Alcohol Advertisements on Social Media: A study of how alcohol advertisements on social media platforms appeal to young people

Underage drinking is not uncommon and is associated with a number of school, social, legal, emotional, behavioral, health problems, and even death. This research seeks to explore alcohol-related social media advertisements across a variety of alcohol types, alcohol brands, and social media platforms. This was accomplished by a content analysis of the most popular alcohol brands’ advertisements on the Internet that examined the strategies used to appeal to consumers and the overall content patterns and characteristics of online alcohol advertisements. The strategy used differed by brand and alcohol type, but the most common themes included “taste,” “seasonal,” “holiday,” “recipe,” and “joke/humor.” The themes that were known for targeting young people in the past were not found as much as expected in captions and pictures; however, brands may still be targeting young adults and teens; if so, they have taken a different approach and found less obvious strategies for doing so, possibly by using new themes such as memes and flavors. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, alcohol consumption in the United States has increased, social media use has increased, and underage drinking has likely increased; therefore, it is important that more research is conducted to better understand how these new popular themes are affecting young people

The Buzz Behind Alcohol Advertising: A study of how alcohol advertisements on social media impact behavior

Alcohol advertisements are known to be appealing and memorable, and several researchers have investigated what makes these advertisements so attractive. Several trends have emerged regarding the content within alcohol advertisements: themes of parties, celebration, and social success within television, magazines, and social media since the 1970s. Recently, several studies found that new themes in alcohol ads have been found to be popular, especially in social media advertisements (Campbell & Chung, 2022). The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) provides insight into why a person’s attitude could be more susceptible or why their behavior could be more easily influenced by certain types of alcohol marketing messages (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986). This thesis tested three different alcohol advertising message strategies (i.e., taste, humor, and influencer appeals) to see how each strategy affects consumer attitude and behavior, including the consumers’ inclination to drink or purchase alcohol and perceptions of drinking alcohol. Two of the most popular ad appeals- taste and joke/humor- along with “influencer marketing” were tested. Results showed that alcohol advertisements positively changed peoples’ perceptions and attitudes about drinking; without really changing their drinking intention. Influencer marketing and humor were not nearly as effective as the taste appeal at impacting behavior, indicating that the central route of appeals works best for alcohol advertisements from the ELM. Being a heavy social media user or a member of Greek Life increased the impact of these advertisements on behavior.Keywords: Alcohol, social media, advertisements, drinking, strategies

Failure on the Front Line: How the Americans With Disabilities Act should be Interpreted to Better Protect Persons in Mental Health Crisis from Fatal Police Shootings

This Note examines Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act’s (“Title II”) effectiveness at protecting persons experiencing mental illness from being fatally shot by police officers. Since its adoption in the 1990s, federal courts have interpreted the Americans with Disabilities Act to provide varying levels of protection to persons experiencing mental illness. While some courts have interpreted Title II to require that police officers provide reasonable accommodations for an individual’s mental illness when effectuating an arrest, others have held that any such accommodation would be unreasonable. Although not required by any court, police departments throughout the United States have adopted programs such as the Crisis Intervention Team (“CIT”) training model to train police officers on how to best respond during encounters with persons experiencing a mental illness or mental health crisis. Using data derived from the Washington Post’s Fatal Force Database and a record of existing CIT training programs, this Note analyzes the effectiveness of Title II and the CIT model at protecting persons in mental health crisis from fatal police shootings. In particular, this Note explores whether the application of Title II to arrests alone, the widespread implementation of CIT programs alone, or the application of Title II to arrests in jurisdictions that implement CIT programs best protects persons in mental health crisis from fatal police shootings

Higher Education and Reentry: The Gifts They Bring

This study explores the lived experiences of people with criminal justice histories as they attend and contemplate enrolling in college. The report highlights the journeys of these students and considers a number of important questions: What does it take for people with criminal justice histories to successfully transform the trajectory of their lives? What are the obstacles they face? What affirmative steps can we take to make our public and private colleges and universities more welcoming to this growing population of students

