Social capital and self-rated health among adolescents in Brazil: an exploratory study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Social capital may influence health and the patterns of association differ according its dimension such as cognitive, behavioral, bridging or bonding. There is a few numbers of studies in Latin America which comprise these aspects of social capital and health. The aim of this study was to examine the association between social capital and self-rated health among youth, and distinguish between the different forms of social capital - cognitive versus behavioral, and bonding versus bridging.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 among working adolescents supported by a Brazilian NGO. The sample comprised 363 individuals and data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire. The outcome, self-rated health, was measured as a dichotomous variable (poor/good health) and fourteen social capital indicators were investigated (cognitive, behavioral and bonding/bridging). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Cognitive (social support and trust), behavioral (civic participation) and bridging social capital were associated with good self-rated health after adjustment of all the other social capital indicators and confounders (sex, age, skin color and educational background).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Social capital was associated with self-rated health and the patterns of association differed according its specific dimensions. Cognitive, behavioral and bridging social capitals were protective for adolescents health living in a developing country context..</p

Raoultella ornithinolytica: an opportunistic pathogen in the oral cavity of chronic kidney disease patients

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

1,135 ionomes reveal the global pattern of leaf and seed mineral nutrient and trace element diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana

We thank the laboratory members who helped with the sowing and harvesting of the materials for this very large high‐throughput experiment. We recognise the late Dr John Danku for performing the ICP‐MS analysis for this research. This work was funded by UKRI BBSRC grants (BB/L000113/1 and BB/N023927/1) to DES and support from the Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Genomic selection for boar taint compounds and carcass traits in a commercial pig population

AbstractThis study aimed to compare two different Genome-Wide Selection (GWS) methods (Ridge Regression BLUP − RR-BLUP and Bayesian LASSO − BL) to predict the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) of four phenotypes, including two boar taint compounds, i.e., the concentrations of androstenone (andro) and skatole (ska), and two carcass traits, i.e., backfat thickness (fat) and loin depth (loin), which were measured in a commercial male pig line. Six hundred twenty-two boars were genotyped for 2,500 previously selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The accuracies of the GEBV using both methods were estimated based on Jack-knife cross-validation. The BL showed the best performance for the andro, ska and loin traits, which had accuracy values of 0.65, 0.58 and 0.33, respectively; for the fat trait, the RR-BLUP accuracy of 0.61 outperformed the BL accuracy of 0.56. Considering that BL was more accurate for the majority of the traits, this method is the most favoured for GWS under the conditions of this study. The most relevant SNPs for each trait were located in the chromosome regions that were previously indicated as QTL regions in other studies, i.e., SSC6 for andro and ska, SSC2 for fat, and SSC11, SSC15 and SSC17 for loin

Characterization of oral enterobacteriaceae prevalence and resistance profile in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing public-health concern worldwide. Patients exhibit compromised immunity and are more prone to infection than other populations. Therefore, oral colonization by clinically relevant members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, major agents of both nosocomial and dialysis-associated infections with frequent prevalence of antibiotic resistances, may constitute a serious risk. Thus, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of clinically relevant enterobacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in the oral cavity of CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (CKD-PD) and compare it to healthy controls. Saliva samples from all the participants were cultured on MacConkey Agar and evaluated regarding the levels of urea, ammonia, and pH. Bacterial isolates were identified and characterized for antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype. The results showed that CKD-PD patients exhibited significantly higher salivary pH, urea, and ammonia levels than controls, that was accompanied by higher prevalence and diversity of oral enterobacteria. Out of all the species isolated, only the prevalence of Raoultella ornithinolytica varied significantly between groups, colonizing the oral cavity of approximately 30% of CKD-PD patients while absent from controls. Antibiotic resistance phenotyping revealed mostly putative intrinsic resistance phenotypes (to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and cephalothin), and resistance to sulfamethoxazole (~43% of isolates) and streptomycin (~17%). However, all isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested and multidrug resistance isolates were only found in CKD-PD group (31,6%). Mobile genetic elements and resistance genes were detected in isolates of the species Raoultella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter asburiae, mostly originated from CKD-PD patients. PD-related infection history revealed that Enterobacteriaceae were responsible for ~8% of peritonitis and ~ 16% of exit-site infections episodes in CKD-PD patients, although no association was found to oral enterobacteria colonization at the time of sampling. The results suggest that the CKD-induced alterations of the oral milieu might promote a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiome, namely the proliferation of clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae potentially harboring acquired antibiotic resistance genes. This study highlights the importance of the oral cavity as a reservoir for pathobionts and antibiotic resistances in CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A bioecological perspective of human development on autonomy of an athlete with intellectual disability

