Modelos poblacionales de dos sexos aplicados a especies poligínicas

En este trabajo revisamos un modelo poblacional de dos sexos enfocándolo en la relación entre demografía y estructura social para una especie poligínica. El modelo fue aplicado a la población de elefantes marinos del sur de Península Valdés, una población que muestra tendencias contrastantes en dos subunidades con distinta estructura social. Este enfoque provee un marco general que permite incluir variables sociales en la dinámica de poblaciones como una extensión del modelo lineal estándar y aporta una herramienta al análisis de la dinámica identificando las influencias relativas de cada sexo.We review a two-sex population model and focus on the link between demography and social structure in a polygynous species. The model was applied to the southern elephant seal population of Península Valdés, one that shows contrasting trends in two demographic subunits with distinct social structure. This approach provides a general framework to include social variables into population dynamics. This perspective extends the scope of standard lineal models and adds a tool that identifies the relative effect of changes in number of one sex on the population.Fil: Ferrari, Mariano Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unido

Los elefantes marinos de Península Valdés

Durante la primavera austral, la Península Valdés es el escenario de la masiva visita del elefante marino. Se trata de la temporada reproductiva. El recuento año tras año de este conjunto migrante es un trabajo arduo pero indispensable para conocer la dinámica de la población.Fil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Claudio. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unido

Demand-driven commercial whalewatching in Península Valdés (Patagonia): conservation implications for right whales

One of the largest remaining populations of the southern right whale, Eubalaena australis, breeds along the coast of Península Valdés, in Argentine Patagonia. The area offers excellent opportunities for whalewatching because it is possible, with predictability, to have close-up views of animals of all ages. During 11 years, from 1987 to 1997, more than 337,000 tourists took part in boat excursions to watch right whales. The demand increased during this period over 14 times from 5,214 tourists in 1987 to 73,726 in 1997. From 1991 to 1994, more than 8,000 boat trips were required to satisfy a demand of 125,000 people. Most whalewatching involved pregnant animals or mothers and calves that often attempted to avoid the boats. In 1997, whalewatching generated direct revenues of at least $US 1 million in boat fees, and direct plus indirect revenues of over$US 15 million (not including travel costs to Patagonia). The rapid growth of tourism in relation to whales has undisputed economic and public-awareness benefits but it is also raising concern about potentially detrimental effects on the animals. The lack of a management plan and of estimates of a tourist ‘carrying capacity’ allows customer demand to be the main driving force behind a commercial activity based on this vulnerable species.Fil: Rivarola, Mariana. Fundación Patagonia Natural; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Tagliorette, Alicia. Organismo Provincial de Turismo de Chubut; Argentin

Excellent intra and inter-observer reproducibility of wrist circumference measurements in obese children and adolescents

In a previous study, we found that wrist circumference, in particular its bone component,was associated with insulin resistance in a population of overweight/obese children. Theaim of the present study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-operator variability in wrist cir-cumference measurement in a population of obese children and adolescents. One hundredand two (54 male and 48 female) obese children and adolescents were consecutivelyenrolled. In all subjects wrist circumferences were measured by two different operators twotimes to assess intra- and inter-operator variability. Statistical analysis was performed usingSAS v.9.4 and JMP v.12. Measurements of wrist circumference showed excellent inter-operator reliability with Intra class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) of 0.96 and ICC of 0.97 forthe first and the second measurement, respectively. The intra-operator reliability was, also,very strong with a Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) of 0.98 for both operators.The high reproducibility demonstrated in our results suggests that wrist circumference mea-surement, being safe, non-invasive and repeatable can be easily used in out-patient set-tings to identify youths with increased risk of insulin-resistance. This can avoid testing theentire population of overweight/obese children for insulin resistance parameter

Flash and grab : deep-diving southern elephant seals trigger anti-predator flashes in bioluminescent prey

Funding: Fondation BNP Paribas; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Natural Environment Research Council; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions.Bioluminescence, which occurs in approximately 80% of the world's mesopelagic fauna, can take the form of a low-intensity continuous glow (e.g. for counter-illumination or signalling) or fast repetitions of brighter anti-predatory flashes. The southern elephant seal (SES) is a major consumer of mesopelagic organisms, in particular the abundant myctophid fish, yet the fine-scale relationship between this predator's foraging behaviour and bioluminescent prey remains poorly understood. We hypothesised that brief, intense light emissions should be closely connected with prey strikes when the seal is targeting bioluminescent prey that reacts by emitting anti-predator flashes. To test this, we developed a biologging device containing a fast-sampling light sensor together with location and movement sensors to measure simultaneously anti-predator bioluminescent emissions and the predator's attack motions with a 20 ms resolution. Tags were deployed on female SES breeding at Kerguelen Islands and Península Valdés, Argentina. In situ light levels in combination with duration of prey capture attempts indicated that seals were targeting a variety of prey types. For some individuals, bioluminescent flashes occurred in a large proportion of prey strikes, with the timing of flashes closely connected with the predator's attack motion, suggestive of anti-predator emissions. Marked differences across individuals and location indicate that SES do exploit bioluminescent organisms but the proportion of these in the diet varies widely with location. The combination of wideband light and acceleration data provides new insight into where and when different prey types are encountered and how effectively they might be captured.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Legal and institutional tools to mitigate plastic pollution affecting marine species: Argentina as a case study

Plastics are the most common form of debris found along the Argentine coastline. The Río de la Plata estuarine area is a relevant case study to describe a situation where ample policy exists against a backdrop of plastics disposed by populated coastal areas, industries, and vessels; with resultant high impacts of plastic pollution on marine turtles and mammals. Policy and institutions are in place but the impact remains due to ineffective waste management, limited public education and awareness, and weaknesses in enforcement of regulations. This context is frequently repeated all over the world. We list possible interventions to increase the effectiveness of policy that require integrating efforts among governments, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and the inhabitants of coastal cities to reduce the amount of plastics reaching the Río de la Plata and protect threatened marine species. What has been identified for Argentina applies to the region and globally.Fil: González Carman, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Machain, Natalia. Asociación Civil Naturaleza, Economía y Política Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Campagna, Claudio. Wildlife Conservation Society; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

GADA titer-related risk for organ-specific autoimmunity in LADA subjects subdivided according to gender (NIRAD study 6).

CONTEXT: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) includes a heterogeneous population wherein, based on glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titer, different subgroups of subjects can be identified. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate GADA titer-related risk for β-cell and other organ-specific autoimmunity in LADA subjects. METHODS: Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes subjects (n=236) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects (n=450) were characterized for protein tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2IC and IA-2(256-760)), zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), thyroid peroxidase, (TPO), steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), and antiparietal cell (APC) antibodies. RESULTS: High GADA titer compared to low GADA titer showed a significantly higher prevalence of IA-2IC, IA-2(256-760), ZnT8, TPO, and APC antibodies (P≤0.04 for all comparison). 21-OH antibodies were detected in 3.4% of high GADA titer. A significant decreasing trend was observed from high GADA to low GADA and to T2DM subjects for IA-2(256-760), ZnT8, TPO, tTG, and APC antibodies (P for trend≤0.001). TPO was the only antibody showing a different prevalence between gender; low GADA titer and T2DM female patients had a higher frequency of TPO antibody compared to males (P=0.0004 and P=0.0006, respectively), where the presence of high GADA titer conferred an odds ratio of 8.6 for TPO compared to low GADA titer. After subdividing high and low GADA titer subjects according to the number of antibodies, we observed that 73.3% of high GADA titer subjects were positive for at least one or more antibodies, compared to 38.3% of low GADA titer (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In LADA subjects, high GADA titer was associated with a profile of more severe autoimmunity and, in male gender, specifically predisposed to thyroid autoimmunity. A regular screening for other antibodies is recommended in LADA patients according to GADA titer and gender

La transversalidad de la ética en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Económicas

