Las enfermedades reproductivas en los bovinos: ayer y hoy

Uno de los aspectos limitantes de la eficiencia de los rodeos de bovinos está representado por la incidencia de las enfermedades infecciosas de la reproducción. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados para prevenir la difusión de las mismas en los bovinos, tanto las ocasionadas por agentes bacterianos, víricos o protozoos, aún continúan siendo un problema.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Las enfermedades reproductivas en los bovinos: ayer y hoy

Uno de los aspectos limitantes de la eficiencia de los rodeos de bovinos está representado por la incidencia de las enfermedades infecciosas de la reproducción. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados para prevenir la difusión de las mismas en los bovinos, tanto las ocasionadas por agentes bacterianos, víricos o protozoos, aún continúan siendo un problema.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Experimental infection with Tritrichomonas suis in heifers

Nine heifers were intravaginally challenged with 9.3 × 106 Tritrichomonas suis reference strains. Vaginal mucus and serum samples were collected weekly 4 weeks post-inoculation. Vaginal mucus was cultured for T. suis and sera was tested by ELISA against whole cell antigens for T. suis and Tritrichomonas foetus. All vaginal mucus cultures were T. suis-negative during the experiment. ELISA values for both antigens were similar and differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Positive control serum samples from one heifer vaccinated against T. foetus showed anti-T. suis ELISA values. We concluded that T. suis intravaginal inoculation induced a low level of serum immune response in heifers measured by ELISA and both protozoa probably share a common antigen. However, under the experimental conditions of this trial, colonization of the heifers' genital tract was not possible in any of the nine animals. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.Fil: Cobo, Eduardo Ruben. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cano, Dora. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentin

Avances en la neosporosis bovina

El Grupo de Sanidad Animal de la EEA Balcarce del INTA presenta tres trabajos que tratan diferentes temas, como taxonomía, morfología, ciclo biológico, epidemiología, situación en el país e impacto económico, inmunidad, control y vacunas, de la neosporosis bovina, enfermedad parasitaria que causa aborto y nacimiento de terneros con deficiencia neuromuscular producida por el protozoo Neospora caninum.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Avances en la neosporosis bovina

El Grupo de Sanidad Animal de la EEA Balcarce del INTA presenta tres trabajos que tratan diferentes temas, como taxonomía, morfología, ciclo biológico, epidemiología, situación en el país e impacto económico, inmunidad, control y vacunas, de la neosporosis bovina, enfermedad parasitaria que causa aborto y nacimiento de terneros con deficiencia neuromuscular producida por el protozoo Neospora caninum.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Neosporosis bovina en Argentina: a 25 años del primer reporte en el país

La neosporosis es una enfermedad de gran impacto en el ganado vacuno debido a que causa abortos en el segundo y último trimestre de la gestación. En esta revisión se resume y discute la información sobre la misma, recopilada de dos décadas y media de estudios en bovinos de Argentina. Se aportan datos sobre el diagnóstico, la prevalencia y los avances en el estudio de la enfermedad. Está dirigida a los médicos veterinarios dedicados al diagnóstico y a la investigación de la neosporosis y/o a la producción bovina.Neosporosis is a disease with great impact in cattle, responsible for abortions in the second and last trimester of gestation. The present revision summarizes and discusses information from two and a half decades of studies about the disease in cattle from Argentina, contributing data about prevalence, diagnosis and progress in the knowledge of the disease. this report will be of interest for veterinarians specialized in diagnosis and investigation of neosporosis and/or bovine production.EEA RafaelaFil: Campero, Lucía María. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Lucía María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Echaide, Ignacio Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Venturini, María C. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología; Argentin

Bovine neosporosis in Argentina: 25 years from the first report in the country

La neosporosis es una enfermedad de gran impacto en el ganado vacuno debido a que causa abortos en el segundo y último trimestre de la gestación. En esta revisión se resume y discute la información sobre la misma, recopilada de dos décadas y media de estudios en bovinos de Argentina. Se aportan datos sobre el diagnóstico, la prevalencia y los avances en el estudio de la enfermedad. Está dirigida a los médicos veterinarios dedicados al diagnóstico y a la investigación de la neosporosis y/o a la producción bovina.Neosporosis is a disease with great impact in cattle, responsible for abortions in the second and last trimester of gestation. The present revision summarizes and discusses information from two and a half decades of studies about the disease in cattle from Argentina, contributing data about prevalence, diagnosis and progress in the knowledge of the disease. this report will be of interest for veterinarians specialized in diagnosis and investigation of neosporosis and/or bovine production.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

