Factores asociados con el conocimiento del soporte vital básico en estudiantes de medicina de nueve universidades peruanas

Introducción: el soporte vital básico (BLS) es un grupo de maniobras que constituyen una herramienta fundamental para salvar vidas. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento sobre BLS tiene que ser parte del plan de estudios en las escuelas de medicina. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre BLS y evaluar sus factores socioeducativos asociados, en estudiantes de medicina de nueve universidades peruanas. Material y métodos: llevamos a cabo un estudio multicéntrico transversal en 2013 y 2014. Incluimos estudiantes de medicina de nueve universidades en ocho regiones o Perú. Medimos el conocimiento sobre BLS mediante un cuestionario validado, que se basó en las Pautas de la American Heart Association (2010); El conocimiento adecuado se definió como una proporción mínima del 50% de las respuestas correctas. Estimamos los índices de prevalencia ajustados utilizando modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: incluimos 1, 564 estudiantes, 13% de los estudiantes tenían un conocimiento adecuado, y el puntaje promedio fue de 6.3 ± 3.2 (rango: 0-16). El conocimiento adecuado se asoció con la asistencia a semestres que pertenecen a la etapa académica de las ciencias clínicas (p = 0.02; aPR: 1.82; CI: 95%: 1.11-2.98) y haber recibido un curso de BLS previo (p> 0.01; aPR: 2.96; CI) : 95%: 2,18-4,01); ajustado por edad, sexo, habiendo recibido inyecciones previas y cursos de primeros auxilios, y para manifestar el deseo de ser entrenado en BLS práctico

A comprehensive analysis of the androgen receptor gene and risk of breast cancer: Results from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)

Introduction: Androgens have been hypothesised to influence risk of breast cancer through several possible mechanisms, including their conversion to estradiol or their binding to the oestrogen receptor and/ or androgen receptor (AR) in the breast. Here, we report on the results of a large and comprehensive study of the association between genetic variation in the AR gene and risk of breast cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Methods: The underlying genetic variation was determined by first sequencing the coding regions of the AR gene in a panel of 95 advanced breast cancer cases. Second, a dense set of markers from the public database was genotyped in a panel of 349 healthy women. The linkage disequilibrium relationships (blocks) across the gene were then identified, and haplotypetagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) were selected to capture the common genetic variation across the locus. The htSNPs were then genotyped in the nested breast cancer cases and controls from the Cancer Prevention Study II, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Multiethnic Cohort, Nurses' Health Study, and Women's Health Study cohorts (5,603 breast cancer cases and 7,480 controls). Results: We found no association between any genetic variation (SNP, haplotype, or the exon 1 CAG repeat) in the AR gene and risk of breast cancer, nor were any statistical interactions with known breast cancer risk factors observed. Conclusion: Among postmenopausal Caucasian women, common variants of the AR gene are not associated with risk of breast cancer. © 2006 Cox et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Frequentist and Bayesian approaches for interval-censored data

AIDS, Bayesian inference, Hypothesis testing, Interval censoring, Nonparametric methods, Permutational tests,

Temporary threshold shift after impulse-noise during video game play: Laboratory data

OBJECTIVE: Prevention of temporary threshold shift (TTS) after laboratory-based exposure to pure-tones, broadband noise, and narrow band noise signals has been achieved, but prevention of TTS under these experimental conditions may not accurately reflect protection against hearing loss following impulse noise. This study used a controlled laboratory-based TTS paradigm that incorporated impulsive stimuli into the exposure protocol; development of this model could provide a novel platform for assessing proposed therapeutics. DESIGN: Participants played a video game that delivered gunfire-like sound through headphones as part of a target practice game. Effects were measured using audiometric threshold evaluations and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The sound level and number of impulses presented were sequentially increased throughout the study. STUDY SAMPLE: Participants were normal-hearing students at the University of Florida who provided written informed consent prior to participation. RESULTS: TTS was not reliably induced by any of the exposure conditions assessed here. However, there was significant individual variability, and a subset of subjects showed TTS under some exposure conditions. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of participants demonstrated reliable threshold shifts under some conditions. Additional experiments are needed to better understand and optimize stimulus parameters that influence TTS after simulated impulse noise