First spanish medalist of olympic boxing

Este artículo parte del trabajo de investigación sobre la reconstrucción histórica de la trayectoria deportiva de José Enrique Rodríguez Cal, primer medallista de boxeo español. La metodología se desarrolló a partir del análisis documental de fuentes primarias, entrevistas y grupos de discusión con el proceso posterior de contraste y triangulación. El resultado supone la recuperación de las circunstancias históricas del equipo nacional de boxeo de aquel periodo y un rescate único, original e inédito de un fragmento de la “historia de vida” deportiva de Rodríguez Cal, cubriendo una de las múltiples lagunas de la Historia del Deporte español. Las condiciones precarias en aquel periodo en cuanto a los materiales, instalaciones y entrenamientos, así como la procedencia de entornos socio-económicos desfavorecidos eran aspectos comunes entre los boxeadores en aquel momento, suponiendo un precedente único el logro de una medalla olímpica en esta disciplina deportivaThis article is part of the research on the historical reconstruction of the sporting career of José Enrique Rodríguez Cal, the first Spanish boxing medalist. The methodology was developed from the documentary analysis of primary sources, interviews and discussion groups with the subsequent process of contrast and triangulation. The result is the recovery of the historical circumstances of the national boxing team of that period and a unique, original and unprecedented rescue of a fragment of "life history" of Rodríguez Cal, covering one of the many shortcomings of the History of the Spanish sports. The precarious conditions in that period in terms of materials, facilities and training, as well as the origin of disadvantaged socio-economic environments were common aspects among boxers at that time, being a unique precedent the achievement of an Olympic medal in this sport disciplin

Presence or absence of values in the olympic movement in secondary education curriculum in physical education: a study of two cases

Con el propósito de conocer la relación entre los valores del olimpismo y los valores en el currículo de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) en la Educación Física española así como la correspondencia entre ambos, se inició un análisis documental desde la perspectiva de una investigación cualitativa. El análisis de la presencia de éstos en los centros docentes españoles ha sido abordado a partir de entrevistas a tres docentes, así como a partir de los Proyectos Educativos de sus centros. Paralelamente, tras una categorización que designó cuáles eran los valores educativos del olimpismo, procedimos a analizar si estaban inmersos en el currículo de ESO de la Educación Física del Real Decreto 1631 del 2006In order to understand the relationship between the Olympic ideals and values in the curriculum of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) in Spanish Physical Education and the correspondence between both, a documentary analysis was started from the perspective of qualitative research. The analysis of their presence in Spanish schools has been approached from interviews with three teachers, as well as from the Educational Projects of its centers. In parallel, after categorization which appointed the educational values of Olympism were, we proceeded to analyze whether they were immersed in the curriculum of ESO of Physical Education of Royal Decree 1631 of 2006

Origin and evolution of Olympic Spanish boxing in the period 1920-1968

This research presents the origins of boxing in the Olympic structures in Spain at the end of the 19th century, as well as the social, sporting and economic circumstances of Spanish boxing in the 1960s. This historical qualitative recovery was made based on the analysis of the testimonies of Spanish Olympic boxers who participated in the Mexican Games in 1968, information triangulated with numerous and diverse sources. The results show that Spanish participation in boxing in the Games, since its inclusion in the Spanish sports structures in 1920, took place four times until 1960. In this last decade its practitioners came from disadvantaged backgrounds and their evolution as boxers was very precarious in terms of material and personal resources. During this period, the national team developed with scarce resources. Fighters had to combine their sporting careers with other temporary jobs to support the family economy. We can conclude that those circumstances involved very poor preparation and international and Olympic defeats. However, boxing provided a platform to raise the social, economic and cultural status of the fighters and, considering their circumstances, becoming an Olympian was the greatest milestone in their personal lives and a national sporting landmark

Conditions of Spanish amateur boxing in the 1980s: A change of perspective

This research exposes the diverse sporting, social, economic, and political circumstances that amateur boxing experienced during the 1980s and early 1990s in Spain. This qualitative research is framed in the History of the Present Time and used the testimony of six oral sources, three of them Olympic boxers contemporary to the period under study. The results show that boxing began to be understood as a violent practice by some sectors of the Spanish population and its practice was banned in some parts of Spain. Its dissemination in the press and public television diminished notably and a gap was opened between professional boxing and amateur boxing in the popular ideology, understanding both with the differences that identified them, since the former began to be vilified, which negatively affected amateur boxing. These circumstances began to change in the 1990s, as boxing began to be used as a form of self-defence and was included in sports complexes for purposes other than competition. We can conclude that, despite the fact that in the 1980s the Spanish sport experienced a definitive boost, the circumstances described above were especially detrimental to amateur boxing in terms of the recruitment of practitioners and with respect to the economic support necessary for technicians and gyms in which they developed their pugilistic practice, which continued to be constituted as exclusive boxing halls located in marginal neighbourhoods