Mainstreaming in teaching ethics is the core objective of the present project considering the career of public accountant, together with the recognition of values from the philosophical and theological order to establish the feasibility of transmission of ethical values in the classroom and determine their added value for students. It is therefore necessary to identify the variables that influence professional codes of ethics, and analyze whether they reach to promote conduct that meet the expectations of today’s organizations and communities. This paper proposes consideration of principles of conduct that include professional performance oriented sustainable development, including respect for man and the environment within a framework of integrity in personal and professional performance contexts. In this period we have especially considered the implication that ethics has not only for classroom space but rather to the whole university. Teaching ethics is unthinkable without a strong commitment to organizational level also. New reflections on the subject at the international level, progress on understanding no longer an isolated subject, but to a university ethically compromised. In this regard, we have again laying a foundation which involves thinking ethically, but updated in organization view. On the other hand, we have reflected the importance that have the value as new paradigms of academic teaching. Finally, we have seen how the university ethical commitment is anorder of the magisterium of the Church, especially the Latin American and Francis himself, then stop in the fundamental importance of positive leadership as a tool for social change and commitment. Awakening that interest, it is the task not only of teachers of ethics, but for the academia in general. With this approach, we have held meetings with teachers in the area of accounting to promote mainstreaming of teaching ethics in undergraduate courses. We hope from the experience observed during the next school year to approach a model of courtly work that contributes to the quality ofeducation based on values.La transversalidad en la enseñanza de la ética, junto con el reconocimiento de valores, es el principal objetivo del presente proyecto, orientado la carrera de Contador Público. La finalidad es establecerl a viabilidad de la transmisión de valores éticos en el aula y determinar el valor agregado para los alumnos. Para ello, es necesario identificar las variables que influyen en los códigos de ética profesional, y analizar si alcanzan para impulsar una conducta que responda a las expectativas de las organizaciones y de las comunidades actuales. Este trabajo propone la consideración de principios de conducta que contemplen la actuación profesional en contextos orientados hacia el desarrollo sustentable, que incluyen respeto por el hombre y por el ambiente en un marco de integridad en el desempeño personal y profesional, ambiental y de gobernabilidad. En este período hemos ahondado especialmente en la consideración de la implicancia que la ética reviste no solo para espacio áulico sino, antes bien, para la universidad toda. Es impensado enseñar ética si esto no reviste de un fuerte compromiso a nivel también organizacional. Las nuevas reflexiones en la materia, a nivel internacional, avanzan sobre la comprensión no ya de una asignatura aislada, sino hacia una universidad éticamente comprometida. En este sentido, hemos vuelto a sentar las bases sobre qué implica pensar éticamente, pero actualizadas en vista a las organizaciones. Por otro lado, hemos reflexionado sobre la importancia que poseen los valores como nuevos paradigmas de la enseñanza académica. Por último, hemos visto cómo el compromiso ético-universitario es un pedido del magisterio de la Iglesia, especialmente del latinoamericano y del mismo Francisco, para luego detenernos en la fundamental importancia del liderazgo positivo como herramienta de cambio y compromiso social. Despertar ese interés es tarea no solo de los docentes de ética, sino de todos los que hacen al ámbito académico. Con este enfoque, hemos realizado encuentros con docentes del área de Contabilidad para impulsar la transversalidad de la enseñanza de la ética en los cursos de grado. Esperamos, a partir de la experiencia que se observe durante el próximo ciclo lectivo, poder aproximarnos a un modelo de trabajo áulico que contribuya a la calidad de la enseñanza basada en valores

Longitudinal virological and immunological profile in a case of human monkeypox infection

In a male with severe proctitis, monkeypox virus DNA was detected in skin lesions, blood, nasopharynx, and rectum, underlying the generalized viral spreading. Rectal involvement was still found when skin lesions disappeared. At the early-stage, increase of cytotoxic and activated T-cells, while reduction of CD56dimCD57+NK cells compared to recovery time-point was observed