Utilidad pronóstica del cociente NT-proBNP/cistatina C en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica

Introducción: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es un síndrome clínico muy prevalente en la población general, asociada en muchas ocasiones con un incremento de morbilidad y mortalidad y una elevada tasa de reingresos. En ese contexto, es determinante la identificación precoz de los pacientes con mayor riesgo para lograr una mejor planificación y ajuste de su tratamiento. Entre las herramientas utilizadas están biomarcadores como los péptidos natriuréticos o la cistatina C. El NT-proBNP es útil a nivel de diagnóstico y pronóstico estos pacientes pero sus valores pueden verse afectados por múltiples situaciones como insuficiencia renal, el índice de masa corporal, la fibrilación auricular, el sexo o la edad. Marcadores como la cistatina C, han demostrado que pueden mejorar la estimación de la función renal en este tipo de pacientes y ayudar a evaluar el pronóstico; sin embargo, no muestran el grado de disfunción ventricular asociada. Hipótesis y objetivos: Teniendo en cuenta la información previa, habría que plantear si el cálculo y utilización de un cociente entre los dos parámetros descritos (NTproBNP/ cistatina C) mejora la valoración de estos pacientes y es más útil en el pronóstico en cuanto a reingresos y mortalidad que los parámetros por separado. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de una muestra de 318 pacientes en seguimiento en una consulta monográfica de insuficiencia cardiaca del servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa tras un ingreso en dicho hospital desde junio de 2010 a abril de 2019. Se realizó seguimiento de los pacientes al mes, 3 meses y 6 meses tras el alta. Se analizaron variables personales y analíticas de los pacientes durante el seguimiento y se realizó el análisis estadístico. Resultados: La muestra analizada se corresponde con una población de edad avanzada y pluripatológica. El porcentaje de reingresos y mortalidad se mantuvo estable a lo largo del seguimiento. El NT-proBNP al ingreso demostró correlación lineal positiva con la estancia hospitalaria (p=0,012). El cociente NT-proBNP/cistatina C al ingreso se relacionó con el número de reingresos en los 6 meses (p=0,036). Al estratificar la muestra según la mediana del cociente y realizar el análisis de supervivencia se objetivó que los pacientes con cociente menor a la mediana presentaban menos reingresos de forma significativa (p=0,049), sin encontrar diferencias en cuanto a mortalidad. Conclusión: el cociente NT-proBNP/cistatina C al ingreso parece un buen indicador pronóstico en relación a los reingresos en los 6 meses de seguimiento sin observar esta relación con la mortalidad. Las cifras de NT-proBNP al ingreso se relacionaron de forma directa y positiva con la estancia hospitalaria. Las cifras de cistatina C se mantuvieron estables durante el seguimiento. No hubo relación entre los valores de NT-proBNP o los de cistatina C con los reingresos o fallecimientos. Palabras Clave: Insuficiencia cardiaca. Pronóstico. Biomarcadores. Insuficiencia renal. NT-proBNP, Cistatina C, Cociente NT-proBNP/cistatina C, Reingresos, Mortalidad.<br /

Clinical Interest of LMO2 Testing for the Diagnosis of Aggressive Large B-Cell Lymphomas

MYC rearrangements usually confer aggressive biological behavior to large B-cell lymphomas. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relevance of LMO2 detection to the clinical approach to these tumors. First, the ability of LMO2 loss of expression to recognize the presence of MYC rearrangements was evaluated. A series of 365 samples obtained from 351 patients, including 28 Burkitt lymphoma, 230 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 30 high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2/BCL6 rearrangements, eight high-grade B-cell lymphoma-NOS, 43 transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 26 high-grade follicular lymphomas was analyzed. Among the CD10-positive tumors prospectively analyzed in whole tissue sections, LMO2 negative expression obtained values of 88% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and 93% accuracy, proving the utility of LMO2 to screen MYC rearrangements. In addition, survival analyses were performed in a series of 155 patients. As per univariate analyses, the prognosis relevance of LMO2 was as useful as that of the diagnostic categories, MYC rearrangements, and MYC immunohistochemistry. Multivariate models revealed that both LMO2 (hazard ratio 0.51 p = 0.02) and IPI (hazard ratio 1.67 p < 0.005) were independent variables predicting overall survival. Finally, MYC and LMO2 mRNA expression were analyzed in a small group of cases. Taken together, these findings show the interest of LMO2 testing in large B-cell lymphomas