El objetivo de ese estudio fue investigar los elementos que favorecen la autonomía en la vida de deportistas de natación con discapacidad intelectual, desde la perspectiva de la teoría bioecológica del desarrollo humano. Se utilizó un estudio de caso cualitativo para comprender los contextos en los que el deportista estuve presente y participando. Se analizaron los papeles del representante de la familia responsable de la educación del deportista y del entrenador que contribuyeron y / o interfirieron en su autonomía. Un nadador, de sexo masculino, con discapacidad intelectual que participaba en el programa Special Olympics Brasil, con 24 años de edad, así como su madre y el entrenador de natación fueron entrevistados. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis descriptivo se basó en el modelo proceso-persona contexto tiempo. Los resultados mostraron que las disposiciones, recursos y demandas observados en los procesos proximales en el microsistema del ambiente morada/familia y en el ambiente deportivo reflejaron especificidades que demandaron un abordaje contextualizado del modus operandi del atleta. Los resultados también mostraron que las actividades en el entorno morada/familia, así como en el entorno deportivo, tienen un efecto importante en la autonomía. Fue posible observar que los atributos fueron desarrollándose de manera muy especial y las características personales positivas combinadas influenciaron el comportamiento autónomo. Aparentemente, las creencias personales prevalecen en las acciones adoptadas por la madre y el entrenador, lo que refleja su importante papel en el cambio del comportamiento del atleta. Por lo tanto, los procesos proximales son de importancia fundamental en cualquier relación interpersonal. La perspectiva bioecológica adoptada permite considerar el deporte como un entorno favorable para el desarrollo humano.This study's aim was to investigate elements that foster autonomy in the life of a swimming athlete with intellectual disability, under the perspective of the bioecological theory of human development. A qualitative case study was used to describe the contexts in which the athlete was present and participating. The roles of the representative of the family responsible of the athlete's education and of the coach that contributed and/or interfered in the autonomy of this athlete were analyzed. One male athlete with intellectual disability attending a Special Olympics 24 years old, as well as his mother and swimming coach were interviewed. A semi-structured interview was used. The descriptive and interpretative analysis was based upon the process-person-context-time model. Results show that dispositions, resources and demands observed in proximal processes in the microsystem of the home/family environment and the sport environment reflect specificities that demand a contextualized approach of the modus operandi of the athlete. It was possible to observe that attributes were developmentally instigative, and positive personal characteristics have been combined influencing autonomous behavior. Results also showed that activities in the home/family environment as well as in the sport environment have an important effect on autonomy. Apparently, personal beliefs prevail in actions adopted by mother and coach, reflecting their important role in the change of the athlete's behavior. Therefore, proximal processes are of fundamental importance in any interpersonal relationship. The adopted bioecological perspective allows considering sport as a favorable environment for human development.O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os elementos que favorecem a autonomia na vida de atletas de natação com deficiência intelectual, sob a perspectiva da teoria bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano. Foi utilizado um estudo de caso qualitativo para descrever os contextos nos quais o atleta está presente e participando. Foram analisados os papéis do representante da família responsável pela educação do atleta e do treinador que contribuíram e/ou interferiram na autonomia do atleta. Um atleta, do sexo masculino, com deficiência intelectual que participa do programa Special Olympics, com 24 anos de idade, bem como a sua mãe e o treinador de natação foram entrevistados. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise descritiva baseou-se no modelo processo-pessoa-contexto-tempo. Os resultados mostraram que disposições, recursos e demandas observados nos processos proximais no microssistema do ambiente lar/família e no ambiente esporte refletiram especificidades que demandam uma abordagem contextualizada do modus operandi do atleta. Foi possível observar que os atributos foram desenvolvimentalmente instigantes, e as características pessoais positivas combinadas influenciaram o comportamento autônomo. Aparentemente, as crenças pessoais prevaleceram em ações adotadas pela mãe e pelo treinador, refletindo um importante papel na mudança de comportamento do atleta. Assim sendo, os processos proximais são de fundamental importância na relação interpessoal. A perspectiva bioecológica adotada permite considerar o esporte como um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento humano

SAMARAS OF AUSTROPLENCKIA POPULNEA (CELASTRACEAE): NEW CONSTITUENTS AND EFFECT OF EXTRACTS AND FRIEDELIN ON GERMINATION OF BIDENS PILOSA (ASTERACEAE)

