Síndrome pré-menstrual: possibilidades de cuidados para atenuação dos sintomas

Introdução: A Síndrome Pré-menstrual (SPM), com início de uma a duas semanas antes da menstruação, engloba um padrão recorrente de sintomas físicos, afetivos e comportamentais, podendo ser agravados por fatores externos, como hábitos de vida e condição socioeconômica, afetando negativamente as atividades diárias. Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre a síndrome pré-menstrual e a possibilidade de reabilitação. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada através da leitura de portais oficiais de órgãos públicos e da busca eletrônica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), no PubMed e na Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Nessa revisão integrativa foram selecionados 41 estudos primários publicados nos últimos 5 anos, disponíveis gratuitamente e nos idiomas inglês e português. Discussão: Com relação às técnicas não farmacológicas, observou-se que os métodos de exercício físico, dieta, medicina tradicional iraniana, suplementação de vitamina D e terapia cognitivo-comportamental obtiveram boa eficácia na atenuação dos sintomas da SPM, como dismenorreia e alterações de humor; o tratamento com auriculoterapia mostrou resultados semelhantes ao uso de placebo; outros como acupuntura e acupressão não trouxeram resultados conclusivos.  Entre os métodos farmacológicos, o tratamento padrão preconizado é por meio de anticoncepcionais orais combinados. Além disso, o uso de inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina (ISRSs) pode aumentar a quantidade de serotonina para neurotransmissão e consequentemente melhorar os sintomas da SPM. Os moduladores seletivos do receptor de estrogênio oferecem uma estratégia segura para manejo de sintomas, inclusive os de menopausa. O uso de moduladores do receptor de progesterona, por outro lado, mostrou maior controle de comportamentos agressivos. Por fim, um estudo multicêntrico realizado na Suécia mostrou resultado promissor do neuroesteroide endógeno em comparação ao uso de anticoncepcionais orais combinados. Conclusão: Há fortes indícios de melhora dos sintomas da SPM diante das diversas possibilidades para sua reabilitação, sejam elas farmacológicas ou não-farmacológicas.Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), with beggining in one or two weeks before menstruation, includes a recurring pattern of physical, affective and behavioral symptoms that can be exarcebated by external factors as life habits and socialeconomic conditions, affecting negatively the daily activities.  Objective: Analyze the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and the possibility of rehabilitation. Method: Integrative literature review performed through reading of official portals of public agencies and the eletronic search in Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: In this integrative review, it was selected 41 primary studies published within the last 5 years, available for free and in english and portuguese languages. Discussion: In regard of the non-pharmacological techniques, it was observed that physical exercise, diet, traditional iranian medicine, vitamine D supplementation and cognitive behavioral therapy had good efficiency in the attenuation of the PMS symptoms, as dysmenorrhea and mood changes; the treatment with auriculotherapy has shown similar results as the use of placebo; others as acupuncture and acupressure didn’t bring conclusive results. Between the pharmacological methods, the standard treatment is with combined oral contraceptives. Furthermore, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can increase the amount of serotonin for neurotransmission and consequently improve PMS symptoms. The selective estrogen receptor modulator offers a safe strategy to handle the symptoms, including menopauses. The use of selective progesterone receptor modulator, on the other hand, has shown better control of aggressive behaviors. At last, a multicentric study made in Sweden has shown promising results of endogenous neurosteroid when compared to the use of combined oral contraceptives. Conclusion: There are strong evidence of improvement of PMS symptoms in front of the many rehabilitation possibilities, whether they are pharmacological or non-pharmacological

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data