The olympic ideology in university education. the "Conrado Durántez" olympic values award of the autonomous university of Madrid

El presente trabajo parte de la motivación por rescatar la presencia del Ideario Olímpicoy la filosofía del Olimpismoen la realidad universitaria española y conocer de qué manera está presente e impulsado entre los universitarios españoles. Se ha cumplido este objetivo con un estudio de caso realizando un rescate histórico de los impulsos llevados a cabo por el Centro de Estudios Olímpicos(CEO) de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Así se ha centrado en la creación y la evolución del Premio a los Valores Olímpicos “Conrado Durántez”.En el proceso de investigación se han utilizado las fuentes primarias que suponen los documentos del archivo del citado CEO:El convenio de la creación del CEO, cartas remitidas a las autoridades académicas justificandola motivación de la creación del premio y sus circunstancias, las cartas remitidas al profesorado en diferentes momentos sobre sus convocatorias, las comunicaciones al profesorado y al alumnado exponiendo su motivación; las actas de las votaciones para elegir los ganadores, etc.Como resultado se constata que el Premio a los Valores Olímpicos Conrado Durántezfue creado el año 2013para premiar, a partir de la votación de sus compañeros de promoción, la calidad humana de aquellos universitarios que, cuandoterminan su trayectoria académica en la UAM, han manifestado un talante y un comportamiento práctico más acorde con el Ideario Olímpico. Se han venido otorgando anualmente desde el año 2014hasta la actualidadThe present work is based on the motivation to rescue the presence of the Olympic Ideologyand the philosophy of Olympismin the Spanish university reality and to know in what way it is present and promoted among Spanish university students. This objective has been achieved by means of a case study, carrying out a historical rescue of the impulses undertaken by the Olympic Study Center(OSC) of the Autonomous University of Madrid(AUM). Thus, it has focused on the creation and evolution of the "Conrado Durántez" Olympic Values Award.In the research process, the primary sources used were the documents in the archives of the OSC: the agreement for the creation of the OSC, letters sent to the academic authorities justifying the motivation for the creation of the award and its circumstances, the letters sent to the faculty at different times about its calls, the communications to the faculty and students explaining their motivation, the minutes of the voting to choose the winners, and so on.As a result, the Conrado Durántez Olympic Values Awardwas created in 2015 to reward, based on the vote of their classmates, the human quality of those university students who, when they finish their academic career at the AUM, have shown a disposition and a practical behavior more in line with the Olympic Ideology. They have been awarded annually from 2015 to the present

The Youth Olympic Games and social networks (2010-2014): Evolution and challenges of new methods of communication for transmission of olympic values

El nacimiento de los Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud coincide en el tiempo con la irrupción de las redes sociales proporcionando nuevos canales para divulgar las ideas pedagógicas de Pierre de Coubertin, el fundador de los Juegos Olímpicos modernos. Nankín 2014 supuso la consolidación del Movimiento Olímpico en las redes explorando nuevos mercados y estrategias que alcanzaron los 500 millones de usuarios en todo el mundo. La concepción de los medios sociales como herramientas enraizadas al ámbito local en un contexto global permitirá a las instituciones deportivas globales el diseño de estrategias de comunicación más directas, específicas e individualizadas de acuerdo a las particularidades de sus públicosThe birth of the Youth Olympic Games coincided with the emergence of social networks, providing new channels for disseminating the pedagogical ideas of Pierre de Coubertin – the founder of the modern Olympic Games. Nanjing 2014 served as the consolidation of the Olympic Movement in social networks, exploring new markets and strategies that reached 500 million users around the world. Understanding social media as a tool rooted at local level in a global context will allow global sporting institutions to design communication strategies that are more direct, specific and individualized, according to the particularities of their audience