Projecte d’entrenament del procés d’administració de medicació mitjançant la simulació d’alta fidelitat en el Grau d’Infermeria

Projecte: 2020PID-UB/020L’Organització Mundial de la Salut va posar en marxa la campanya “Coneix, Comprova i Pregunta” amb la finalitat de motivar als pacients, cuidadors i professionals de la salut (infermeres, metges i farmacèutics) a assumir un rol actiu en la seguretat del procés d’administració de la medicació (PAM). Una de las responsabilitats de les infermeres es l’administració segura i efectiva de medicació. Adquirir aquesta competència implica integrar coneixements teòrics, pràctics i de presa de decisions. Sense substituir hores de pràctica clínica amb el pacient real, es van programar sessions de simulació d'alta fidelitat per entrenar el PAM, de manera transversal a 3er i 4rt curs del Grau en Infermeria. Els i les estudiants van participar de forma individual en casos clínics en els que, primer van estudiar online (fase prebriefing) les habilitats cognitives del PAM (fàrmac correcte i dosi correcta) i posteriorment van participar en l'escenari simulat, amb un maniquí d'alta fidelitat, per entrenar les habilitats pràctiques del PAM (ítems nuclears del procés, vigilància, seguretat i prevenció). Es va utilitzar per guiar i avaluar el PAM l'instrument MEDICORRECT, creat i validat pel grup d'investigació SGR 2017 GRISimula amb finançament del REDICE (18-2020). Es van dur a terme 48 sessions de simulació a 3er curs i 4rt curs, implicant un total de 320 i 280 estudiants/tes respectivament

Early Measurement of Blood sST2 Is a Good Predictor of Death and Poor Outcomes in Patients Admitted for COVID-19 Infection

Although several biomarkers have shown correlation to prognosis in COVID-19 patients, their clinical value is limited because of lack of specificity, suboptimal sensibility or poor dynamic behavior. We hypothesized that circulating soluble ST2 (sST2) could be associated to a worse outcome in COVID-19. In total, 152 patients admitted for confirmed COVID-19 were included in a prospective non-interventional, observational study. Blood samples were drawn at admission, 48-72 h later and at discharge. sST2 concentrations and routine blood laboratory were analyzed. Primary endpoints were admission at intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality. Median age was 57.5 years [Standard Deviation (SD: 12.8)], 60.4% males. 10% of patients (n = 15) were derived to ICU and/or died during admission. Median (IQR) sST2 serum concentration (ng/mL) rose to 53.1 (30.9) at admission, peaked at 48-72 h (79.5(64)) and returned to admission levels at discharge (44.9[36.7]). A concentration of sST2 above 58.9 ng/mL was identified patients progressing to ICU admission or death. Results remained significant after multivariable analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of sST2 for endpoints was 0.776 (p = 0.001). In patients admitted for COVID-19 infection, early measurement of sST2 was able to identify patients at risk of severe complications or death

Microbiological contamination of conventional and reclaimed irrigation water: evaluation and management measures

The wide diversity of irrigation water sources (i.e., drinking water, groundwater, reservoir water, river water) includes reclaimed water as a requested measure for increasing water availability, but it is also a challenge as pathogen exposure may increase. This study evaluates the level of microbial contamination in different irrigation waters to improve the knowledge and analyses management measures for safety irrigation. Over a one-year period, the occurrence of a set of viruses, bacteria and protozoa, was quantified and the performance of a wetland system, producing reclaimed water intended for irrigation, was characterized. Human fecal pollution (HAdV) was found in most of the irrigation water types analysed. Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, was present in groundwater where porcine contamination was identified (PAdV). The skin-carcinoma associated Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), was found occasionally in river water. Noroviruses were detected, as expected, in winter, in river water and reclaimed water. Groundwater, river water and reservoir water also harboured potential bacterial pathogens, like Helicobacter pylori, Legionella spp. and Aeromonas spp. that could be internalized and viable inside amoebas like Acanthamoeba castellanii, which was also detected. Neither Giardia cysts, nor any Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected. The wetland system removed 3 Log10 of viruses and 5 Log10 of bacteria, which resembled the river water quality. Irrigation waters were prone to variable contamination levels and according to the European guidance documents, the E. coli (EC) levels were not always acceptable. Sporadic detection of viral pathogens as NoV GII and HAdV was identified in water samples presenting lower EC than the established limit (100MNP/100 mL). When dealing with reclaimed water as a source of irrigation the analysis of some viral parameters, like HAdV during the peak irrigation period (summer and spring) or NoV during the coldest months, could complement existing water management tools based on bacterial indicators