Pregnant women\u27s knowledge of weight, weight gain, complications of obesity and weight management strategies in pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasingly common in the obstetric population. Maternal obesity and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with increased perinatal risk. There is limited published data demonstrating the level of pregnant women's knowledge regarding these problems, their consequences and management strategies.We aimed to assess the level of knowledge of pregnant women regarding: (i) their own weight and body mass index (BMI) category, (ii) awareness of guidelines for GWG, (iii) concordance of women's own expectations with guidelines, (iv) knowledge of complications associated with excess GWG, and (v) knowledge of safe weight management strategies in pregnancy. METHODS: 364 pregnant women from a single center university hospital antenatal clinic were interviewed by an obstetric registrar. The women in this convenience sample were asked to identify their weight category, their understanding of the complications of obesity and excessive GWG in pregnancy and safe and/or effective weight management strategies in pregnancy. RESULTS: Nearly half (47.8%) of the study population were overweight or obese. 74% of obese women underestimated their BMI category. 64% of obese women and 40% of overweight women overestimated their recommended GWG. Women's knowledge of the specific risks associated with excess GWG or maternal obesity was poor. Women also reported many incorrect beliefs about safe weight management in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Many pregnant women have poor knowledge about obesity, GWG, their consequences and management strategies. Bridging this knowledge gap is an important step towards improving perinatal outcomes for all pregnant women, especially those who enter pregnancy overweight or obese

A single-cell platform for reconstituting and characterizing fatty acid elongase component enzymes

Fatty acids of more than 18-carbons, generally known as very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are essential for eukaryotic cell viability, and uniquely in terrestrial plants they are the precursors of the cuticular lipids that form the organism’s outer barrier to the environment. VLCFAs are synthesized by fatty acid elongase (FAE), which is an integral membrane enzyme system with multiple components. The genetic complexity of the FAE system, and its membrane association has hampered the biochemical characterization of FAE. In this study we computationally identified Zea mays genetic sequences that encode the enzymatic components of FAE and developed a heterologous expression system to evaluate their functionality. The ability of the maize components to genetically complement Saccharomyces cerevisiae lethal mutants confirmed the functionality of ZmKCS4, ZmELO1, ZmKCR1, ZmKCR2, ZmHCD and ZmECR, and the VLCFA profiles of the resulting strains were used to infer the ability of each enzyme component to determine the product profile of FAE. These characterizations indicate that the product profile of the FAE system is an attribute shared among the KCS, ELO, and KCR components of FAE

Natural Categorization: Electrophysiological Responses to Viewing Natural Versus Built Environments

Environments are unique in terms of structural composition and evoked human experience. Previous studies suggest that natural compared to built environments may increase positive emotions. Humans in natural environments also demonstrate greater performance on attention-based tasks. Few studies have investigated cortical mechanisms underlying these phenomena or probed these differences from a neural perspective. Using a temporally sensitive electrophysiological approach, we employ an event-related, implicit passive viewing task to demonstrate that in humans, a greater late positive potential (LPP) occurs with exposure to built than natural environments, resulting in a faster return of activation to pre-stimulus baseline levels when viewing natural environments. Our research thus provides new evidence suggesting natural environments are perceived differently from built environments, converging with previous behavioral findings and theoretical assumptions from environmental psychology

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta procesadora de fideos enriquecidos con maca

