A topological approach to undefinability in algebraic extensions of Q\mathbb{Q}

For any subset $Z \subseteq \mathbb{Q}$, consider the set $S_Z$ of subfields $L\subseteq \overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ which contain a co-infinite subset $C \subseteq L$ that is universally definable in $L$ such that $C \cap \mathbb{Q}=Z$. Placing a natural topology on the set $\text{Sub}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}})$ of subfields of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$, we show that if $Z$ is not thin in $\mathbb{Q}$, then $S_Z$ is meager in $\text{Sub}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}})$. Here, thin and meager both mean "small", in terms of arithmetic geometry and topology, respectively. For example, this implies that only a meager set of fields $L$ have the property that the ring of algebraic integers $\mathcal{O}_L$ is universally definable in $L$. The main tools are Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem and a new normal form theorem for existential definitions. The normal form theorem, which may be of independent interest, says roughly that every $\exists$-definable subset of an algebraic extension of $\mathbb Q$ is a finite union of single points and projections of hypersurfaces defined by absolutely irreducible polynomials.Comment: 24 pages. Introduction has been rewritte

Secure Cloud Controlled UAS Operations

Integrating a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) with cloud capabilities for military or enterprise use has not usually been feasible due to cybersecurity concerns. With recent advancements in blockchain networks the possibility of large cloud connected UAS networks has emerged. Our team investigates how to integrate data collected from a sUAS with a cloud-based service for data collection, storage, and processing implemented to ensure data privacy and data integrity. Our proposed network architecture implements a blockchain network to maintain decentralized security for the network. The research’s objectives include running security tests against a blockchain network & host/client networks and then comparing their performance and abilities to support the cloud based UAS. Specifically, we are using an open-source project called AirSim to support a virtual UAS that is connected to the UAS flight controller, the Pixhawk, to test a hardware-in the loop solution. This test is a preliminary proof of concept, and after it proves successful we are moving to a test involving a physical UAS. Data is transmitted from the UAS to a client server in Amazon Web Services (AWS) where it is placed into a blockchain and sent to the host server for processing. Overall, we believe a cloud supported communication network with a blockchain to secure data is an efficient and wise method of UAS control with information processing

Empowering future care workforces: Scoping Capabilities to Leverage Assistive Robotics through Co-Design

Project aims: Understand how health and social care professionals can benefit from using assistive robotics on their own terms. Specify capabilities that matter to professionals, service users /carers. Scope a framework for co-designing assistive robotics that forefronts health and social care professionals and service users

Risk factors associated with hospital admission in COVID-19 patients initially admitted to an observation unit

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.Background No set guidelines to guide disposition decisions from the emergency department (ED) in patients with COVID-19 exist. Our goal was to determine characteristics that identify patients at high risk for adverse outcomes who may need admission to the hospital instead of an observation unit. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 116 adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to an ED observation unit. We included patients with bilateral infiltrates on chest imaging, COVID-19 testing performed, and/or COVID-19 suspected as the primary diagnosis. The primary outcome was hospital admission. We assessed risk factors associated with this outcome using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 116 patients, 33 or 28% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20–37%) required admission from the observation unit. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found that hypoxia defined as room-air oxygen saturation 48 years, bilateral infiltrates, hypoxia, and Hispanic race, bilateral infiltrates, hypoxia yield an OR for admission of 4.99 (CI 1.50–16.65) with an AUC of 0.59 (CI 0.51–0.67) and 6.78 (CI 2.11–21.85) with an AUC of 0.62 (CI 0.54–0.71), respectively. Conclusions Over 1/4 of suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to an ED observation unit ultimately required admission to the hospital. Risk factors associated with admission include hypoxia, bilateral infiltrates on chest radiography, or the combination of these two factors plus either age > 48 years or Hispanic race

A Forward Genetic Screen Reveals Novel Independent Regulators of Ulbp1, an Activating Ligand for Natural Killer Cells

Recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system is crucial for limiting tumor growth. Natural killer (NK) cells become activated when the receptor NKG2D is engaged by ligands that are frequently upregulated in primary tumors and on cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms driving NKG2D ligand expression on tumor cells are not well defined. Using a forward genetic screen in a tumor-derived human cell line, we identified several novel factors supporting expression of the NKG2D ligand ULBP1. Our results show stepwise contributions of independent pathways working at multiple stages of ULBP1 biogenesis. Deeper investigation of selected hits from the screen showed that the transcription factor ATF4 drives ULBP1 gene expression in cancer cell lines, while the RNA-binding protein RBM4 supports ULBP1 expression by suppressing a novel alternatively spliced isoform of ULBP1 mRNA. These findings offer insight into the stress pathways that alert the immune system to danger

UReCA, the NCHC Web journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity

Our vision is an academic community without borders, a connected network of aspirational students committed to the advancement of knowledge and appreciation of the arts. UReCA fosters the exchange of intellectual and creative work between undergraduate students, providing a platform where students can engage with and contribute to the advancement of their individual fields. UReCA was first conceived by Johnny MacLean (Southern Utah University) and Brian White (Graceland University) at an annual NCHC conference in Phoenix, Arizona. MacLean and White noticed that while several academic outlets existed for honors faculty and administrators, there was an absence of student-focused publications within the NCHC community. Inspired by the experiential education model used by Partners in the Parks, Johnny and Brian saw another opportunity for honors students to engage in experiential learning. Their vision: an international undergraduate journal, peer reviewed and produced for the web by an interdisciplinary community of honors students

Antimicrobial Resistance and Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence

The Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) trial found that recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) with resistant organisms were more common in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis (TSP) arm. We describe factors associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance of rUTIs in RIVUR

Longitudinal Invariance Testing Of The Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score For Joint Replacement Scale (KOOS-JR)

# Background The Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR) is a seven-item patient reported outcome measure used to assess perceived knee health. Though commonly used, the longitudinal psychometric properties of the KOOS-JR have not been established and further characterization of its structural validity and multi-group invariance properties is warranted. # Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the KOOS-JR in a large sample of patients who received care for knee pathology. # Study Design Original research. # Methods Longitudinal data extracted from the Surgical Outcome System (SOS) database of 13,470 knee pathology patients who completed the KOOS-JR at baseline, three-months, six- months, and one-year. Scale structure was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while multi-group and longitudinal invariance properties were assessed with CFA-based procedures. Latent group means were compared with statistical significance set at α ≤ .05 and Cohen’s d effect size as d = 0.2 (small), d = 0.5 (medium), and d = 0.8 (large). # Results CFA results exceeded goodness-of-fit indices at all timepoints. Multi-group invariance properties passed test requirements. Longitudinal analysis identified a biased item resulting in removal of item #1; the retained six-item model (KOOS-JR-6) passed longitudinal invariance requirements. KOOS-JR-6 scores significantly changed over time (p ≤ .001, Mdiff = 1.08, Cohen’s d = 0.57): the highest scores were at baseline examination and the lowest at 12-month assessment. # Conclusions The KOOS-JR can be used to assess baseline differences between males and females, middle and older aged adults, and patients receiving total knee arthroplasty or non-operative care. Caution is warranted if the KOOS-JR is used longitudinally due to potential measurement error associated with item #1. The KOOS-JR-6 may be a more viable option to assess change over time; however, more research is warranted. # Level of Evidence 3 © The Author(s