Assessment of sleep disorders and proposed percentiles for adolescents

Objectives. The objectives of this study included: a) to develop a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument to assess sleep disorders among Chilean adolescent students and b) to develop percentiles for age and sex. Methodology. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in 2310 adolescent students conducted in the Maule Region, Chile. The sleep disorder self-report was developed considering five categories: duration, alterations, breathing problems, fatigue, and stimulant use. The instrument was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency. Percentiles were developed using the LMS method (L: lambda, asymmetry; M: mu, median; S: sigma, coefficient of variation). Results. Questions 3, 9, and 12 showed saturation values below 0.40, while the rest had saturation values above 0.41. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of adequacy was 0.749 and the test of sphericity X-2 was 4790.09; the percentage of variance accounted for 62.1 %. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.71 and 0.76. Conclusion. The self-report developed to measure sleep disorders in adolescents is valid and reliable for its use in health, education, and sports science programs. Percentiles should be used to identify normal patterns and/or sleep disorders by sex and age.1172738

Muscle strength and body fat percentage in children and adolescents from the Maule region, Chile

To analyze the association between relative handgrip strength (RHGS) and fat mass (FM) after controlling for the potential effect of maturity status. Methodology. Both male and female children and adolescents aged ≥ 7.5 to ≤ 15.49 years were studied. RHGS was assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. FM percentage was established using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Age and sex differences in RHGS levels between normal weight and obese participants were studied with an analysis of covariance. A covariate was years from peak height velocity (maturity status). The association between RHGS and FM levels was analyzed using a partial correlation and controlling for age at peak height velocity. Results. A total of 1685 students (731 girls and 954 boys) participated. Four age groups were established (7.5-9.4 years, 9.5-11.4 years, 11.5- 13.4 years, and 13.5-15.4 years). RHGS increased with age in both males and females. FM values were high in all age groups. No differences were observed in groups 3 and 4 among girls or in group 4 among boys. Participants classified as normal weight showed a significantly higher RHGS than their obese peers. A negative association was noted between RHGS and FMinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Predictores de los Indicadores de adiposidad corporal por edad cronológica y biológica en niños y adolescentes que residen en el sur de Chile

Introduction: The aims of this study were to identify the skin folds that predict the indicators of body adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI] and waist circumference [CC]), as well as to analyze if the indicators of body adiposity should be evaluated by chronological and/or biological age.Material and Methods: 131 children and adolescents (76 men and 55 women) were studied. The age range ranged between 6.0 and 14.9 years. Weight, standing height, sitting height, waist circumference were evaluated. The BMI and the peak growth rate years were calculated. The nutritional status categories were determined by BMI and CC according to the cut-off points of the CDC-2012.Results: The four folds used (tricipital, bicipital, suprailiac and calf) explained the BMI from 38 to 58% in men and women from 38 to 72%. The power of explanation for CC in men was 30 to 56% and in women from 27 to 53%. The chronological age explained the BMI and CC in men from 0.08 to 37% and in women from 15 to 17%. The biological age explained BMI and CC in men from 11 to 44% and in women from 21 to 24%.Conclusions: The suprailiac fold appears as the best predictor of BMI and CC in both sexes. The analysis of both indicators must be carried out by biological age rather than by chronological age.Introducción: Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron identificar los pliegues cutáneos que predicen los indicadores de adiposidad corporal (Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura [CC]), así como analizar si los indicadores de adiposidad corporal deben ser evaluados por edad cronológica y/o biológica.Material y Métodos: Se estudió a 131 niños y adolescentes (76 hombres y 55 mujeres). El rango de edad osciló entre 6,0 hasta 14,9 años. Se evaluó el peso, estatura de pie, estatura sentada, circunferencia de la cintura. Se calculó el IMC y los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento. Se determinaron las categorías del estado nutricional por IMC y CC de acuerdo a los puntos de corte del CDC-2012.Resultados: Los cuatro pliegues utilizados (tricipital, bicipital, suprailíaco y pantorrilla) explicaron el IMC desde 38 a 58% en hombres y en mujeres desde 38 a 72%. El poder de explicación para la CC en hombres fue de 30 a 56% y en mujeres desde 27 a 53%. La edad cronológica explicó el IMC y la CC en hombres desde 0,08 a 37% y en mujeres desde 15 a 17%. La edad biológica explicó el IMC y CC en hombres desde 11 a 44% y en mujeres desde 21 a 24%.Conclusiones: El pliegue suprailíaco se perfila como el mejor predictor del IMC y la CC en ambos sexos. El análisis de ambos indicadores debe ser efectuado por edad biológica antes que por edad cronológica

