Lucha de civilizaciones: La integración de los musulmanes en occidente

Este trabajo muestra un análisis actual de las publicaciones científicas relacionadas con la integración de los musulmanes, nutrido mediante artículos extraídos de WOS, Scopus o Latindex. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en 36 investigaciones comprendidas entre 1987 y 2017, donde se destacaron las ideas e hipótesis más importantes de los autores vinculadas con la actual crisis global entre la cultura occidental y la musulmana. Los resultados fueron adquiridos mediante filtración de palabras claves, según frecuencia e importancia. This work shows a current analysis of the scientific publications related to the integration of Muslims, nourished by articles extracted from WOS, Scopus or Latindex. For this, a bibliometric search was carried out in 36 investigations between 1987 and 2017, highlighting the most important ideas and hypotheses of the authors related to the current global crisis between Western and Muslim culture. The results were acquired by filtering keywords according to frequency and importance

Tecnologías de la comunicación versus integración cultural : análisis reflexivo de la demonización y la polarización del discurso mediático sobre la cultura musulmana en occidente

La diáspora existente durante la última década de musulmanes y la complejidad gubernamental para la aculturación de estos se ha convertido en una falta de identidad de las segundas y terceras generaciones de los mismos individuos. Estas circunstancias se interpretan como un conflicto entre cultura dominadora (país receptor) y cultura heredada (proveniente de los padres), llevando al sujeto a un estado de rebeldía frente a la identidad nacional. El vacío circunstancial está siendo aprovechado por el incipiente fundamentalismo proveniente de Oriente, que ha hecho de las tecnologías de la comunicación una herramienta para reclutar a estas generaciones perdidas en Occidente. La Worl Wide Web ha pasado a ser un arma de doble filo para la sociedad occidental con respecto a los yihadistas, utilizando la falta de barreras y escasez de seguridad en la red como canal informativo a la hora de acometer ciberterrorismo y difundir la barbarie a través de videos. William Lind (1989) en The changing face of war: In to the fourth generation ya predijo la importancia de las TIC en los conflictos venideros: «Las operaciones psicológicas llegarán a ser el arma dominante en la forma de intervención en los medios de comunicación y a través de las TIC (…). Los adversarios de la cuarta generación de guerra manipularán los medios para alterar la opinión pública mundial y local para doblegar la voluntad de lucha». Estamos ante una nueva forma de terrorismo sin parangón, con dificultades añadidas por la falta de fronteras físicas en lo digital, y la formación de un grupo terrorista profesional con un gran conocimiento de las TIC y de su manipulación. Todas estas características se traducen en un estado de tensión constante frente al emigrante musulmán, circunstancia trasladada al aumento de partidos xenófobos y a un prejuicio discriminatorio que puede hacer de la integración de los mismos un tema tabú para las futuras sociedades occidentales

Bioactive imidamide-based compounds targeted against nitric oxide synthase

The selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has become an interesting goal for the treatment of diseases where the immune and inflammatory response of the organism is involved. Septic shock is one prominent example of this type of affections. In this paper, the design and synthesis of twelve substituted pyridinyl- imidamide derivatives is described, together with their biological evaluation as NOS inhibitors. The most potent and selective compound was N-(3-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-3-yl)propyl)acetimidamide 9a (IC50 = 4.6 µM, against iNOS). Pharmacological assays in aortic rat tissue, have confirmed its inhibitory activity on iNOS and the absence of undesired cardicovascular effects. In silico analysis of the most promising compounds (9a, 9b, 9e and 9g) have predicted good drug-likeness properties. Furthermore, they have shown an adequate cell viability. Docking studies carried out on 9a suggest a particular binding mode that involves the essential residue Glu377, and might explain its iNOS selectivity. From a chemical point of view, the article describes an unusual cyclization to obtain pyridinyl-pyrimidine derivatives with high yield.Centro de Supercomputación de la Universidad de Granada (CSIRC)Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CV) y Ministerio de Economía y competitividad (MINECO) (SAF2017-84894-R y PID2020-116347RB-100)Biblioteca de la Universidad de Granad

