53,851 research outputs found
Investigation of a 2-Colour Undulator FEL Using Puffin
Initial studies of a 2-colour FEL amplifier using one monoenergetic electron
beam are presented. The interaction is modelled using the unaveraged, broadband
FEL code Puffin. A series of undulator modules are tuned to generate two
resonant frequencies along the FEL interaction and a self-consistent 2-colour
FEL interaction at widely spaced non-harmonic wavelengths at 1nm and 2.4nm is
demonstrated.Comment: Submitted to The 35th International Free-Electron Laser Conference,
Manhattan, New York (2013
Dissecting financial markets: Sectors and states
By analyzing a large data set of daily returns with data clustering
technique, we identify economic sectors as clusters of assets with a similar
economic dynamics. The sector size distribution follows Zipf's law. Secondly,
we find that patterns of daily market-wide economic activity cluster into
classes that can be identified with market states. The distribution of
frequencies of market states shows scale-free properties and the memory of the
market state process extends to long times ( days). Assets in the same
sector behave similarly across states. We characterize market efficiency by
analyzing market's predictability and find that indeed the market is close to
being efficient. We find evidence of the existence of a dynamic pattern after
market's crashes.Comment: 6 pages 4 figures. Additional information available at
http://www.sissa.it/dataclustering/fin
Bilateral symmetry across Aphrodite Terra
There are three main highland areas on Venus: Beta Regio, Ishtar Terra and Aphrodite Terra. The latter is least known and the least mapped, yet existing analyses of Aphrodite Terra based on available Pioneer-Venus orbiter data suggest that it may be the site of extensive rifting. Some of the highest resolution (30 km) PV data (SAR) included most of the western half of Aphrodite Terra. Recent analysis of the SAR data together with Arecibo range-doppler topographic profiling (10 X 100 km horizontal and 10 m vertical resolution) across parts of Aphrodite, further characterized the nature of possible tectonic processes in the equatorial highlands. The existence of distinct topographic and radar morphologic linear discontinuities across the nearly east-west strike of Aphrodite Terra is indicated. Another prominent set of linear features is distinctly parallel to and orthogonal to the ground tracks of the PV spacecraft and are not included because of the possibility that they are artifacts. Study of the northwest trending cross-strike discontinuities (CSD's) and the nature of topographic and morphologic features along their strike suggest the presence of bilateral topographic and morphologic symmetry about the long axis of Aphrodite Terra
Silicon dendritic web material
The development of a low cost and reliable contact system for solar cells and the fabrication of several solar cell modules using ultrasonic bonding for the interconnection of cells and ethylene vinyl acetate as the potting material for module encapsulation are examined. The cells in the modules were made from dendritic web silicon. To reduce cost, the electroplated layer of silver was replaced with an electroplated layer of copper. The modules that were fabricated used the evaporated Ti, Pd, Ag and electroplated Cu (TiPdAg/Cu) system. Adherence of Ni to Si is improved if a nickel silicide can be formed by heat treatment. The effectiveness of Ni as a diffusion barrier to Cu and the ease with which nickel silicide is formed is discussed. The fabrication of three modules using dendritic web silicon and employing ultrasonic bonding for interconnecting calls and ethylene vinyl acetate as the potting material is examined
Quantum and Fisher Information from the Husimi and Related Distributions
The two principal/immediate influences -- which we seek to interrelate here
-- upon the undertaking of this study are papers of Zyczkowski and
Slomczy\'nski (J. Phys. A 34, 6689 [2001]) and of Petz and Sudar (J. Math.
Phys. 37, 2262 [1996]). In the former work, a metric (the Monge one,
specifically) over generalized Husimi distributions was employed to define a
distance between two arbitrary density matrices. In the Petz-Sudar work
(completing a program of Chentsov), the quantum analogue of the (classically
unique) Fisher information (montone) metric of a probability simplex was
extended to define an uncountable infinitude of Riemannian (also monotone)
metrics on the set of positive definite density matrices. We pose here the
questions of what is the specific/unique Fisher information metric for the
(classically-defined) Husimi distributions and how does it relate to the
infinitude of (quantum) metrics over the density matrices of Petz and Sudar? We
find a highly proximate (small relative entropy) relationship between the
probability distribution (the quantum Jeffreys' prior) that yields quantum
universal data compression, and that which (following Clarke and Barron) gives
its classical counterpart. We also investigate the Fisher information metrics
corresponding to the escort Husimi, positive-P and certain Gaussian probability
distributions, as well as, in some sense, the discrete Wigner
pseudoprobability. The comparative noninformativity of prior probability
distributions -- recently studied by Srednicki (Phys. Rev. A 71, 052107 [2005])
-- formed by normalizing the volume elements of the various information
metrics, is also discussed in our context.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures, slight revisions, to appear in J. Math. Phy
An extended model of the quantum free-electron laser
Previous models of the quantum regime of operation of the Free Electron Laser
(QFEL) have performed an averaging and the application of periodic boundary
conditions to the coupled Maxwell - Schrodinger equations over short, resonant
wavelength intervals of the interaction. Here, an extended, one-dimensional
model of the QFEL interaction is presented in the absence of any such averaging
or application of periodic boundary conditions, the absence of the latter
allowing electron diffusion processes to be modeled throughout the pulse. The
model is used to investigate how both the steady-state (CW) and pulsed regimes
of QFEL operation are affected. In the steady-state regime it is found that the
electrons are confined to evolve as a 2-level system, similar to the previous
QFEL models. In the pulsed regime Coherent Spontaneous Emission (CSE) due to
the shape of the electron pulse current distribution is shown to be present in
the QFEL regime for the first time. However, unlike the classical case, CSE in
the QFEL is damped by the effects of quantum diffusion of the electron
wavefunction. Electron recoil from the QFEL interaction can also cause a
diffusive drift between the recoiled and non-recoiled parts of the electron
pulse wavefunction, effectively removing the recoiled part from the primary
electron-radiation interaction.Comment: Submitted to Optics Expres
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