Enfoque teórico del crecimiento físico de niños y adolescentes

According to their genetic potential, biological characteristics and environmental factors, the study of physical growth allows us to understand the variability of this process in humans. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors could affect the normal process of physical growth, which are studied through different types of research, becoming an interesting subject for professionals in the health sciences. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting physical growth and describe the types of research (transverse, longitudinal and ex post facto) used in the study of physical growth. Intrinsic factors, environmental factors and the interaction between them should be studied in diverse population prioritizing the potential factors affecting physical growth of children and adolescents. This will diagnose, classify and monitor physical growth versus time (transverse and longitudinal) and retrospectively (ex post facto). Consequently, the possibility for researchers and/or private and government institutions arises to promote validated anthropometric studies, helping to implement effective health policies for various purposes such as excess weight control in childhood and other disease entities related nutrition.El estudio del crecimiento físico permite comprender la variabilidad de este proceso en el ser humano de acuerdo con su potencial genético, características biológicas y factores ambientales. Factores extrínsecos como intrínsecos, podrían afectar el normal proceso de crecimiento físico, los que son estudiados a través de diferentes tipos de investigaciones, constituyéndose en una interesante temática para los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los factores que afectan el crecimiento físico y describir los tipos de investigación transversal, longitudinal y ex post facto utilizados en el estudio del crecimiento físico. Los factores intrínsecos, medioambientales y la interacción entre ambos, deberían ser abordados en diversas poblaciones, priorizando los posibles factores que afectan al crecimiento físico de niños y adolescentes. Esto permitirá diagnosticar, clasificar y monitorizar el crecimiento físico en función del tiempo (transversal y longitudinal) y retrospectiva (ex post facto); consecuentemente surgirá la posibilidad para que investigadores y/o instituciones privadas y gubernamentales promuevan la realización de estudios antropométricos validados que puedan contribuir a ejercer políticas sanitarias eficaces, para diversos fines como son el exceso de peso en la edad infantil y otras entidades nosológicas relacionadas con la nutrición

Relationship between body fat and aerobic fitness in adolescents from the Island of Santiago (Cape Verde)