2D self-assembly of o-OPE foldamers for chiroptical barcoding

We report on the preparation and characterization of two dimensional (2D) films of (S,S,P)-1 and (R,R,M)-1ortho-oligophenylene ethylene (o-OPE) enantiomers presenting high values of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The amphiphilic character of these two molecules allows a precise 2D self-assembly at the air/water interface and an efficient transfer onto a glass solid support. The morphological and chiroptical characterization of the solid supports after the transfer of 1, 8, 16 and 32 Langmuir films of (S,S,P)-1 and (R,R,M)-1 has been carried out. The strong chiroptical values of these monomers allow reliable ECD measurements to be obtained after a single transfer, with ECD values increasing as the number of transferred films increases. The semi-liquid behavior of the monomers on the solid substrate allows CPL measurements free of photoselection artifacts that show values similar to those obtained in solution and independent of monomer concentration. All these properties have allowed us to develop the first simple organic molecule (SOM)-based chiroptical barcoding presenting positive and negative regions as a proof of concept

Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory factors on admission associated with COVID19 mortality in hospitalized patients: A retrospective observational study

Background To identify and quantify associations between baseline characteristics on hospital admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Spain. Methods and findings This retrospective case series included 238 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at Hospital Universitario Clı´nico San Cecilio (Granada, Spain) who were discharged or who died. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain information on sex, age, personal antecedents, clinical features, findings on physical examination, and laboratory results for each patient. Associations between mortality and baseline characteristics were estimated as hazard ratios (HR) calculated with Cox regression models. Series mortality was 25.6%. Among patients with dependence for basic activities of daily living, 78.7% died, and among patients residing in retirement homes, 80.8% died. The variables most clearly associated with a greater hazard of death were age (3% HR increase per 1-year increase in age; 95%CI 1–6), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.42, 95%CI 1.43–4.09), SatO2/ FiO2 ratio (43% HR reduction per 1-point increase; 95%CI 23–57), SOFA score (19% HR increase per 1-point increase, 95%CI 5–34) and CURB-65 score (76% HR increase per 1- point increase, 95%CI 23–143). Conclusions The patients residing in retirement homes showed great vulnerability. The main baseline factors that were independently associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were older age, diabetes mellitus, low SatO2/FiO2 ratio, and high SOFA and CURB-65 scores.Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER)Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granad

Efficacy and safety of a booster dose of influenza vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients, TRANSGRIPE 1-2: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Despite administration of annual influenza vaccination, influenza-associated complications in transplant recipients continue to be an important cause of hospitalization and death. Although influenza vaccination has been proven to be the most effective measure to reduce influenza infection after transplantation, transplant recipients are still vulnerable to influenza infections, with lower serological responses to vaccination compared to the general population. In order to assess the efficacy and safety of an alternative immunization scheme for solid organ transplant recipients, the TRANSGRIPE1-2 Study Group aimed to test a booster dose administration 5 weeks after the standard vaccination. The primary objective of this trial was to compare short-term and long-term neutralizing antibody immunogenicity of a booster dose of influenza vaccination to the standard single-dose immunization scheme. Secondary objectives included the evaluation of the efficacy and/or safety, cellular immune response, incidence of influenza infection, graft rejection, retransplant and mortality rates. METHODS/DESIGN: This phase III, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial was conducted between October 2012 and December 2013 in 12 Spanish public referral hospitals. Solid organ transplant recipients (liver, kidney, heart or lung), older than 16 years of age more than 30 days after transplantation were eligible to participate. Patients (N = 514) were stratified 1:1 by center, type of organ and time after transplantation and who either received the standard single dose (n = 257) or were treated according to a novel influenza vaccination schedule comprising the administration of a booster dose 5 weeks after standard vaccination (n = 254). Seroconversion rates were measured as a determinant of protection against influenza (main outcome). Efficacy and safety outcomes were followed until 1 year after influenza vaccination with assessment of short-term (0, 5, 10 and 15 weeks) and long-term (12 months) results. Intention-to-treat, per-protocol and safety analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION: This trial will increase knowledge about the safety and efficacy of a booster dose of influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients. At the time the manuscript was submitted for publication, trial recruitment was closed with a total of 499 participants included during a 2-month period (within the seasonal influenza vaccination campaign). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01761435 (registered 13 December 2012). EudraCT Identifier: 2011-003243-21 (registered 4 July 2011)