Principios y valores en los usos y costumbres de la región Mixteca en el marco de la economía social para el desarrollo comunitario

La creación de una empresa de economía social es la actividad económica que llevan a cabo Organismos del Sector Social basados en la democracia, en la propiedad social de los recursos distribuidos equitativamente en beneficio de sus integrantes con el compromiso social de traer consigo un benéfico a la comunidad. En este marco y bajo un contexto histórico, socioeconómico y cultural se presenta el caso de la Salinera de la Mixteca originaria de San Pedro Salinas, perteneciente al municipio de San Nicolás Hidalgo, distrito de Silacayoapan en el estado de Oaxaca. La investigación etnográfica presenta las formas tradicionales de organización social de una comunidad etnolingüística de "Usos y Costumbres", que pretende dar solución a los problemas que se generan en la cadena de valor de la producción de sal blanca y sal de grano o tierna. La presente investigación arroja datos relevantes para la creación de una empresa basada en la economía social.Fil: Allende Hernández, Olivia. Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca; México.Fil: Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Calvo Cortés, Josefina. Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca; México

Budget impact analysis of Subcutaneous Belimumab in patients with systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Spain

Objective: To evaluate the budget impact and the direct costs of the introduction of subcutaneous belimumab (SC) into the Spanish National Health Service (NHS) for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Spain. Methods: This study was conducted from the Spanish NHS perspective with a time horizon of 3 years. The budget impact analysis compared the cost difference between two scenarios: current market (standard therapy (ST) and intravenous belimumab (IV)) and other market in which patients switched from belimumab IV to belimumab SC until reaching 17% of the total market share. The eligible population was calculated to receive treatment with belimumab, applying the EPISER (study of the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in adult population in Spain) prevalence (91 per 100,000 inhabitants), Autoimmune Systemic Diseases Study Group (GEAS) incidence (2 per 100,000 inhabitants), and the risk of annual mortality to the Spanish adult population. Patients with severe active lupus nephritis and with severe active CNS lupus were excluded. Patients' characteristics, flare rates and severity, and healthcare resource consumption were evaluated based on data from the literature and interviews with an expert panel. A sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: Currently, there is an estimated 34,697 adult patients with SLE in Spain and 3849 patients who are eligible to be treated with belimumab. The introduction of belimumab SC into the Spanish NHS could generate savings in direct healthcare costs of 6 million euros over the 3 years. Conclusion: The introduction of belimumab SC shows direct savings for the Spanish NHS. These savings could contribute to sustainability and decision-making

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Budget impact analysis of subcutaneous belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Spain

This study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline (Study code: HO-17-18309). M Cevey is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline. Jaime Calvo, Carlos Crespo, Angel Robles, Lee Smolen and Josefina Cortés received consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline during their participation in the study. Dr.Objective: To evaluate the budget impact and the direct costs of the introduction of subcutaneous belimumab (SC) into the Spanish National Health Service (NHS) for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Spain. Methods: This study was conducted from the Spanish NHS perspective with a time horizon of 3 years. The budget impact analysis compared the cost difference between two scenarios: current market (standard therapy (ST) and intravenous belimumab (IV)) and other market in which patients switched from belimumab IV to belimumab SC until reaching 17% of the total market share. The eligible population was calculated to receive treatment with belimumab, applying the EPISER (study of the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in adult population in Spain) prevalence (91 per 100,000 inhabitants), Autoimmune Systemic Diseases Study Group (GEAS) incidence (2 per 100,000 inhabitants), and the risk of annual mortality to the Spanish adult population. Patients with severe active lupus nephritis and with severe active CNS lupus were excluded. Patients' characteristics, flare rates and severity, and healthcare resource consumption were evaluated based on data from the literature and interviews with an expert panel. A sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: Currently, there is an estimated 34,697 adult patients with SLE in Spain and 3849 patients who are eligible to be treated with belimumab. The introduction of belimumab SC into the Spanish NHS could generate savings in direct healthcare costs of 6 million euros over the 3 years. Conclusion: The introduction of belimumab SC shows direct savings for the Spanish NHS. These savings could contribute to sustainability and decision-making