Plant Metabolites in Plant Defense Against Pathogens

Medicinal plants are widely used worldwide to treat various diseases. Its widespread use is due in part to the cultural acceptance of traditional medicine in different regions of the world, as well as its effectiveness in treating various diseases. Many of its active substances or secondary metabolites are formed to a response of various situations that generate stress in their habitat, such as sudden changes in environmental temperature, humidity, rain, drought, and infections by phytopathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, protozoa). The production of these secondary metabolites is a mechanism of defense of plants. In this context, the objective of this chapter is to study the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants that could have a promising application in the control of different phytopathogens in crops of agricultural and economic interest

Seminario de Economía Mexicana

Serie de ponencias referentes al Seminario de Economía Mexicana. Memorias del Seminario de Economía Mexicana de 199

Influencia de la estrategia "toma de decisiones" en el autoconcepto de adolescentes consumidores de alcohol

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de la estrategia "toma de decisiones" en el autoconcepto de adolescentes consumidores de alcohol. Se aplicó un estudio longitudinal, pre-experimental. Se incluyeron 30 adolescentes, previo consentimiento informado de estudiantes y padres. La recolección de datos se realizo con AUDIT, test de conflicto decisional y The Tennessee Self-Concep Scale (TSCS). Se encontró que la edad promedio fue 16.56 ± 0.85 años, 60% hombres, el 100% de los adolescentes presentaron conflicto decisional. El 100% habían consumido alcohol alguna vez en su vida. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el autoconcepto pre y post intervención (p = 0.27), excepto en la dimensión Yo moral (p = 0.01). Se concluye de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en la pre y post intervención que la estrategia de intervención tuvo una influencia en la dimensión del autoconcepto Yo Moral del adolescente consumidor de alcohol. Es posible que esto influyera en la percepción de sí mismo al encontrarse con la realidad de que por primera vez consideraba su capacidad o incapacidad para tomar decisiones

Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Mexico: Analysis of the National Tuberculosis Registry 2000–2012

<div><p>Background</p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem in Mexico while the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) has increased rapidly in recent years.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To describe the trends of incidence rates of pulmonary TB associated with DM and not associated with DM and to compare the results of treatment outcomes in patients with and without DM.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>We analysed the National Tuberculosis Registry from 2000 to 2012 including patients with pulmonary TB among individuals older than 20 years of age. The association between DM and treatment failure was analysed using logistic regression, accounting for clustering due to regional distribution.</p><p>Results</p><p>In Mexico from 2000 to 2012, the incidence rates of pulmonary TB associated to DM increased by 82.64%, (p <0.001) in contrast to rates of pulmonary TB rate without DM, which decreased by 26.77%, (p <0.001). Patients with a prior diagnosis of DM had a greater likelihood of failing treatment (adjusted odds ratio, 1.34 (1.11–1.61) p <0.002) compared with patients who did not have DM. There was statistical evidence of interaction between DM and sex. The odds of treatment failure were increased in both sexes.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our data suggest that the growing DM epidemic has an impact on the rates of pulmonary TB. In addition, patients who suffer from both diseases have a greater probability of treatment failure.</p></div

Characteristics of pulmonary TB patients according to DM diagnosis, Mexico 2000–2012.

<p>TB, Tuberculosis; DM, Diabetes mellitus; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; IQR, Interquartile range; MDR, multidrug resistance.</p><p>* Chi-square test.</p><p>** Mann–Whitney Test.</p><p>† Binomial test.</p><p>Characteristics of pulmonary TB patients according to DM diagnosis, Mexico 2000–2012.</p

Adjusted odds ratio (OR)^* and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for MDR TB, Mexico 2000–2012.

<p>*Logistic regression analysis accounting for clustering due to regional distribution. All models were adjusted for sex (except in stratified by sex analysis), age, treatment for a previous TB episode, and malnutrition.</p><p>Adjusted odds ratio (OR)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129312#t002fn001" target="_blank">*</a>} and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for MDR TB, Mexico 2000–2012.</p

Association of treatment failure with DM and other patient characteristics among patients with pulmonary TB among the subgroup of patients with antimicrobial susceptibility results, by multivariate analyses^* Mexico 2000–2012.

<p>DM, Diabetes mellitus; TB, Tuberculosis; MDR, multidrug resistant; OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval.</p><p>* Logistic regression analysis accounting for clustering due to regional distribution.</p><p>Association of treatment failure with DM and other patient characteristics among patients with pulmonary TB among the subgroup of patients with antimicrobial susceptibility results, by multivariate analyses^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0129312#t004fn002" target="_blank">*</a>} Mexico 2000–2012.</p

Trends of pulmonary TB rates and number of cases according to age groups and prior diagnosis of DM, Mexico 2000–2012.

<p>Number of pulmonary TB patients (bar) and incidence rates of pulmonary TB (line). Panel A: Pulmonary TB patients with a previous diagnosis of DM. Panel B: Pulmonary TB patients without a previous diagnosis of DM. Panel C: Total pulmonary TB patients with and without a previous diagnosis of DM. * p trend <0.001. TB; Tuberculosis; DM, Diabetes mellitus.</p

Clinical characteristics of patients with central nervous system relapse in BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the importance of characterizing ABL1 mutations in cerebrospinal fluid

We investigated the frequency, predictors, and evolution of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in patients with CNS relapse and introduced a novel method for studying BCR-ABL1 protein variants in cDNA from bone marrow (BM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) blast cells. A total of 128 patients were analyzed in two PETHEMA clinical trials. All achieved complete remission after imatinib treatment. Of these, 30 (23%) experienced a relapse after achieving complete remission, and 13 (10%) had an isolated CNS relapse or combined CNS and BM relapses. We compared the characteristics of patients with and without CNS relapse and further analyzed CSF and BM samples from two of the 13 patients with CNS relapse. In both patients, classical sequencing analysis of the kinase domain of BCR-ABL1 from the cDNA of CSF blasts revealed the pathogenic variant p.L387M. We also performed ultra-deep next-generation sequencing (NGS) in three samples from one of the relapsed patients. We did not find the mutation in the BM sample, but we did find it in CSF blasts with 45% of reads at the time of relapse. These data demonstrate the feasibility of detecting BCR-ABL1 mutations in CSF blasts by NGS and highlight the importance of monitoring clonal evolution over time