Variaciones morfológicas y algunas notas bioecológicas del cangrejo de agua dulce <i>Neostrengeria charalensis</i> Campos y Rodríguez, 1985 (Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae), en ambientes exo y endocársticos de los Andes colombianos

En este estudio se identifican las variaciones morfológicas a nivel del caparazón, pereópodos, exognatos del tercer maxilípedo y gonópodos de 333 especímenes de Neostrengeria charalensis provenientes de ambientes exo y endocársticos. La relación de la longitud del exognato respecto al isquio del endognato del tercer maxilípedo presenta un promedio de 0,55 para los especímenes de origen epigeo y 0,59 para los de origen hipogeo. Se estableció que existen diferencias entre la proporción de la longitud total del segundo pereópodo versus el ancho del caparazón, siendo mayor esta proporción en los especímenes de hábitos hipogeos frente a los epigeos. A nivel del gonópodo se describen y se ilustran las diferencias de especímenes provenientes de cuevas y cavernas. Se establecieron diferencias importantes en las proporciones a nivel morfológico, aunque estas no correspondieron a grandes variaciones. El resultado más relevante de este estudio es la evidencia de la existencia de una respuesta adaptativa por parte de los especímenes de hábitos hipogeos a su ambiente. Adicionalmente se incluyen algunos aspectos sobre la distribución, hábitat y bioecología de esta especie en ambientes hipogeos

Variaciones morfológicas y algunas notas bioecológicas del cangrejo de agua dulce Neostrengeria charalensis Campos y Rodríguez, 1985 (Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae), en ambientes exo y endocársticos de los Andes colombianos

In this study, morphological variations are established at the level of the carapace, pereopods, exognath of the third maxilliped and gonopod of 333 specimens of freshwater crabs of the species Neostrengeria charalensis from exo and endocarstic environments. The relationship of the length of the exognath to the ischium of the endognath of the third maxilliped presents an average of 0.55 for specimens of epigeal origin and 0.59 for hypogeal specimens. It was established that there are differences between the proportions of the total length of the second pereopod versus the width of the carapace, being greater this proportion in the specimens of hypogean habits in comparison to those with epigean habits. At the gonopod level, differences in cave specimens were described and illustrated. Relevant differences were found in morphological proportions, but these do not represent large variations. The importance of this study is that it allows us to conclude that there is an adaptive response by the specimens of hypogeous habitsto their environment. Additionally, some aspects about the distribution, habitat and bioecology of this species in hypogeous environments are included.En este estudio se identifican las variaciones morfológicas a nivel del caparazón, pereópodos, exognatosdel tercer maxilípedo y gonópodos de 333 especímenes de Neostrengeria charalensis provenientes deambientes exo y endocársticos. La relación de la longitud del exognato respecto al isquio del endognatodel tercer maxilípedo presenta un promedio de 0,55 para los especímenes de origen epigeo y 0,59 paralos de origen hipogeo. Se estableció que existen diferencias entre la proporción de la longitud total delsegundo pereópodo versus el ancho del caparazón, siendo mayor esta proporción en los especímenesde hábitos hipogeos frente a los epigeos. A nivel del gonópodo se describen y se ilustran las diferenciasde especímenes provenientes de cuevas y cavernas. Se establecieron diferencias importantes en lasproporciones a nivel morfológico, aunque estas no correspondieron a grandes variaciones. El resultadomás relevante de este estudio es la evidencia de la existencia de una respuesta adaptativa por parte delos especímenes de hábitos hipogeos a su ambiente. Adicionalmente se incluyen algunos aspectos sobrela distribución, hábitat y bioecología de esta especie en ambientes hipogeos

Ectoparásitos (Argulidae, Cymothoidae, Corallanidae) en rayas de agua dulce (Potamotrygonidae) de la Orinoquia colombiana

Four species of ectoparasite crustaceans are registered for the first time from the Orinoco River Basin (Colombia) in freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae, genusPotamotrygon. Two belong to the Branchiura subclass, Argulidae family: Dolops reperta (Bouvier, 1899) and D. striata (Bouvier, 1899), and two to the Isopoda Order, corresponding to the families Cymothoidae and Corallanidae, represented by the species Braga cigarra (Szidat &amp; Schubart, 1960) and Excorallana delaneyi (Stone &amp; Heard, 1989), respectively.Se registra por primera vez para Colombia (cuenca del Orinoco), cuatro especies de crustáceosectoparásitos en rayas de agua dulce (Potamotrygonidae), género Potamotrygon. Dos que pertenecena la subclase Branchiura, familia Argulidae: Dolops reperta (Bouvier, 1899) y D. striata (Bouvier, 1899)y dos al orden Isopoda, correspondientes a las familias Cymothoidae y Corallanidae, representadascon las especies Braga cigarra (Szidat &amp; Schubart, 1960) y Excorallana delaneyi (Stone &amp; Heard, 1989),respectivamente

Ectoparásitos (Argulidae, Cymothoidae, Corallanidae) en rayas de agua dulce (Potamotrygonidae) de la Orinoquia colombiana

