Desarrollo comunitario

El término “Desarrollo comunitario” precisa de una aclaración conceptual, pues existe una notable ambigüedad en su significado, como puede verse al analizar el recorrido histórico y el significado distinto que se ha dado a ambos términos (desarrollo y comunidad). Esas precisiones nos permiten definir el desarrollo comunitario como un método de intervención que incorpora a todos los agentes que conforman la comunidad, estableciendo procesos de participación y articulación entre la población y las instituciones que, potenciando un proceso pedagógico y las capacidades participativas de los actores y de las estructuras mediadoras, permita alcanzar unos objetivos comunes y predeterminados para mejorar las condiciones económicas, sociales y culturales de las comunidades, y cuyos resultados puedan ser evaluados de forma continuada. Ese enfoque choca con la práctica habitual de lo que se entiende por intervenciones comunitarias, realizadas como respuesta de urgencia para responder a situaciones de deterioro social y convivencial, que buscan intervenciones efectivas en cortos periodos de tiempo, en abierta contradicción con su condición de procesos pedagógicos y dinámicos siempre abiertos, que deberían trabajarse desde la perspectiva de la prevención de las problemáticas sociales a más largo plazo. Palabras clave: Desarrollo, comunidad, acción integral, participación social, calidad de vida, democracia, autoaprendizaje. Abstract: The term "Community development" requires a conceptual clarification, as there is considerable ambiguity in its meaning, as shown by analyzing the historical route and the different meaning that is given to both terms (community and development). These details allow us to define community development as an intervention method that incorporates all the players that make up the community, establishing processes of participation and coordination between people and institutions, promoting an educational process and participatory capacities of actors and mediating structures in order to achieve common goals and default to improve the economic, social and cultural communities, and whose results can be continually assessed. This approach conflicts with the practice of what is meant by community interventions made in response to emergency situations of deteriorating social and convivial, seeking effective interventions in short periods of time, in contradiction to its status as pedagogical processes always open and dynamic, which should be worked from the perspective of prevention of social problems in the longer term. Keywords: Development, community, integral action, social participation, quality of life, democracy, selflearnin

Investigación-acción participativa en el barrio de San Cristóbal de los Ángeles (distrito de Villaverde, Madrid)

This study is the result of institutional collaboration between the Municipal Housing Office of the Ayuntamiento de Madrid (the body which is responsible for the Integral Rehabilitation Plan of the San Cristobal de los Angeles Quarter and the financing of the study) and the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (which is responsible for its technical execution). Also, this project would not have been possible without the participation of a great number of people, residents of the neighbourhood, social organizations and public institutions committed to the quarter and its people. The motivating idea for all involved has been, on the one hand, the conviction that all urban improvements must be accompanied by a social intervention process in other aspects of Community Development (education, employment, culture, participation, social cohesion, etc.) and, on the other hand, the complete confidence in the potential that San Cristobal has as a space for coexistence and for relationships based on the values of respect, solidarity and democracy

Practical Experiences in Web Engineering

Web Engineering is defined like a new area to propose models, techniques, processes, architectures, etc. in order to deal correctly with the special characteristics of the web environment. In the last years, new methodological approaches appeared in this environment. However, Web Engineering is not often applied in industries and real pro jects. This paper presents a general vision of a web approach, named NDT (Navigational Development Techniques) and it is focused on the study of its practical applications

Atlas de Barrios Vulnerables de España: 12 Ciudades 1991/2001/ 2006

El Altas de Barrios Vulnerables de España se basa en los trabajos recogidos en los catálogos “Análisis urbanístico de Barrios Vulnerables” de 1991 y 2001, y su Adenda 2006, realizados gracias al convenio de colaboración entre la Sección de Urbanismo del Instituto Juan de Herrera de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) y el Ministerio de Fomento. En este documento no se recogen los catálogos de los barrios estudiados, que pueden ser consultados on-line, ya que el objetivo es presentar un panorama general sobre la dimensión y evolución de la vulnerabilidad de las ciudades españolas de más de 50.000 habitantes. El marco general se completa con los informes individuales de las 12 ciudades de más de 300.000 habitantes. Los informes individuales contienen el análisis estadístico de la evolución de la vulnerabilidad de cada una de las ciudades con un especial cuidado en su representación cartográfica, que permite al lector un análisis territorial de la vulnerabilidad urbana y la comparación tanto temporal como por tipo de vulnerabilidad. Además, para facilitar la comprensión de los datos analizados, este Atlas se acompaña de un conjunto de anexos en los que se describe la metodología empleada en el trabajo del que se extraen dicho datos, y un glosario de términos básicos para su comprensión

Sistemas de detección de modo isla en inversores conectados a la red eléctrica: análisis del estado del arte

Este artículo presenta un análisis del estado del arte de los diferentes sistemas de detección de modo isla en inversores conectados a la red eléctrica. Los métodos de detección en generadores distribuidos (GD) pueden ser divididos en locales y remotos.Los remotos se basan en un sistema de generación centralizado, ya que son estos los que envían la información (o avisan) para la operación en modo isla. Mientras que en los métodos locales se realiza la detección en los GDs yse pueden dividir en técnicas activas y pasivas.Palabra(s) Clave(s): generación distribuida, micro-red, zona de no detección

Research facilities and highlights at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA)

The Centro Nacional de Aceleradores is a user-oriented accelerator facility in Seville, Spain. Its main facilities are a 3 MV tandem accelerator, an 18 MeV proton Cyclotron, a tandetron used for AMS, a compact accelerator used for radiocarbon measurements, a 60Co irradiator and a PET/CT scanner. The technical specifications and research applications of these facilities are described. A neutron beam line associated to a charged pulsed beam in the tandem allows for time of flight measurements which determine the neutron energy. The use of an adequate stripper gas in the AMS tandetron permits to measure heavy radionuclides with very low detection levels, allowing to perform environmental studies using these radionuclides as tracers. The use of the microbeam in the tandem accelerator allows to apply the ion beam-induced current technique to investigate the spectroscopic properties and radiation hardness of different semiconductor detectors.European Union, H2020-847594, H2020-654002, H2020-847552, H2020-847594Ministry of Science RTI2018-098117-B-C21, RTC-2017-6369-3, EQC2018-004193-P, EQC2018-004095-P, EQC2018-004166- P, PGC2018-094546-B-I00Junta de Andalucía FEDER US-1261006, US-1263369, P18-RT-190

Predicción de eventos extremos de polen alergénico en la Comunidad de Madrid. Inicio de la estación polínica del plátano de sombra

Ponencia presentada en: XXX Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el IX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Zaragoza, del 5 al 7 de mayo de 2008.Allergenic pollens originated health problems in a rising segment of population on developed countries. Adequate forecast of extreme health related events such peaks or start of pollination season could allow to take preventive measurement that reduce hospitalization cases and an improvement in life conditions for patients that are allergic to pollens. In central part of Spain, main species that originate such pollens are grasses, plane tree, olive tree and Cupressaceae. In Madrid autonomous region, PALINOCAM Network operates 11 pollen catchments stations and issues pollen forecasts daily. AEMET supports this structure providing observed and forecast meteorological data and also new prediction tools. In this paper, a description of plane tree start of pollination season forecast procedure is shown. Main basis is the fact that it is needed to reach a value threshold on previous heat accumulation that allow to plane tree buttons to grow and start spreading its pollen. Threshold adjustment procedure for accumulate heat and daily pollen accounts is described. Up to seven days of forecasted extreme temperatures are added to observed temperature series to give forecasted accumulated heat. An evaluation of an operational scheme for the start of pollination season in March 2008 for Madrid-City has been done

Comparison of body fat percentage assessments by bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometrical prediction equations, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in older women

Background: Individuals with high body fat have a higher risk of mortality. Numerous anthropometric-based predictive equations are available for body composition assessments; furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates are available. However, in older adults, the validity of body fat estimates requires further investigation. Objective: To assess the agreement between percentage body fat (BF%) estimates by BIA and five predictive equations based on anthropometric characteristics using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. A secondary objective was to identify whether excluding short-stature women improves the agreement of BF% estimates in a group of community-dwelling, older Mexican women. Methods: A concordance analysis of BF% was performed. A total of 121 older women participated in the study. Anthropometric information, BIA, and DXA body composition estimates were obtained. Five equations using anthropometric data were evaluated in order to determine body fat percentage (BF%) using DXA as reference method. Paired t-test comparisons and standard error of estimates (SEE) were obtained. The Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate the BF% prediction equations and BIA estimates. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 73.7 ( 5.8) years old. BIA and the anthropometric based equations examined showed mean significant differences when tested in the entire sample. For the taller women (height > 145 cm), no significant difference in the paired comparison was found between DXA and BIA of BF% estimates. The mean BF% was 40.3 ( 4.8) and 40.7 ( 6.2) for DXA and BIA, respectively. The concordance between methods was good (CCC 0.814), (SEE 2.62). Also, in the taller women subset, the Woolcott equation using waist-to-height ratio presented no significant difference in the paired comparison; however, the error of the estimates was high (SEE 3.37) and the concordance was moderate (CCC 0.693). Conclusion: This study found that BIA yielded good results in the estimation of BF% among women with heights over 145 cm. Also, in this group, theWoolcott predictive equation based on waist circumference and height ratio showed no significant differences compared to DXA in the paired comparison; however, the large error of estimates observed may limit its application. In older women, short stature may impact the validity of the body fat percentage estimates of anthropometric-based predictive equations

Hemorragia suprarrenal bilateral poscirugía. A propósito de un caso

Bilateral adrenal haemorrhage (BAH) is a rare but serious condition, which can lead to acute adrenal insufficiency. We present a case of an BAH that occurred after an intervention for lumbar canal stenosis. It was essential for the diagnosis falling hemoglobin and imaging tests. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone substitute orally. A stress situation is a risk factor for BAH, so this condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of postoperative complications. It is important to suspect it to begin replacement therapy as soon as possible.La hemorragia suprarrenal bilateral (HSB) es una entidad rara pero grave, que puede derivar en insuficiencia suprarrenal aguda. Se presenta un caso de una HSB que tuvo lugar tras una intervención por estenosis de canal lumbar. Fue fundamental para el diagnóstico la caída de hemoglobina y las pruebas de imagen. La paciente recibió tratamiento sustitutivo con hidrocortisona vía oral. Una situación de estrés es un factor de riesgo para HSB, por lo que esta patología debe tenerse en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de las complicaciones poscirugía. Es importante sospecharla para comenzar lo antes posible el tratamiento sustitutivo

Predicción del inicio de la temporada de polinización del plátano de sombra en la Comunidad de Madrid y en la ciudad de Córdoba. Técnicas y resultados

Esta nota técnica es el resultado de un trabajo interdisciplinar en el que han intervenido meteorólogos, biólogos y médicos, con el objetivo final de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas aquejadas por problemas de alergia. Con el fin de avanzar en el conocimiento de todos los aspectos ligados a la emisión de polen de plátano en primavera, poder así mejorar el actual sistema de vigilancia de dicho polen y optimizar los recursos del sistema sanitario, han colaborado AEMET, que ha aportado su banco de datos de variables meteorológicas para diferentes horas y distintos emplazamientos, y la Consejería de Salud de la Comunidad de Madrid, que ha proporcionado los recuentos de polen diarios de su red Palinocam. El objetivo de esta colaboración ha sido avanzar en el conocimiento de todos los aspectos ligados a la emisión del polen del plátano para poder predecir con antelación suficiente su aparición en la primavera