A comparative pattern of lectin-binding in the endometrial glands of the uterus and placenta of healthy buffaloes and bovines at early gestation

Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus) are closely related species. However, embryo transfer interspecies has been attempted without any success. The failure in hybrid embryo-implantation is associated with the glycocode in the maternal-fetal interface. Glycosylation patterns have been studied in different species of ruminants; however, in B. bubalis, only the binucleated cells (BNC) have been analyzed. This glycocode is essential for a successful embryo-implantation and can be defined by Lectin-Histochemistry (LHC). The aim of this study is to compare the glycosylation pattern of placenta and uterus in water buffaloes and cattle by LHC. Tissue samples of placenta and uterus from pregnant Mediterranean female water buffaloes (Buf1) and Angus cows (Bov1) were analyzed. All animals were euthanized at 98 days of gestation. LHC was carried out using twelve lectins (Con A, LCA, PSA, sWGA, PHA-e, SBA, UEA-1, WGA, RCA-1, PNA, DBA, BSA-1). The intensity of lectin binding was semiquantitatively scored using a scale of 0 (negative) to 3 (strongly positive). Difference between species was found in trophoblast layer by PSA, SWGA, PNA and BSA-1, in BNC, and in the mononuclear cells by LCA, PSA, PHA-e, DBA, BSA-1, PNA. In utero, differences in the apical cellular membrane and the secretion of glands were identified by DBA and RCA-1, and in the cytoplasm of those glandular epithelial cells by PHA-e, BSA-1, WGA, and SBA. In both species, BNC presented a strong positive reaction with DBA and SBA, a moderate response by LCA, PHA-e, BSA-1 and PNA lectin, and a low reaction by PSA, UEA-1, SWGA, WGA, Con A and RCA-1. The results found in this study suggest that although both species are closely related, glycosylation patterns in the placenta and uterus are different, thus providing a possible reason for embryo transfer not being possible between these species.EEA MercedesFil: Caspe, Sergio Gaston. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Konrad, Jose Luis. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Moore, Prando Dadin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Sala, Juan Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Lischinsky, Lilian Haydee. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Barbeito, Claudio G. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina

Identification of Neospora caninum in aborted bovine fetuses of Southern Chile

The aim of this study was to identify Neospora caninum in histologic sections of brain and optic nerve of aborted bovine fetuses. Sections of these tissues from 296 aborted bovine fetuses from Southern Chile, submitted between 2000 and 2010, to the Instituto de Patología Animal of the Universidad Austral de Chile were analyzed. Forty-four (14.9%) fetuses had microscopic lesions compatible with bovine neosporosis, including gliosis, necrosis, intralesional protozoan cysts and neuritis of optic nerves. N. caninum was identified by immunohistochemistry in brain sections of 27 cases (9.1%) with compatible lesions. Positive immunostaining was also found in the optic nerves of 13 cases (4.4%) with neuritis. N. caninum DNA was identified by PCR in brain sections in 31 cases (10.5%). In total, 36 cases (12.2%) were positive by either technique. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1 gene sequence of N. caninum revealed a high degree of conservation among different isolates. This is the first report of N. caninum-associated optic neuritis in cattle and also the first report of confirmed bovine abortion associated with this parasite in Chile.Fil: Moroni, Manuel. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Navarro, Mauricio. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Paredes, Enrrique. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Romero, Alex. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Alberdi, Aintzane. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Lischinsky, Tania. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Moore, Dadin Prando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Campero, Carlos Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Uzal, Francisco Alejandro. University of California at Davis; Estados Unido

Feature importance: Opening a soil-transmitted helminth machine learning model via SHAP

In the field of landscape epidemiology, the contribution of machine learning (ML) to modeling of epidemiological risk scenarios presents itself as a good alternative. This study aims to break with the "black box" paradigm that underlies the application of automatic learning techniques by using SHAP to determine the contribution of each variable in ML models applied to geospatial health, using the prevalence of hookworms, intestinal parasites, in Ethiopia, where they are widely distributed; the country bears the third-highest burden of hookworm in Sub-Saharan Africa. XGBoost software was used, a very popular ML model, to fit and analyze the data. The Python SHAP library was used to understand the importance in the trained model, of the variables for predictions. The description of the contribution of these variables on a particular prediction was obtained, using different types of plot methods. The results show that the ML models are superior to the classical statistical models; not only demonstrating similar results but also explaining, by using the SHAP package, the influence and interactions between the variables in the generated models. This analysis provides information to help understand the epidemiological problem presented and provides a tool for similar studies.This study was funded by Fundación Mundo Sano and Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The funders had no roles in the design of the study or collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. C.M.S. and M.N.C. had a PhD scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).S