Coping With Hemodialysis: Cognitive Appraisals, Coping Behaviors, Spiritual Well-Being, Assertiveness, And Family Adaptability And Cohesion As Correlates Of Adjustment

Twenty-eight patients with renal failure who were receiving hemodialysis at a private hemodialysis center vollllltered as subjects for this study. A global adjustment score was formulated for each subject by averaging their scores on three instruments: Linkowski Acceptance of Disability Scale, Productive Use of Time, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A C:Ompliance With Treatment questionnaire was originally designed to be part of the global adjustment scores. However, it did not correlate with the other adjustment measures, and therefore was not incorporated into the global adjustment scores. Adjustment scores were then compared or related to demographic variables, cognitive appraisals, coping behaviors, assertiveness, spiritual well-being, and family adaptability and cohesion. A significant difference was folllld between well-adjusted and poorly adjusted subjects according to marital status and education. More well-adjusted subjects were married and had more years of education than poorly adjusted subjects. Although the distributions of well-adjusted and poorly adjusted subjects did not differ according to primary and secondary cognitive appraisals, the distributions of these appraisals for the total sample were different than expected by chance. Generally, the subjects appraised hemodialysis as distressing and something that had to be accepted. As a total group the subjects did not use more emotion-focused coping than problem-focused coping. Well-adjusted and poorly adjusted subjects were compared on their utilization of eight coping behaviors, and no differences were found. Short-term and long-term hemodialysis users were also compared on their utilization of eight coping behaviors, and no differences were found. Although religious coping behavior was frequently utilized, it was not used as much as the average of the other coping behaviors assessed. A positive correlation was found between spiritual well-being and adjustment. Similarly, a positive correlation was found between assertiveness and adjustment. A multiple regression of spiritual well-being and assertiveness on adjustment indicated .that spiritual well-being could predict adjustment with a moderate degree of confidence. It was shown that assertive subjects using hemodialysis longer than six months were better adjusted than assertive subjects using hemodialysis less than six months. Assertive subjects also became better adjusted over time on hemodialysis, whereas non-assertive subjects became less adjusted over time on hemodialysis. Although a predicted curvilinear relationship between family adaptability and adjustment was not found, the subjects perceived their families as having little capacity to constinctively deal with stress but rather as becoming chaotic or rigid in response to stress. Although a predicted curvilinear relationship between family cohesion and adjustment was not found, the subjects perceived their families as being emotionally distant or intensely emotionally bonded but not in between these extremes. A variety of other non-predicted findings were also reported and discussed in terms of the previous research on the psychological adjustment of patients to hemodialysis. Predicted and non-predicted findings were discussed in both theoretical and practical terms

SSB-1 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a nucleolar-specific, silver-binding protein that is associated with the snR10 and snR11 small nuclear RNAs

SSB-1, the yeast single-strand RNA-binding protein, is demonstrated to be a yeast nucleolar-specific, silver-binding protein. In double-label immunofluorescence microscopy experiments antibodies to two other nucleolar proteins, RNA Pol I 190-kD and fibrillarin, were used to reveal the site of rRNA transcription; i.e., the fibrillar region of the nucleolus. SSB-1 colocalized with fibrillarin in a double-label immunofluorescence mapping experiment to the yeast nucleolus. SSB-1 is located, though, over a wider region of the nucleolus than the transcription site marker. Immunoprecipitations of yeast cell extracts with the SSB-1 antibody reveal that in 150 mM NaCl SSB-1 is bound to two small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). These yeast snRNAs are snR10 and snR11, with snR10 being predominant. Since snR10 has been implicated in pre-rRNA processing, the association of SSB-1 and snR10 into a nucleolar snRNP particle indicates SSB-1 involvement in rRNA processing as well. Also, another yeast protein, SSB-36-kD, isolated by single- strand DNA chromatography, is shown to bind silver under the conditions used for nucleolar-specific staining. It is, most likely, another yeast nucleolar protein

Some studies of phosphate glasses

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Psychologists Collaborating With Clergy

If a patient adheres to religious values and practices, should the treating psychologist get input from a clergyperson? How frequent is clergy-psychologist collaboration? What obstacles impede such collaboration? An exploratory survey questionnaire was sent to 200 clergy, 200 psychologists interested in religious issues, and 200 psychologists selected without regard to religious interests or values. Four themes were assessed: types of collaborative activities, frequency of collaboration, obstacles to collaboration, and ways to enhance collaboration. Strategies for promoting clergy-psychologist collaboration include challenging unidirectional referral assumptions, building trust through proximity and familiarity, and considering the importance of shared values and beliefs

On orbital allotments for geostationary satellites

The following satellite synthesis problem is addressed: communication satellites are to be allotted positions on the geostationary arc so that interference does not exceed a given acceptable level by enforcing conservative pairwise satellite separation. A desired location is specified for each satellite, and the objective is to minimize the sum of the deviations between the satellites' prescribed and desired locations. Two mixed integer programming models for the satellite synthesis problem are presented. Four solution strategies, branch-and-bound, Benders' decomposition, linear programming with restricted basis entry, and a switching heuristic, are used to find solutions to example synthesis problems. Computational results indicate the switching algorithm yields solutions of good quality in reasonable execution times when compared to the other solution methods. It is demonstrated that the switching algorithm can be applied to synthesis problems with the objective of minimizing the largest deviation between a prescribed location and the corresponding desired location. Furthermore, it is shown that the switching heuristic can use no conservative, location-dependent satellite separations in order to satisfy interference criteria

Probing the circulation of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates

This paper reports the results of a theoretical and experimental study of how the initial circulation of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can be probed by time-of-flight (TOF) images. We have studied theoretically the dynamics of a BEC after release from a toroidal trap potential by solving the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. The trap and condensate characteristics matched those of a recent experiment. The circulation, experimentally imparted to the condensate by stirring, was simulated theoretically by imprinting a linear azimuthal phase on the initial condensate wave function. The theoretical TOF images were in good agreement with the experimental data. We find that upon release the dynamics of the ring--shaped condensate proceeds in two distinct phases. First, the condensate expands rapidly inward, filling in the initial hole until it reaches a minimum radius that depends on the initial circulation. In the second phase, the density at the inner radius increases to a maximum after which the hole radius begins slowly to expand. During this second phase a series of concentric rings appears due to the interference of ingoing and outgoing matter waves from the inner radius. The results of the GP equation predict that the hole area is a quadratic function of the initial circulation when the condensate is released directly from the trap in which it was stirred and is a linear function of the circulation if the trap is relaxed before release. These scalings matched the data. Thus, hole size after TOF can be used as a reliable probe of initial condensate circulation. This connection between circulation and hole size after TOF will facilitate future studies of atomtronic systems that are implemented in ultracold quantum gases.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Development of a management practicum in a clinical psychology program

Some clinical psychology programs are developing training in management in response to both the recognition that management is a major professional role for many psychologists (Clements, Rickard, & Kleinot, 1986) and the National Council of Schools of Professional Psychology’s (NCSPP) inclusion of “supervision and management” as one of six competency areas for the core curriculum in professional psychology (Peterson, R. L., McHolland, J. D., Bent, R. J., Davis-Russell, E., Edwall, G. E., Polite, K., Singer, D. L., & Stricker, G., 1991). At the Graduate School of Clinical Psychology at George Fox University (Newberg, OR), we developed a management practicum to facilitate specific and advanced training of selected doctoral students in this competency area. In this article, we compare and contrast our program with the one developed at West Virginia University (WVU), described in a previous article in this journal