Se registra por primera vez para Colombia (cuenca del Orinoco), cuatro especies de crustáceos ectoparásitos en rayas de agua dulce (Potamotrygonidae), género Potamotrygon. Dos que pertenecen a la subclase Branchiura, familia Argulidae: Dolops reperta (Bouvier, 1899) y D. striata (Bouvier, 1899) y dos al orden Isopoda, correspondientes a las familias Cymothoidae y Corallanidae, representadas con las especies Braga cigarra (Szidat & Schubart, 1960) y Excorallana delaneyi (Stone & Heard, 1989), respectivamente

Neuronal birthdate reveals topography in a vestibular brainstem circuit for gaze stabilization

Across the nervous system, neurons with similar attributes are topographically organized. This topography reflects developmental pressures. Oddly, vestibular (balance) nuclei are thought to be disorganized. By measuring activity in birthdated neurons, we revealed a functional map within the central vestibular projection nucleus that stabilizes gaze in the larval zebrafish. We first discovered that both somatic position and stimulus selectivity follow projection neuron birthdate. Next, with electron microscopy and loss-of-function assays, we found that patterns of peripheral innervation to projection neurons were similarly organized by birthdate. Finally, birthdate revealed spatial patterns of axonal arborization and synapse formation to projection neuron outputs. Collectively, we find that development reveals previously hidden organization to the input, processing, and output layers of a highly conserved vertebrate sensorimotor circuit. The spatial and temporal attributes we uncover constrain the developmental mechanisms that may specify the fate, function, and organization of vestibulo-ocular reflex neurons. More broadly, our data suggest that, like invertebrates, temporal mechanisms may assemble vertebrate sensorimotor architecture

Comorbidade de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em pacientes com dor crônica e o impacto sobre a qualidade de vida

BACKGROUND: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience. Both chronic pain and depression result in substantial disability reduced HRQoL and increased health care costs and utilization. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the strength of the association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and chronic pain, and to investigate the impact of these symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic pain individuals. METHODS: Pain was assessed by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Quality of life was assessed by means of the SF-36. RESULTS: Four hundred patients were studied, mean age 45.6 ± 11.4 years and 82.8% female gender. According to HAD, 70% had anxiety and 60% depression symptoms. SF-36 showed mean scores < 50% for all the domains. Patients with severe pain/extreme (70.4%) had a higher frequency of anxiety than those with pain selvagem/moderada (59,5%). This was a statistically significant (p = 0.027). However, the frequency of depression did not reach statistical significance when both groups were compared p = 0.109). DISCUSSION: Depressive/anxiety symptoms and pain together have worse clinical outcomes than each condition alone.CONTEXTO: Dor é uma experiência emocional e sensorial desagradável. Tanto a dor crônica como a depressão reduzem de forma significativa a qualidade de vida, além de aumentar muito os custos dos cuidados com a saúde. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a associação entre sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade em relação à dor crônica e investigar o impacto desses sintomas na saúde e na qualidade de vida em indivíduos com dor crônica. MÉTODOS: A dor foi avaliada por meio de uma Escala Analógica Visual (VAS). Os sintomas depressivos e a ansiedade foram avaliados pela Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD). A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por meio do SF-36. RESULTADOS: Quatrocentos pacientes foram estudados, com idade média de 45,6 ± 11,4 anos e 82,8% são do sexo feminino. De acordo com a HAD, 70% tinham ansiedade e 60%, os sintomas de depressão. A SF-36 apresentou escores < 50% para todos os domínios. Os pacientes com dor intensa/ extrema apresentaram maior frequência (70,4%) de ansiedade do que aqueles com dor selvagem/moderada (59,5%). Essa foi uma associação estatisticamente significante (p = 0,027). No entanto, a frequência de depressão não atingiu significância estatística quando ambos os grupos foram comparados (p = 0,109). CONCLUSÃO: Os sintomas depressivos/ansiedade e dor, em conjunto, apresentaram piores desfechos clínicos de cada estado sozinho. É necessária mais investigação para determinar se o tratamento da dor ajuda os sintomas dos pacientes depressivos e se o alívio dos sintomas depressivos melhora a dor e sua morbidade

Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus after Its Emergence in Brazil.

Chikungunya has had a substantial impact on public health because of the magnitude of its epidemics and its highly debilitating symptoms. We estimated the seroprevalence, proportion of symptomatic cases, and proportion of chronic form of disease after introduction of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2 cities in Brazil. We conducted the population-based study through household interviews and serologic surveys during October-December 2015. In Feira de Santana, we conducted a serologic survey of 385 persons; 57.1% were CHIKV-positive. Among them, 32.7% reported symptoms, and 68.1% contracted chronic chikungunya disease. A similar survey in Riachão do Jacuípe included 446 persons; 45.7% were CHIKV-positive, 41.2% reported symptoms, and 75.0% contracted the chronic form. Our data confirm intense CHIKV transmission during the continuing epidemic. Chronic pain developed in a high proportion of patients. We recommend training health professionals in management of chronic pain, which will improve the quality of life of chikungunya-affected persons