Objective: Evaluation of the impact of extracts and constituents from samaras of Austroplenckia populnea on percentage of seed germination (%SG), germination speed index (GSI), length of rootlets (LR), seedling length (SL), and on dry mass (DM) of Bidens pilosa L weed.Methods: The  powder  of  samaras  was  extracted  with  organic  solvents  providing  the  hexane  (SAPEH),  chloroform  (SAPEC),  ethyl  acetate  (SAPEAE) and ethanol  (SAPEE)  extracts. The terpene 1 was isolated from SAPEH by means of column and thin layer chromatography and identified through NMR spectroscopy. Each extract and 1 were subjected to growth inhibition assays evaluating the following parameters: %SG, GSI, LR, SL and DM, with five repetitions.Results: The compounds Friedelin (1), 7-hydroxy-clerodan-3-en-16,15:18,20-diolide (2), 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone (3), tetradecanamide (4), and 4-hydroxy-1,6,15-acetyloxy-8,9-benzoyloxy-agarofurane (5) were isolated from hexane extract of samaras of A. populnea and identified by spectroscopic data. The compounds 2, 3 and 5 were not previously described as being chemical constituents from Celastraceae family. In addition, the novel compounds 3 and 5 were described here for the first time. Substantial effect on the germination of B. pilosa L. (picão-preto) was observed after treatment of seeds with nonpolar extracts from Samaras of A. populnea. Friedelin inhibited the seed germination in the tested concentrations showing toxic properties against picão-preto.Conclusion: The germination inhibition of seeds was higher using nonpolar extracts than polar extract. Friedelin inhibited the seed germination in the tested concentrations showing toxic properties against B. pilosa.Â

Radiologic images of the thoracic cavity of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy

A distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença de origem genética, cuja principal manifestação clínica é enfraquecimento e atrofia progressiva dos músculos. Os cães da raça Golden Retriever podem apresentar distrofia muscular, com características genotípicas e fenotípicas muito próximas à distrofia muscular humana, sendo considerado o modelo animal mais apropriado para o estudo da DMD. Foram realizadas radiografias torácicas látero-laterais e dorsoventrais de 10 cães Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular, com o objetivo de relatar as alterações radiográficas associadas a essa patologia. O exame radiográfico da cavidade torácica evidenciou: (a) padrão pulmonar intersticial e alveolar predominante, (b) um quadro de pneumonia e edema pulmonar em fase inicial, (c) a cardiomegalia como o principal achado de comprometimento circulatório na cavidade torácica, (d) O megaesôfago torácico foi observado deslocando a traquéia e silhueta cardíaca ventralmente e, (e) a cúpula diafragmática apresentou modificação morfológica, mostrando protrusão para o interior da cavidade torácica e hérnia hiatal, com deslocamento do estômago para o espaço mediastino caudal. Os achados de necropsia evidenciaram efusão pleural e enfisema pulmonar e lesões compatíveis com processos degenerativos e metaplásicos da musculatura diafragmática e intercostal. A avaliação radiográfica constituiu-se como um meio diagnóstico auxiliar essencial na identificação de doença cardíaca e respiratória em cães Golden Retriever acometidos pela Distrofia Muscular, capaz de identificar processos pneumônicos primários, permitindo o estabelecimento de terapêutica adequada de tratamento, com prognóstico reservado nos estágios mais avançados desta alteraçãoDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder with clinical signs of muscular weaknesses and progressive atrophy. Golden Retriever dogs show similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics to Human Muscular Dystrophy and are considered a proper animal model for DMD studies. Latero-lateral and dorso-ventral thoracic radiographies were obtained from 10 Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, to investigate possible radiographic alterations. Thorax radiographic examination revealed (a) interstitial and alveolar pattern, (b) initial phases of pneumonia and pulmonary edema, (c) cardiomegaly as a principal alteration in the thoracic cavity, (d) megaesophagus displacing the trachea and heart silhouette, and (e) cranial protrusion of the diaphragm lining into the thorax with development of a hiatus hernia displacing the stomach to the caudal mediastinum. Postmortem examination showed pleural effusion, pulmonary emphysema, degenerative and metaplasic processes in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Radiographic examination was considered essential for the diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory disease in Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy, and to identify the primary pulmonary process and to provide the establishment of suitable therapeutic treatment, with a reserved prognosis in advanced stage of the diseas