Uribe Portilla, E.MINERALOGÍA, GEOQUÍMICA Y ALGUNOS ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS DE LA MINA EL DIAMANTE - NARIÑO (COLOMBIA). Molano, J.C. and Shimazaki, H.COMPARATIVE FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF THE SAN MARTÍN SKARN (MÉXICO) AND THE EPITHERMAL COMSTOCK LODE (USA) AND PACHUCA-REAL DEL MONTE (MÉXICO) DEPOSITS. Campos Álvarez, N. O

VOLUMEN 25, NÚMERO 40 (2003)

TERMOCRONOLOGÍA K-Ar EN ILLITAS: ASPECTOS METODOLÓGICOS. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.CINÉTICA DE LA NUCLEACIÓN Y EL CRECIMIENTO DEL GRANATE EN LAS ROCAS METAPELÍTICAS DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, REGIÓN SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER. Ríos Reyes, C., Gélvez Llanes, J., Márquez Romero, R. y Castellanos Alarcón, O.INTRODUCCIÓN A LA GEOLOGÍA DEL SECTOR VÉLEZ–BOLÍVAR–GUAVATÁ (DPTO. DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA) Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA EXPLORACIÓN DE DEPÓSITOSHIDROTERMALES. Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Cruz G. L. E.; Colegial G. J. D.RECOGNITION OF ANCIENT SHOREFACE DEPOSITS. FACIES, FACIES SUCESSIONS, AND ASSOCIATIONS. AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CRETACEOUS GALLUP CLASTIC WEDGE, NEW MÉXICO. Álvarez Bastos, MNUEVAS EVIDENCIAS ACERCA DE LA PRESENCIA DE UNA BANDA DE CIZALLAMIENTO EN LA SECUENCIA METAPELÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN SILGARÁ, SECTOR ARATOCA-PESCADERO (REGION SUROCCIDENTAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER). Mantilla Figueroa, L. C.; Ríos Reyes, C. A.; Gélvez Llanes, J. R.; Márquez Romero, R. E.; Ordóñez Calderón, J. C.; Cepeda Espitia, S.LOS DELIRIOS: UN YACIMIENTO HIDROTERMAL DE ORO Y PLATA EN LA REGIÓN DE VETAS, SANTANDER (COLOMBIA). García Ramírez, C. A., Uribe Portilla, E.MINERALOGÍA, GEOQUÍMICA Y ALGUNOS ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS DE LA MINA EL DIAMANTE - NARIÑO (COLOMBIA). Molano, J.C. and Shimazaki, H.COMPARATIVE FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES OF THE SAN MARTÍN SKARN (MÉXICO) AND THE EPITHERMAL COMSTOCK LODE (USA) AND PACHUCA-REAL DEL MONTE (MÉXICO) DEPOSITS. Campos Álvarez, N. O

VOLUMEN 22, NÚMERO 37 (2000)

ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES MORFOMÉTRICAS DE toxaster roulini agassiz (Echinoides: toxasteriidae) DE LA FORMACIÓN ROSA BLANCA, MUNICIPIO DE ZAPATOCA (SANTANDER, COLOMBIA). Cruz Guevara, L. E.; Jerez Jaimes, J. H., Narváez Parra, E. X.; Franco Blanco, R. A.COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y MINERALOGÍA DE LAS BIOTITAS METAMÓRFICAS DEL SECTOR CENTRAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA. García Ramírez, C. A.; Campos Álvarez, N. O.BRECHAS DE ATRICIÓN Y MINERALIZACIONES AURÍFERAS EN LAS MINAS DE MIRAFLORES (QUINCHÍA, RISARALDA) Y SU RELACIÓN CON UN CUERPO TIPO “BRECHA - PIPE”. Carrillo Lombana, V. M.CRITERIOS PARA LA CLASIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE MOVIMIENTOS EN MASA. Vargas Cuervo, G.ANOMALÍAS GEOBOTÁNICAS ESPECTRALES ASOCIADAS CON LOS CAMBIOS EN LITOLOGÍA: SU USO PARA LA CARTOGRAFÍA GEOLÓGICA DE ROCAS ULTRABÁSICAS, EN TERRENOS TOTALMENTE VEGETADOS DE LA COSTA PACÍFICA COLOMBIANA. Villegas, V. H

VOLUMEN 22, NÚMERO 37 (2000)

ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES MORFOMÉTRICAS DE toxaster roulini agassiz (Echinoides: toxasteriidae) DE LA FORMACIÓN ROSA BLANCA, MUNICIPIO DE ZAPATOCA (SANTANDER, COLOMBIA). Cruz Guevara, L. E.; Jerez Jaimes, J. H., Narváez Parra, E. X.; Franco Blanco, R. A.COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y MINERALOGÍA DE LAS BIOTITAS METAMÓRFICAS DEL SECTOR CENTRAL DEL MACIZO DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA. García Ramírez, C. A.; Campos Álvarez, N. O.BRECHAS DE ATRICIÓN Y MINERALIZACIONES AURÍFERAS EN LAS MINAS DE MIRAFLORES (QUINCHÍA, RISARALDA) Y SU RELACIÓN CON UN CUERPO TIPO “BRECHA - PIPE”. Carrillo Lombana, V. M.CRITERIOS PARA LA CLASIFICACIÓN Y DESCRIPCIÓN DE MOVIMIENTOS EN MASA. Vargas Cuervo, G.ANOMALÍAS GEOBOTÁNICAS ESPECTRALES ASOCIADAS CON LOS CAMBIOS EN LITOLOGÍA: SU USO PARA LA CARTOGRAFÍA GEOLÓGICA DE ROCAS ULTRABÁSICAS, EN TERRENOS TOTALMENTE VEGETADOS DE LA COSTA PACÍFICA COLOMBIANA. Villegas, V. H

Influence of the Temperature and the Genotype of the HSP90AA1 Gene over Sperm Chromatin Stability in Manchega Rams

The present study addresses the effect of heat stress on males' reproduction ability. For that, we have evaluated the sperm DNA fragmentation (DFI) by SCSA of ejaculates incubated at 37°C during 0, 24 and 48 hours after its collection, as a way to mimic the temperature circumstances to which spermatozoa will be subject to in the ewe uterus. The effects of temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) from day 60 prior collection to the date of semen collection on DFI were examined. To better understand the causes determining the sensitivity of spermatozoa to heat, this study was conducted in 60 males with alternative genotypes for the SNP G/C−660 of the HSP90AA1 promoter, which encode for the Hsp90α protein. The Hsp90α protein predominates in the brain and testis, and its role in spermatogenesis has been described in several species. Ridge regression analyses showed that days 29 to 35 and 7 to 14 before sperm collection (bsc) were the most critical regarding the effect of heat stress over DFI values. Mixed model analyses revealed that DFI increases over a threshold of 30°C for maximum temperature and 22 for THI at days 29 to 35 and 7 to 14 bsc only in animals carrying the GG−660 genotype. The period 29–35 bsc coincide with the meiosis I process for which the effect of the Hsp90α has been described in mice. The period 7–14 bsc may correspond with later stages of the meiosis II and early stages of epididymal maturation in which the replacement of histones by protamines occurs. Because of GG−660 genotype has been associated to lower levels of HSP90AA1 expression, suboptimal amounts of HSP90AA1 mRNA in GG−660 animals under heat stress conditions make spermatozoa DNA more susceptible to be fragmented. Thus, selecting against the GG−660 genotype could decrease the DNA fragmentation and spermatozoa thermal susceptibility in the heat season, and its putative subsequent fertility gainsPublishe

EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) : Study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial

More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369

Gaia Focused Product Release: Radial velocity time series of long-period variables

The third Gaia Data Release (DR3) provided photometric time series of more than 2 million long-period variable (LPV) candidates. Anticipating the publication of full radial-velocity (RV) in DR4, this Focused Product Release (FPR) provides RV time series for a selection of LPVs with high-quality observations. We describe the production and content of the Gaia catalog of LPV RV time series, and the methods used to compute variability parameters published in the Gaia FPR. Starting from the DR3 LPVs catalog, we applied filters to construct a sample of sources with high-quality RV measurements. We modeled their RV and photometric time series to derive their periods and amplitudes, and further refined the sample by requiring compatibility between the RV period and at least one of the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, or $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric periods. The catalog includes RV time series and variability parameters for 9\,614 sources in the magnitude range $6\lesssim G/{\rm mag}\lesssim 14$, including a flagged top-quality subsample of 6\,093 stars whose RV periods are fully compatible with the values derived from the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, and $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric time series. The RV time series contain a mean of 24 measurements per source taken unevenly over a duration of about three years. We identify the great most sources (88%) as genuine LPVs, with about half of them showing a pulsation period and the other half displaying a long secondary period. The remaining 12% consists of candidate ellipsoidal binaries. Quality checks against RVs available in the literature show excellent agreement. We provide illustrative examples and cautionary remarks. The publication of RV time series for almost 10\,000 LPVs constitutes, by far, the largest such database available to date in the literature. The availability of simultaneous photometric measurements gives a unique added value to the Gaia catalog (abridged)Comment: 36 pages, 38 figure

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele