Ultrastructural changes of collagen and elastin in human gingiva during orthodontic tooth movement

After 15 days of mesializing or distalizing orthodontic treatment, 10 permanent premolars of young patients were extracted with the interdental gingiva. The connective tissues of the compressed or stretched interdental papillae were compared to that of untreated samples by light and transmission electron microscope.Large collagen fibres bundles represented by fibrils with a banding pattern of 64 nm and a mean diameter of 75 nm were observed in compressed interdental gingiva. Several elastic fibres with a mean diameter of 950 nm were also present. In some central areas of compressed gingiva collagen fibrils longitudinally split into widely spaced microfibrils were often observed in proximity to the elastic fibres.In stretched and untreated interdental papillae the collagen fibrils presented a mean diameter of 66 nm and 57 nm respectively. In both groups, few elastic fibres ranging in diameter 600 nm were seen. The increased size of the gingival collagen fibrils undergoing pressure and tension is indicative of remodelling of the fibrous collagen system.The fair increase in number and size of elastic fibres in compressed gingiva suggests that the elastic fibre system takes over the place whenever a collapse of the collagenous framework occurs.Après 15 jours de traitement orthodontique par mésialisation ou distalisation, 10 prémolaires permanentes ont été extraites chez de jeunes patients, ainsi que la gencive interdentaire adjacente. Le tissu conjonctif des papilles interdentaires comprimées ou étirées a été comparé avec celui d’échantillons de dents n’ayant pas subi de traitement. L’observation a été faite en microscopie classique et en microscopie électronique à transmission. Dans la gencive interdentaire comprimée, on observe de longs faisceaux de fibres de collagène faits de fibrilles qui présentent une périodicité de 64 nm et un diamètre inférieur à 75 nm. Ont été observées également de fibres élastiques d’une diamètre inférieur à 950 nm. Dans certaines zones centrales de gencive comprimée, on peut voir, à proximité dess fibres élastiques, des fibrilles de collagène réparties longitudinalement en microfibrilles très espacées.Dans la gencive interdentaire étirée et dans celle non soumise au traitement orthodontique, les fibrilles de collagène présentent un diamètre de 66 nm et 57 nm respectivement. Dans ces deux groupes, on note un très petit nombre de fibres élastiques de 600 nm de diamètre. L’augmentation du nombre et de la taille des fibres élastiques dans la gencive comprimée indique que le système de fibres élastiques remplace la trame collagène qui a subi un collapsus

Refertazione dell'emoglobina glicata in presenza di varianti emoglobiniche

Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a key-role laboratory test in the management of diabetic patients. Clinicians need reliable and accurate measurements, with negligible pre-analytical and post-analytical errors. Among the pre-analytical variables, the presence of hemoglobin variants is a challenge to the laboratorians: the purpose of this document is to give some practical advices on how to report HbA1c values in presence of hemoglobin variants. Reporting is quite simple if measurement are carried on by HPLC and other similar analytical methods, when the Hb variant is well separated and does not interfere with HbA or HbA1c, such as in case of heterozygosis for HbS, HbC, HbD and HbE. In case of homozygosis or double heterozygosis for such variants the HbA1c values should not to be reported. Unusual HbA1c values, typically 15% (142 mmol/mol), could indicate the presence of hemoglobin variants. In these cases other approaches to the retrospective evaluation of glycemic control, based on the measurement of the glycation of different proteins, such as albumin, should be followed. Copyright original

Perilaku Inovasi Karyawan Ditinjau Dari Empat Kuadran Iklim Organisasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara iklim organisasi denganperilaku inovasi karyawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif denganmetode korelasional, melibatkan 36 orang karyawan yang bekerja di harian Tribun Medandan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan nonrandom sampling yaitu conviniencesampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklim organisasi memiliki tiga kuadran yangberhubungan dengan perilaku inovasi yaitu kuadran human relation model, rational goalmodel dan open system model, sedangkan satu kuadran lainnya yaitu internal process modeltidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dengan perilaku inovasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitianini dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan perilaku inovasi karyawan di suatuperusahaan, maka pihak manajemen patut pula untuk memperhitungan iklim organisasi yangberkembang di Perusahaannya

Raccomandazioni per l\u2019esecuzione della Curva Standard da Carico Orale di Glucosio (OGTT) per la diagnosi di Diabete Mellito

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is a fractional method which measures the body's ability to metabolize glucose. Despite its large-scale use, the OGTT is still not appropriately performed in most of the Italian laboratories, as proven by our previous recent survey. In particular, we have provided evidence for the variability for execution of the OGTT in Italian laboratories indicating a poor tendency to standardise the procedures and the methodologies. These findings have been a stimulus to promote an effective Nationwide educational campaign, in order to standardise the procedures for the diagnosis of altered glucose metabolism and diabetes. The present document reports therefore the recommendations concerning the OGTT performed for the classification of diabetes. These recommendations do not apply to the execution of the OGTT during pregnancy for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus