“Quehacer del Gestor Cultural en el ámbito municipal: Ayuntamiento de Toluca, periodo 2009-2012”

El diseño de políticas públicas apropiadas es importante para la promoción del patrimonio cultural y de las nuevas manifestaciones artísticas culturales, por lo que deben participar todos los sectores tanto político, económico y social, así como la iniciativa privada y las instituciones educativas, y la sociedad civil. Por tanto, la identidad cultural debe ser el resultado de la convergencia del pasado histórico y de las expresiones modernas para que sea incluyente y sustancialmente social. Se aborda los conceptos de cultura, la globalización y la diversidad cultural, el poder de la cultura, así como el trabajo arduo que llega a realizar un Gestor Cultural en el ámbito Municipal, los retos a los que se enfrenta y el tipo de infraestructura cultural con la que cuenta el municipio para poder desarrollar los eventos artístico-culturales

Staff, Functions, and Staff Costs at Central Banks: An International Comparison with a Labor-demand Model

During the period 2000-2004 central banks sustained a generalized reduction in their staff, which was accompanied, in most cases, with significant increases in staff costs. This could obey to an enhanced interest of central banks in focusing on their core functions. In fact, central banks have changed the ways they perform their operative functions (e.g. currency operations, payment systems operation, printing notes, etc.) through different strategies aimed at gathering the participation of third parties. These strategies differ according to the relationship that central banks have with the financial sector and the government, as well as to their historical tradition and modernization trend. To explain the effect of these changes on the staff, we estimated a short-term labor demand function for 66 central banks using a panel data model with random effects. Results indicate that central banks’ labor demand is strongly determined by the country’s population, economic development level and changes in operative functions, as well as by staff costs. In addition, we found a low employment-wage elasticity suggesting the presence of a flexible budgetary constrain in central banks.Central Banking, Labor Demand, Modernization, Functions, Staff Costs, Panel Data, Random Effects. Classification JEL: E50; J23; J30; C33

Testimonies of War during Cuba’s Fight for Independence (1868-1898)

In October 1868, a group of Cuban rebels from the Province of Bayamo took arms against the Spanish regime starting a war that lasted 10 years, at which point the Spanish government and the rebels reached a pact that put an end to the hostilities. As a result of this pact, Cubans were allowed to form new political parties, create newspapers that supported their “autonomistas” political views, and in 1886 the Spanish government finally abolished slavery in its entirety, putting an end to an institution that was already widely criticized. During this time of peace, due to the shortage of men caused by the war in the labor market, Cuban women started occupying positions in factories, published in newspapers, and were able to attend middle and higher education, which raised their educational levels considerably. In this article I will analyze some testimonios of the Cuban War of Independence, some literary and some written by participants, that show how by the middle of 1880s Cubans had started reflecting on the war itself, the different groups that had intervened in the conflict, and what, if any, purpose the conflict had served

Marti\u27s Archive

This lecture will analyze the importance of the archive for the construction of the nation. What is the archive and what role does politics play in it? Jorge Camacho will discuss the evolution of Jos6 Marti\u27s works from the time of his death to today, and how they have been collected from different sources and a variety of ways. The talk will assess Carlos Ripoll\u27s contributions to our understanding of Marti, and how Camacho\u27s research project has led him to publish more than 50 previously unknown chronicles that Marti wrote while living in New York in the 1880s. The question that guides this lecture is how did we come to have a body of work that we call today his Obras completas? Are they really complete or are there still articles, poems, and translations that we still do not know about?https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cri_events/1414/thumbnail.jp

BANKNOTE PRINTING AT MODERN CENTRAL BANKING: TRENDS, COSTS, AND EFFICIENCY

This paper examines trends in banknote printing during the period 2000-2005 for a crosssection of 56 central banks. Because of the high increase in the demand for currency in recent years, central banks have implemented new strategies to increase efficiency in the production of banknotes. Some of them, involve the private sector by means of different modalities (e.g. joint ventures, subsidiaries or purchase of banknotes from specialized companies), and the integration of banknote printing and cash processing in a single complex (e.g. Portugal and Colombia). A cost function using a panel data model with random effects was estimated. It was identified that the denomination structure, the size of banknotes, and the production method used by central banks have a significant impact on production costs. Government printing was found to be the most costly method, while private-sector involvement in the process substantially reduces production costs. Using a non-parametric efficient frontier model, it was found that most central banks have increased its technical efficiency during the period, especially in central banks where the privatesector has involved. Computing a Malmquist index through distance functions it was identified that central banks have showed a moderate increase in its productivity, primarily due to increases in efficiency and, in a lower proportion to technical change. In most of the cases, a positive change in efficiency is mainly the result of higher scale efficiency. This could obey to high increase in demand for currency.Central Banks, Banknote Printing, Efficiency Frontier, Cost Function, Panel Data, Malmquist Index. Classification JEL: E50; C33; C23; C43.

Dos enfoques energéticos que dominan y liberan el medioambiente en un proyecto de arquitectura

En un primer modelo energético, la cúpula geodésica de R.B. Fuller está formada por multitud de moléculas de aire en retícula que cubren el mayor espacio con el menor gasto de energía, como analiza mediante un modelo a escala menor en el proyecto “The Cardboard House”. Debido a la influencia de los estudios de balística y de navegación, dentro del sistema sinergético opta por sustituir el aire, representado por un conjunto de corpúsculos blandos con cierta facilidad para la compresión, por el agua formado también por corpúsculos, pero duros como pequeñas bolas de acero con gran incapacidad para la compresión deslizando unas sobre otras al no poder absorber los esfuerzos tangenciales. En estos estudios, la geometría es una herramienta de trabajo que les sirve para prever y medir las inesperadas fuerzas de la naturaleza, calculando de antemano los sucesos energéticos en el tiempo. En un segundo modelo se establece una relación de contigüidad y no de asociación formal con la investigación sobre el automorfismo de R. Le Ricolais, a través de dos proyectos de infraestructuras adaptados a entornos distintos, uno aéreo “Sky-Rail” y otro acuático “Under Sea Transit”, observando cómo cristales salinos y seres acuáticos sin gravedad inducen principios constructivos de nuevos sistemas estructurales como islas artificiales. Le Ricolais comenta que junto a la vida aparece el problema del crecimiento, y hasta ahora el hombre no ha sido capaz de construir máquinas capaces de crecer. Futuros proyectos de estructuras estudian alternar el uso de la última tecnología junto con el no-empleo de la misma, buscando un equilibrio entre un dominio del medioambiente y el abandono de todo control sobre el mismo.In a first energy model, the geodesic dome of R.B. Fuller, focused on the problem of how cover the maximum space with the minimum of energy, is made of many air molecules, such as “The Cardboard House” project where he explained the same items in a smaller scale. Because of the influence of the ballistic and navigation studies, the air solution, which is represented by several soft corpuscles and likely to support compression strength, is replaced with water solution, which is made by corpuscles too, but such as small steel balls that are not be able to afford compression strength sliding one each other without taking up tangential stresses. In these studies, geometry is a working tool of prevention and measure of unexpected forces of nature, calculating in advance the energy events through time. In a second energy model, a conexion is established by contiguity and not by formal association with the principle of automorphism of R. Le Ricolais through two infrastuctural projects adapted to different enviroments, one is aereal “Sky-Rail” and the other aquatic “Under Sea Transit”, showing how small glasses and microorganisms without gravity lead to building principles of new energy systems like artificial islands. Le Ricolais said that together with life comes the problem of growth, and until now man has not been capable of making machines that grow. About future structural projects, some thoughful approches for the future are alternated between the utilization of state-of-art technologies and no technology at all, between seeking total control of environment and abandoning all modes of control

El análisis de la enfermedad mental en las noticias de Internet

En esta investigación se analizan las noticias en Internet que tratan sobre las enfermedades mentales para averiguar si aún se estigmatiza a las personas. El investigador desvela los puntos débiles de los medios digitales: la falta de fuentes, la reproducción literal de la información procedente del medio “tradicional” o el descontrol de los comentarios vinculados a las noticias y redes sociales. La investigación estudia las noticias relacionadas con sucesos notorios (como los dos parricidios de Santomera o el crimen de Fago) y también intenta demostrar que no hay consenso en el tratamiento informativo del suicidio (con el caso de Érika Ortiz, entre otros).This research analyzes news in Internet about mental illness to find out the people stigma. The researcher reveals the weaknesses of digital media: the absence of sources, the literal reproduction from “traditional” media or loss control of the comments linked to news and social networks. The research examines news related with notorious crimes (like the two Santomera patricide and the crime of Fago, in Spain) and it also attempts to explain that there is no consensus in the treatment of suicide information (in the cases of Erika Ortiz, and others)

Fronteras elásticas, hegemónicas y teoría del discurso: la frontera sur de México

La teoría del discurso es útil para comprender la construcción de las fronteras, desde lo material y lo imaginario. El trabajo aborda tres momentos en que se crean elementos discursivos para la frontera sur de México, entre los años 2000 y 2015, obteniendo los siguientes resultados: 1) hay una correlación de estos elementos que van de la frontera norte a la frontera sur, pero no en sentido opuesto; 2) hay un continuo proceso de securitizar al migrante, aunque se agregan nuevos elementos securitizadores; 3) existe un fenómeno que denomino «fronteras elásticas», donde las fronteras se extienden o retraen, creando así nuevas regiones fronterizas; 4) la frontera sur se construye con elementos más peyorativos que la del norte, a pesar de que existen grados de criminalidad más altos en la segunda

Reciclaje de productos electrónicos, paisajismo nuclear y energías no renovables en ciudades emergentes: Lagos, Ciudad del Cabo y Riyadh

Abstracts aceptados sin presentacion / Accepted abstracts without presentatio