Point-of-care lung ultrasound assessment for risk stratification and therapy guiding in COVID-19 patients. A prospective non-interventional study.

Background Lung ultrasound is feasible for assessing lung injury caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the prognostic meaning and time-line changes of lung injury assessed by lung ultrasound in COVID-19 hospitalised patients are unknown. Methods Prospective cohort study designed to analyse prognostic value of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients by using a quantitative scale (lung ultrasound Zaragoza (LUZ)-score) during the first 72 h after admission. The primary end-point was in-hospital death and/or admission to the intensive care unit. Total length of hospital stay, increase of oxygen flow and escalation of medical treatment during the first 72 h were secondary end-points. Results 130 patients were included in the final analysis; mean±sd age was 56.7±13.5 years. Median (interquartile range) time from the beginning of symptoms to admission was 6 (4–9) days. Lung injury assessed by LUZ-score did not differ during the first 72 h (21 (16–26) points at admission versus 20 (16–27) points at 72 h; p=0.183). In univariable logistic regression analysis, estimated arterial oxygen tension/inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio (PAFI) (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–0.99; p=0.027) and LUZ-score >22 points (5.45, 1.42–20.90; p=0.013) were predictors for the primary end-point. Conclusions LUZ-score is an easy, simple and fast point-of-care ultrasound tool to identify patients with severe lung injury due to COVID-19, upon admission. Baseline score is predictive of severity along the whole period of hospitalisation. The score facilitates early implementation or intensification of treatment for COVID-19 infection. LUZ-score may be combined with clinical variables (as estimated by PAFI) to further refine risk stratification

Emerging risk factors and the dose-response relationship between physical activity and lone atrial fibrillation: a prospective case-control study

A history of a parts per thousand yen2000 h of vigorous endurance training, tall stature, abdominal obesity, and OSA are frequently encountered as risk factors in patients with Ln-AF. Fewer than 2000 total hours of high-intensity endurance training associates with reduced Ln-AF risk

Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of sepsis and neutrophil degranulation of septic shock in surgical patients

Producción CientíficaBackground: Stratification of the severity of infection is currently based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, which is difficult to calculate outside the ICU. Biomarkers could help to stratify the severity of infection in surgical patients. Methods: Levels of ten biomarkers indicating endothelial dysfunction, 22 indicating emergency granulopoiesis, and six denoting neutrophil degranulation were compared in three groups of patients in the first 12 h after diagnosis at three Spanish hospitals. Results: There were 100 patients with infection, 95 with sepsis and 57 with septic shock. Seven biomarkers indicating endothelial dysfunction (mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-ProADM), syndecan 1, thrombomodulin, angiopoietin 2, endothelial cell-specific molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and E-selectin) had stronger associations with sepsis than infection alone. MR-ProADM had the highest odds ratio (OR) in multivariable analysis (OR 11·53, 95 per cent c.i. 4·15 to 32·08; P = 0·006) and the best area under the curve (AUC) for detecting sepsis (0·86, 95 per cent c.i. 0·80 to 0·91; P < 0·001). In a comparison of sepsis with septic shock, two biomarkers of neutrophil degranulation, proteinase 3 (OR 8·09, 1·34 to 48·91; P = 0·028) and lipocalin 2 (OR 6·62, 2·47 to 17·77; P = 0·002), had the strongest association with septic shock, but lipocalin 2 exhibited the highest AUC (0·81, 0·73 to 0·90; P < 0·001). Conclusion: MR-ProADM and lipocalin 2 could be alternatives to the SOFA score in the detection of sepsis and septic shock respectively in surgical patients with infection.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants PI15/01959, PI15/01451 and PI16/01156