El exceso de adiposidad corporal, general-mente se considera como un factor negativo en el rendi-miento físico.Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de adiposidad corporal yaptitud aeróbica con estudios referenciales y verificar la re-lación entre adiposidad corporal con la aptitud aeróbica deadolescentes. Material y Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivocomparativo-correlacional. Fueron estudiados 113 adolescen-tes con un rango de edad entre 12,0 a 16,9 años (89 hom-bres y 113 mujeres). Se evaluó el peso, la estatura, circunfe-rencia de la cintura CC y la aptitud aeróbica (AA) por mediode la prueba de la Milla. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal(IMC) y VO2max (ml/kg/min-1). Resultados: En los hombres, los valores del IMC son infe-riores desde -11.60 a -13.50kg/m2, en la CC desde -9,80 a -15,90cm. En las mujeres, el IMC es inferior desde -3.90 a -5.20kg/m2 y en la CC desde -2,40 a -5,40cm. En la AA, el VO2maxfue superior a la referencia, en hombres los valores oscilan en-tre 4,20 a 9,50 ml/kg/min y en mujeres oscilaron desde 3,90 a5,60ml/kg/min. Las correlaciones entre IMC y CC con VO2maxen hombres fueron negativas (r= -0,62 a -0,58; p<0,001) y enmujeres fue de (r= -0,83 a -0,81; p<0,001). Se verificó que losadolescentes clasificados con exceso de peso presentaron va-lores inferiores de AA en relación a los normopeso y bajo peso.Esto indica que los adolescentes deben reflejar valores de adi-posidad aceptables, no solo para mantener adecuadamente suestado nutricional, sino también para mejorar su capacidadcardiorespiratoria.Conclusión: Los parámetros de adiposidad corporal fue-ron inferiores y los niveles de AE fueron superiores en com-paración con sus respectivas referencias. Además, se observóque la AE se asocia inversamente con los indicadores de adi-posidad corporal en adolescentes de ambos sexos.Excess body fat is generally considered to be a negative factor in physical performance. Objective: To compare the levels of body fat and aerobic fitness with reference studies and to verify the relationship between body fat and aerobic fitness in adolescents. A descriptive comparative-correlational study was carried out. A total of 113 adolescents were studied, ranging in age from 12.0 to 16.9 years old (89 males and 113 females). Weight, height, CC waist circumference and aerobic fitness (AA) were evaluated by means of the Mile test. Body Mass Index (BMI) and VO2max (ml/kg/min-1) were calculated. In men, BMI values are lower from -11.60 to -13.50kg/m2, in the CC from -9.80 to -15.90cm. In women, BMI is lower from -3.90 to -5.20 kg/m2 and in the CC from -2.40 to -5.40cm. In the AA, the VO2max was higher than the reference, in men the values ranged from 4.20 to 9.50 ml/kg/min and in women they ranged from 3.90 to 5.60 ml/kg/min. Correlations between BMI and CC with VO2max in men were negative (r= -0.62 to -0.58; p<0.001) and in women it was (r= -0.83 to -0.81; p<0.001). It was verified that adolescents classified as overweight presented lower values of AA in relation to normopause and underweight. This indicates that adolescents should reflect acceptable adiposity values, not only to adequately maintain their nutritional status, but also to improve their cardiorespiratory capacity. Conclusion: Body adiposity parameters were lower and EC levels were higher compared to their respective references. Furthermore, it was observed that EC is inversely associated with body fat indicators in adolescents of both sexes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reference norms for evaluating maximum expiratory flow of children and adolescents of the Maule Region in Chile

Background The norms for evaluating the maximum expiratory flow (MEF) usually are developed according to chronological age and height. However, to date, little research has been conducted using reference values that take into account the temporal changes of biological maturation. The objectives of this study were to (a) compare the MEF with those of other international studies, (b) align the MEF values with chronological and biological age, and (c) propose reference standards for children and adolescents. Methods The sample studied consisted of 3,566 students of both sexes (1,933 males and 1,633 females) ranging in age from 5.0 to 17.9 years old. Weight, standing height, and sitting height were measured. Body mass index was calculated. Biological maturation was predicted by using age of peak height velocity growth (APHV). MEF (L/min) was obtained by using a forced expiratory manoeuvre. Percentiles were calculated using the LMS method. Results and Discussion Predicted APHV was at age 14.77 ± 0.78 years for males and for females at age 12.74 ± 1.0 years. Biological age was more useful than chronological age for assessing MEF in both sexes. Based on these findings, regional percentiles were created to diagnose and monitor the risk of asthma and the general expiratory status of paediatric populations

