Distribution of the North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) in Northern California

Western Wildlife 4:17–28, 2017: The North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is one of the most widely distributed mammals in North America, but recent reports have suggested declines in parts of its range in the West. In California, little is known about the historical or current status of the porcupine, and maps of its distribution conflict considerably. Nevertheless, the species is of interest to natural resource managers. For much of the 1900s, foresters and others primarily treated porcupines as pests because of the undesirable damage they inflict feeding on trees and gnawing on manmade items in search of salt. More recently, porcupines have been recognized for their role in promoting forest structure and diversity, and as potential prey for the Fisher (Pekania pennanti). We collected records of porcupine occurrence in the northern part of California since the beginning of the 20th Century, relying on government and private databases, reports from the public, and other sources. These records confirm that porcupines may occur in most major regions and habitat types across northern California, in contrast to many published range maps. The contemporary distribution of porcupines in the state most closely resembles the California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System (CWHR) range map, which is based on projections of suitable habitat. We are unable to offer deeper insight into trends of abundance and possible changes in distribution because these records are likely spatiotemporally correlated with observer effort. This work is a first step and we recommend that a broader statewide effort be conducted to better understand the distribution, abundance, and ecology of North American Porcupines in California. See below or click here to view data

Distribution of the North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) in Northern California Appendix

Western Wildlife 4:17–28, 2017: The North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is one of the most widely distributed mammals in North America, but recent reports have suggested declines in parts of its range in the West. In California, we know little about porcupines’ historical or current status; maps of porcupine distribution conflict considerably. Nevertheless, the species is of interest to natural resource managers. For much of the 1900s, foresters and others primarily treated porcupines as pests because of the undesirable damage they inflict by feeding on trees and gnawing on manmade items in search of salt. More recently, porcupines have been recognized for their role as engineers, contributing important structure and diversity to forest ecosystems, and as prey for the imperiled Fisher (Pekania pennanti). We collected records of porcupine occurrence in the northern half of California since the beginning of the twentieth century, relying on government and private databases, reports from the public, and other sources. These records confirm porcupine distribution in most major regions and habitat types across northern California, in contrast to many published range maps, and most closely resemble the range map based on projections of suitable habitat developed by the California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System (CWHR). We are unable to offer deeper insight into trends of abundance and possible changes in distribution because these records are likely spatiotemporally correlated with observer effort. This work is a first step in what must be a broader statewide effort, and we encourage further research on the distribution, abundance, and ecology of porcupines in California. The data provided here consists of 363 unique records of porcupine locations in northern California spanning the years 1908 to 2016. Records were obtained from a participant science project (porcufinder.com); internal California Department of Fish & Wildlife records; the California Roadkill Observation System (CROS); internal U.S. Forest Service Records; a study by former HSU Wildlife professor Charles Yocom; iNaturalist; and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The second tab includes descriptions of each column of the data, and additional information is available in the (forthcoming) publication. Read article here

Bus Transit Operations Control: Review and an Experiment Involving Tri-Met\u27s Automated Bus Dispatching System

Tri-Met has implemented an automated bus dispatching system (BDS) employing satellite-based automatic vehicle location (AVL) technology. The BDS is capable of facilitating real-time operations control actions to improve service regularity. This article focuses on a service regularity problem that often occurs during peak periods when regular service is augmented by extra-board trips (“trippers”). In this case, bus bunching results when regular service trips experience departure delays while trippers depart on schedule. With the aid of BDS information, field supervisors stationed at a key location on Portland s (Oregon) bus mall used holding, short turning, and reassignment actions to maintain headways on six selected routes. Analysis of their efforts reveals an improvement in service regularity as well as a leveling of passenger loads

Small carnivore competition

4 data files required to replicate our analyses, including: "GeneticSamples.csv", "SiteLocations.csv", "SiteVisits.csv", and "TrackPlates.csv". Data were collected from sites in northern California and southern Oregon, USA

Data from: Dynamic occupancy modeling reveals a hierarchy of competition among fishers, grey foxes, and ringtails

1. Determining how species coexist is critical for understanding functional diversity, niche partitioning and interspecific interactions. Identifying the direct and indirect interactions among sympatric carnivores that enable their coexistence are particularly important to elucidate because they are integral for maintaining ecosystem function. 2. We studied the effects of removing 9 fishers (Pekania pennanti) on their population dynamics and used this perturbation to elucidate the interspecific interactions among fishers, grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and ringtails (Bassariscus astutus). Grey foxes (family: Canidae) are likely to compete with fishers due to their similar body sizes and dietary overlap, and ringtails (family: Procyonidae), like fishers, are semi-arboreal species of conservation concern. We used spatial capture-recapture to investigate fisher population numbers and dynamic occupancy models that incorporated interspecific interactions to investigate the effects members of these species had on the colonization and persistence of each other’s site occupancy. 3. The fisher population showed no change in density for up to three years following the removals of fishers for translocations. In contrast, fisher site occupancy decreased in the years immediately following the translocations. During this same time period, site occupancy by grey foxes increased and remained elevated through the end of the study. 4. We found a complicated hierarchy among fishers, foxes, and ringtails. Fishers affected grey fox site persistence negatively but had a positive effect on their colonization. Foxes had a positive effect on ringtail site colonization. Thus, fishers were the dominant small carnivore where present and negatively affected foxes directly and ringtails indirectly. 5. Coexistence among the small carnivores we studied appears to reflect dynamic spatial partitioning. Conservation and management efforts should investigate how intraguild interactions may influence the recolonization of carnivores to previously occupied landscapes

Les Puritains / Bellini Vincenzo. TRISTAN ET ISOLDE / Richard Wagner. LA TRAVIATA / Giuseppe Verdi. LA GIOCONDA / Amilcar Ponchielli ; Maria Meneghini Callas, soprano, et l'orchestre symphonique de la Radio-Télévision Italienne de Turin dirigé par Arturo Basile ; Gabriele Santini et Antonino Votto

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