The socio-cultural heritage of the Olympics in Athens 2004

Con el objetivo de presentar los ejemplos positivos y negativos del patrimonio de los Juegos Olímpicos que tuvieron lugar en Atenas en el 2004, se realizó un análisis exhaustivo de autores de referencia en el ámbito, de los informes oficiales de los Juegos y una observación mediante una visita a Atenas en marzo de 2013 y a Olimpia en 2015. A pesar de la complejidad que supone el análisis del patrimonio de un evento deportivo como son los Juegos Olímpicos y la determinación de sus efectos tiempo después, se ha podido apreciar que en el caso de Atenas 2004 es apreciable. En este caso es manifiesto, a pesar de los gastos financieros que la ciudad sufragó con motivo de la organización del evento, que gran parte del patrimonio material se está deteriorando. Esta investigación supone un estudio sobre el patrimonio material y la conservación en buen estado del mismo que, consideramos, supone el escaparate que muestra la voluntariedad de un país de acoger de nuevo la organización de otra edición de los Juegos OlímpicosIn order to expose the positive and negative examples of the heritage of the Olympic Games that took place in Athens in 2004, was carried out a comprehensive analysis of reference authors in the field, an analysis of the official reports of the Games and an observation through a visit to Athens in 2013 and to Olympia in 2015. Despite the complexity of the analysis of the heritage of a sporting event such as the Olympics and determining its effect some time later, it has been seen that in the case of Athens 2004 is appreciable. In this case it is manifest, even though the city covered the financial expenses due to the organization of the event, much of the material heritage is deteriorating. This research provides a study of the material heritage and its maintenance, as we consider, that this means the voluntariness of a country to host again organizing another edition of the Olympic Game

Alternative sports and students with intellectual functional diversity, didactic experience of four sessions

Es evidente lo beneficioso que resulta la práctica deportiva en alumnos con diversidad funcional intelectual. La propuesta se desarrolló a través de cuatro sesiones de deportes alternativos de una hora de duración con cada grupo, en las que ha destacado el grado de participación de estos, la motivación hacia estos deportes a priori desconocidos para ellos y su capacidad de reflexión en las paradas de reflexión-acción y las asambleas. El objetivo fue determinar si dicha experiencia ofreció aspectos positivos en nuestro alumnado, para ello se utilizó la Escala de Disfrute con la Actividad Física o «Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale» (PACES), aplicada a las sesiones de deportes alternativos. Podemos concluir que las cuatro sesiones de deportes alternativos han sido una experiencia positiva para los alumnos, donde la mayoría ha disfrutado de la práctica además de aprender nuevos conceptos. Parece necesario la puesta en práctica de este tipo de actividades dentro del contexto escolar, ya que favorece el desarrollo integral del alumnado, especialmente las capacidades relacionales (dialogar, discutir y ponerse de acuerdo a través de las paradas de reflexión y las asambleas) y emocionales (autonomía y autoestimaIt is evident how beneficial the practice of sports in students with intellectual functional diversity. The proposal was developed through four sessions of alternative sports of an hour of duration with each group, in which it has emphasized the degree of participation of these, the motivation towards these sports a priori unknown to them and their capacity for reflection in the actionstops and the assemblies. The objective was to determine if this experience offered positive aspects in our students, this was done using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), applied to alternative sports sessions. We can conclude that the four sessions of alternative sports have been a positive experience for the students, where the majority have enjoyed the practice in addition to learning new concepts. It seems necessary to implement this type of activities within the school context, since it favors the integral development of students, especially relational skills (dialogue, discussion and agreement through reflection stops and assemblies) and emotional (autonomy and self-esteem

Los púgiles que representaron a España en los juegos olímpicos de Los Ángeles en 1984