Down Syndrome: Systematic Review of Studies Carried out in Chile

The objective of the study was to identify the types of studies and the most investigated topics in the population with Down syndrome in Chile and to describe the type of sample used and the age range during the period from 2011 to 2020. A documentary study was carried out (systematic review). The Scopus database was used to search for information. The key words used were: Down Syndrome and Chile. The period was 2011 to 2020. The information was recorded on an observation sheet. Thirty studies were identified. A total of 56,7 % (n = 17) were descriptive (cross-sectional) studies, 10,0 % (n = 3) were experimental studies. The study topics mostly cover social issues (8 studies) and anthropometric aspects (7 studies), followed by physiological, psychological, hematological, biomechanical, prenatal tests and sleep disorders. The age range of the sample used by the studies ranges from prenatal to 28 years and the sample size ranges from one to 1922 participants. The results of the study suggest the urgent need to develop experimental and longitudinal studies, the inclusion of middle-aged and older adults, as well as prenatal samples, to explore issues related to physiological, psychological, hematological, biomechanical variables and prenatal diagnostic tests, since they are relevant to the independence and autonomy of people with Down syndrome.El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los tipos de estudios y las temáticas más investigadas en población con síndrome de Down en Chile y describir el tipo de muestra utilizada y el rango de edad durante el periodo de 2011 a 2020. Se efectuó un estudio documental (revisión sistemática). Se utilizó la base de datos Scopus para la búsqueda de información. Las palabras claves utilizadas fueron: Síndrome de Down y Chile. El periodo fue 2011 a 2020. La información se registró en una ficha de observación. Se identificaron 30 estudios. El 56,7 % (n = 17) son estudios descriptivos (transversales), el 10,0 % (n = 3) experimentales. Las temáticas de estudio en su mayoría abarcan temáticas sociales (8 estudios) y aspectos antropométricos (7 estudios), seguidas de variables fisiológicas, psicológicas, hematológicas, biomecánicas, pruebas prenatales y trastornos del sueño. El rango de edad de la muestra que utilizan los estudios va desde la etapa prenatal hasta 28 años y el tamaño de la muestra va desde uno hasta 1922 participantes. Los resultados del estudio sugieren la necesidad urgente de desarrollar estudios experimentales y longitudinales, la inclusión de adultos de edad media y avanzada, así como muestras en periodo prenatal, que permitan explorar temáticas relacionadas con variables fisiológicas, psicológicas, hematológicas, biomecánicas y pruebas de diagnóstico prenatal, puesto que son relevantes para la independencia y autonomía de las personas con síndrome de Down

Tipos de confiabilidad de la prueba de coordinación motora gruesa KTK para niños y adolescentes: Una revisión sistemática

The Körperkoordinationstest für kinder (KTK) is of great use in the field of physical education, rehabilitation and sports science. Its application involves rigorous control in terms of reliability. This review verifies the types of reliability used. The Pubmed database was used, including studies from the period 2016 to 2020. The keywords used were: motor coordination, motor competence, KTK, children, reliability. Ten cross-sectional studies were selected. The age ranges and sample size ranged from 4 to 14 years old and includes a sample size from 64 to 3738. Of the 10 studies, 2 used three reliability criteria (stability, equivalence, and internal consistency), 3 used measures of stability, and 4 used measures of equivalence. The reported stability measures ranged from 0.60 to 0.99, equivalence measures from 0.75 to 0.99, and internal consistency measures from 0.95. In conclusion, it was verified that the cross-sectional studies evaluating the KTK tests were generally conducted on children of both genders and applied in age ranges from 4 to 14 years old as suggested by the original proposal and the types of reliability used varied among the studies from moderate to excellent.La prueba Körperkoordinationstest für kinder (KTK) es de gran utilidad en el ámbito de la educación física, rehabilitación y en ciencias del deporte. Su aplicación implica el control riguroso en términos de confiabilidad. Esta revisión verifica los tipos de confiabilidad utilizados. Se utilizó la base de datos Pubmed, incluyendo estudios del periodo 2016 hasta 2020. Se utilizó las palabras clave: coordinación motora, competencia motora, KTK, niños, confiabilidad. Se seleccionó 10 estudios transversales. Los rangos de edad y el tamaño de la muestra oscilaron entre 4 hasta los 14 años e incluye un tamaño de muestra desde 64 hasta 3738. De los 10 estudios, 2 han utilizado tres criterios de confiabilidad (estabilidad, equivalencia y consistencia interna), 3 utilizaron medidas de estabilidad, y 4 de equivalencia. Las medidas de estabilidad reportadas varían de 0,60 a 0,99, las medidas de equivalencia desde 0,75 a 0,99 y por medio de consistencia interna 0,95. En conclusión, se verificó que los estudios trasversales que evalúan las pruebas de KTK fueron realizadas por lo general en niños de ambos géneros y aplicados en rangos de edad desde los 4 hasta los 14 años como lo sugiere la propuesta original y los tipos de confiabilidad utilizados variaron entre los estudios desde moderado hasta excelente