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the prefeasibility of the installation of a bottle producing plant from a biodegradable polymer, establishing its technical, economic, market and social viability, considering a great opportunity in plastics industry. We analyze the apparent internal demand and its behavior in recent years. Then, we apply the survey method for companies in order to obtain the demand for our project. Through location techniques such as the ranking factors and the Brown & Gibson method, we chose the right place for the location of our plant. We determine the size of the plant considering many factors to establish the minimum and maximum size. Subsequently, we made the analysis of the plant capacity, define the production process, choose the appropriate machinery for our project, define the quality and safety procedures, design our own supply chain and, finally, define the physical distribution of our project across the plane to corroborate the technical feasibility. The type of company to be established and the detailed organization chart of the staff and their functions within the company were also defined. Finally, we propose the economic and financial analysis of the project, having favorable results after evaluating the investment, loans, defining our budget and Financial Statements, analyzing the indicators and evaluating the ratios, as well as socially evaluating our project.La presente tesis sustenta el desarrollo de la implementación de una planta de fideos enriquecidos con maca para satisfacer una demanda determinada en el Perú. A través de trece capítulos se tocan distintos tópicos que soportan la hipótesis de la factibilidad de instauración de un negocio dedicado a la producción y venta de fideos enriquecidos con maca por el plazo de cinco años, que corresponde al horizonte del proyecto. En el primer capítulo llamado aspectos generales, se indican tanto los motivos como objetivos del presente proyecto. Además, se establecen la hipótesis y los marcos que encuadran los alcances de la tesis. En el siguiente capítulo, el estudio ilustra todo lo relacionado al estudio del mercado. Siendo lo más resaltante la segmentación del mercado y calculando la cuota del mercado a satisfacer. Adicionalmente, se identifica a los competidores del mercado y, a su vez, se determina las estrategias a tomar para llegar al mercado objetivo. El capítulo consecutivo nombrado localización de planta nos permite identificar tanto a nivel macro como a nivel micro, el lugar más idóneo para instalar la planta, basándonos en múltiples factores. En el capítulo sucesivo tamaño de planta, se decide la envergadura que debe tener la planta en base al elemento más apropiado de entre los factores mercado, recursos productivos, tecnología y punto de equilibrio. El quinto capítulo analiza lo relacionado a la ingeniería del proyecto tocando diferentes temas. Iniciando con el análisis y selección de la tecnología más adecuada para el tamaño de planta elegido. También, se expone el proceso de producción a detalle y sus características, el cálculo de flujo de materia en los procesos y la capacidad instalada. Asimismo, se establecen los componentes a tomar en cuenta para el resguardo de la calidad, medio ambiente, seguridad y salud y maquinaria, apegado a la normatividad peruana e internacional. Adicionalmente, se calcula los requerimientos de insumos, servicios y personal indirecto y, además, se calcula el tamaño y distribución de la planta. Siguiendo con la estructura, el sexto capítulo describe la composición de la organización tanto como las posiciones laborales como la formación de la misma. En el capítulo subsecuente llamado presupuesto y evaluación, se sustenta los diferentes gastos y costos que constituyen la inversión. En adición, se presentan los cuadros financieros y sus respetivas evaluaciones que afirman la factibilidad económica y financiera del proyecto, con VAN positiva y TIR por encima del COK. El capítulo contiguo evaluación social exhibe los beneficios y costos del proyecto, desde la perspectiva del bienestar social. Finalmente, los últimos cinco capítulos señalan las conclusiones y recomendaciones que derivan del proyecto, y las referencias, bibliografías y anexos usados a lo largo del presente estudio

Parvovirus B19 infection in sickle cell disease: An analysis from the Centers for Disease Control haemoglobinopathy blood surveillance project

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155921/1/tme12671_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155921/2/tme12671.pd

Adolescent obesity in the past decade: A systematic review of genetics and determinants of food choice

Background and purpose: As the incidence of global obesity increases, concerns about adverse health outcomes in adolescents continues to rise. The complexity and expense of this problem require early recognition and specific preventive treatments. Knowledge of genetics and determinants of food choices contributing to adolescent obesity warrants further examination. The primary goal was to appraise the literature from the past decade (2007–2017) on the current state of food choice and genetic determinants of adolescent overweight/obesity in the United States. The secondary goal was to determine trends in the literature and areas for future research. Methods: A systematic review of research studies in the United States from 2007 to 2017 was completed. Database searches were conducted using CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 535 studies were selected. Of these, 283 studies focused on determinants of food choices and 165 studies focused on genetic factors. Conclusions: A total of 41 full-text articles included in this literature review contained studies limited exclusively to adolescents. Stress factors related to food choices demonstrated a new trend being explored. The need for precision health, the application of genetic information, could uncover ways food choices affect adolescent obesity. Implications for practice: The etiology of adolescent obesity requires that nurses gain knowledge of genetics and food choice determinants to inform personalized treatments for adolescents, which may establish effective interventions that promote healthy weight achievement