Esta investigación de tipo historiográfico expone un estudio de Historia del Tiempo Presente. El objetivo es recoger el testimonio de tres de los cuatro boxeadores españoles que acudieron a los Juegos Olímpicos de Los Ángeles en 1984, con el fin de conocer las circunstancias deportivas, familiares y económicas en aquel periodo cuatrienal preparatorio que supone la olimpiada. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron el análisis documental y la entrevista semiestructurada de final abierto. Los resultados muestran que los púgiles mencionados provenían de barrios obreros y entornos familiares económicamente humildes. Los gimnasios en los que comenzaron a entrenar, aunque tenían circunstancias en muchos casos precarias, ya contaban con lugares específicos de boxeo e incluso vestuarios con duchas. La contrapartida económica que percibieron en los primeros combates que realizaron como boxeadores aficionados fueron un aliciente para ellos, aunque no suponían un sustento económico y no podían dejar sus empleos. Una vez que formaron parte del equipo nacional asistieron a numerosos combates en diversos países como forma de preparación y asistieron a concentraciones en Torrelodones, en la Residencia Blume en Madrid y en el Palacio de los Deportes, hasta que meses antes de los JJOO de Los Ángeles pudieron preparar en Tenerife su formación como púgiles olímpicos, hecho que suponía un hito en sus vidas. Se concluye que el boxeo supuso una plataforma de relación social de jóvenes provenientes de barrios muy humildes. Sin embargo, era preciso ser un miembro fijo de la Selección Nacional para percibir una contrapartida económica con la que poder sustentarse sin necesidad de mantener un empleo con el que ayudar a sus familias de origen en la economía familiar. Por otra parte, el boxeo en la década de los ochenta experimentó cierta evolución con respecto a décadas precedentes en cuanto a las instalaciones y recursos utilizados en los entrenamientosThis research of historiographic type exposes a study of History of the Present Time. The objective is to collect the testimony of three of the four Spanish boxers who went to the Olympic Games in Los Angeles in 1984, in order to know the sporting, family and economic circumstances in that four-year preparatory period of the Olympic Games. The techniques used were documentary analysis and semi-structured open-ended interviews. The results show that the aforementioned fighters came from working class neighbourhoods and economically humble family environments. The gyms where they began to train, although in many cases in precarious circumstances, already had specific boxing facilities and even changing rooms with showers. The economic compensation they received in the first bouts they fought as amateur boxers was an incentive for them, although it did not mean an economic livelihood and they could not leave their jobs. Once they were part of the national team, they attended numerous bouts in different countries as a form of preparation and attended training camps in Torrelodones, at the Blume Residence in Madrid and at the Palacio de los Deportes, until months before the Olympic Games in Los Angeles they were able to prepare in Tenerife for their training as Olympic boxers, which was a milestone in their lives. It is concluded that boxing was a platform for social relations for young people from very poor neighbourhoods. However, it was necessary to be a permanent member of the National Team in order to receive an economic counterpart with which to support themselves without the need to maintain a job to help their families of origin in the family economy. Moreover, boxing in the eighties underwent a certain evolution with respect to previous decades in terms of facilities and resources used in trainin

Historia y circunstancias sociales, deportivas y económicas del boxeo amateur español entre 1960 y 1980. [History and social, sports and economic circumstances of the Spanish amateur boxing between 1960 and 1980].

A través de esta investigación histórica se han conocido las circunstancias sociales, deportivas y económicas del boxeo amateur y olímpico español de los años sesenta y setenta del pasado siglo. El testimonio recabado a través de entrevistas de diez boxeadores españoles del periodo, siete de ellos olímpicos en una o varias ediciones de los Juegos, y los documentos recogidos de sus archivos personales, han sido contrastados con la información de la historia social y económica del periodo. El boxeo supuso una oportunidad formativa para jóvenes de sectores desfavorecidos en riesgo de vulnerabilidad social, con escasas oportunidades académicas y una incorporación laboral prematura. A pesar de hallar serias carencias en los recursos materiales y personales en el boxeo de aquel periodo, la orientación formativa del boxeo por parte de sus entrenadores aficionados transfirió valores y oportunidades que supusieron para aquellos jóvenes una orientación vital positiva y una promoción en su estatus social que, desde sus circunstancias familiares y la situación de la España del periodo, no hubieran conseguido de otra manera. Aquellas circunstancias, como resultado, ofrecieron hitos al boxeo olímpico español y unas oportunidades y experiencias para los boxeadores definitivas en sus trayectorias laborales y personales posteriores. Abstract Through this historical investigation, the social, sporting and economic circumstances of the amateur and Olympic Spanish boxing of the sixties and seventies of the last century have been studied. The testimony obtained through interviews of ten Spanish boxers from this period, seven of them Olympic in one or several editions of the Games, and the documents collected from their personal files, have been contrasted with the information of the social and economic history of the period. Boxing was an opportunity for young people from disadvantaged sectors at risk of social vulnerability, with scarce academic opportunities and premature employment to shape themselves. Despite finding serious shortcomings in the material and personal resources in boxing from that period, the pedagogical orientation of boxing by its amateur trainers transferred values and opportunities that meant these young people had a positive vital orientation and an advancement in their social status. They would not have achieved this otherwise because of their family circumstances and the situation of Spain in that period. Those circumstances, as a result, offered a milestone to the Spanish Olympic boxing and important opportunities and experiences for the boxers in their later work and personal path