Predictores de los Indicadores de adiposidad corporal por edad cronológica y biológica en niños y adolescentes que residen en el sur de Chile

Introduction: The aims of this study were to identify the skin folds that predict the indicators of body adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI] and waist circumference [CC]), as well as to analyze if the indicators of body adiposity should be evaluated by chronological and/or biological age. Material and Methods: 131 children and adolescents (76 men and 55 women) were studied. The age range ranged between 6.0 and 14.9 years. Weight, standing height, sitting height, waist circumference were evaluated. The BMI and the peak growth rate years were calculated. The nutritional status categories were determined by BMI and CC according to the cut-off points of the CDC-2012. Results: The four folds used (tricipital, bicipital, suprailiac and calf) explained the BMI from 38 to 58% in men and women from 38 to 72%. The power of explanation for CC in men was 30 to 56% and in women from 27 to 53%. The chronological age explained the BMI and CC in men from 0.08 to 37% and in women from 15 to 17%. The biological age explained BMI and CC in men from 11 to 44% and in women from 21 to 24%. Conclusions: The suprailiac fold appears as the best predictor of BMI and CC in both sexes. The analysis of both indicators must be carried out by biological age rather than by chronological ageIntroducción: Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron identificar los pliegues cutáneos que predicen los indicadores de adiposidad corporal (Índice de Masa Corporal [IMC] y circunferencia de la cintura [CC]), así como analizar si los indicadores de adiposidad corporal deben ser evaluados por edad cronológica y/o biológica. Material y Métodos: Se estudió a 131 niños y adolescentes (76 hombres y 55 mujeres). El rango de edad osciló entre 6,0 hasta 14,9 años. Se evaluó el peso, estatura de pie, estatura sentada, circunferencia de la cintura. Se calculó el IMC y los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento. Se determinaron las categorías del estado nutricional por IMC y CC de acuerdo a los puntos de corte del CDC-2012. Resultados: Los cuatro pliegues utilizados (tricipital, bicipital, suprailíaco y pantorrilla) explicaron el IMC desde 38 a 58% en hombres y en mujeres desde 38 a 72%. El poder de explicación para la CC en hombres fue de 30 a 56% y en mujeres desde 27 a 53%. La edad cronológica explicó el IMC y la CC en hombres desde 0,08 a 37% y en mujeres desde 15 a 17%. La edad biológica explicó el IMC y CC en hombres desde 11 a 44% y en mujeres desde 21 a 24%. Conclusiones: El pliegue suprailíaco se perfila como el mejor predictor del IMC y la CC en ambos sexos. El análisis de ambos indicadores debe ser efectuado por edad biológica antes que por edad cronológica

Development of equations and proposed reference values to estimate body fat mass among Chilean children and adolescents

The assessment of body composition is relevant to establish nutritional status and identify potential health risks. a) To develop regression equations to predict fat mass (FM) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as reference method; b) to propose reference FM values based on chronological and biological age for Chilean children and adolescents. Cross-sectional study in children and adolescents aged 5.0 to 18.9 years from the Maule Region (Chile). The sample was made up of 3593 subjects in a probabilistic fashion (stratified). Subjects' weight, standing height, sitting height, and waist circumference were assessed. Body mass index and age at peak development velocity (APGV) were estimated. Body composition (FM, fat-free mass, bone mass, and fat percentage) were established based on a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. APGV (biological age) was 14.9 ± 0.9 years among boys and 11.5 ± 0.7 among girls. Equations were developed to estimate FM among boys and girls using chronological age, APGV, and waist circumference as predictors. Percentiles were estimated to assess FM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and regression equations. Equations were acceptable to establish FM; in addition, reference values were proposed to assess FM based on chronological and biological age.115545346