Nurse Competencies in Home Care for Dependent Elderly People Competências do Enfermeiro na Assistência Domiciliária aos Idosos Dependentes

O envelhecimento populacional é hoje um fenômeno mundial, que pode ser visto tanto em países desenvolvidos quanto em países em desenvolvimento. Tem se verificado a verdadeira revolução demográfica desde o início do século e estima-se que o número de idosos no mundo, com 60 anos ou mais, duplique até 2050 e mais do que triplique até 2100, passando de 962 milhões em 2017 para 2,1 mil milhões em 2050 e 3,1 mil milhões em 2100. Descrever as competências do enfermeiro na assistência domiciliária aos idosos dependentes. Elencar os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem e as intervenções de enfermagem aos idosos dependentes com necessidades de assistência domiciliária. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, para a obtenção da coleta de dados e seleção dos artigos foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico no portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) que nela está contida as seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), BDENF enfermagem (Brasil) e Ministério da Saúde; os Descritores utilizados: Envelhecimento, Enfermagem, Assistência Domiciliária e Competências. Os artigos incluídos: Artigos nacionais; Artigos em português; Artigos publicados na íntegra e Artigos publicados nos últimos 05 anos (2018 a 2023). A revisão contou com 50 artigos; entre as competências na assistência os autores destacam a liderança, o trabalho em equipe, relação interpessoal, educação permanente, gestão, tomada de decisão e ética. Os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem: falta de adesão, proteção ineficaz, síndrome do idoso frágil, deglutição desequilibrada: menor que as necessidades corporais, Interação social prejudicada, Risco de quedas, dor Crônica. Entre as intervenções de enfermagem: Estabelecer uma relação interpessoal de confiança com o paciente. Estimular a integridade familiar; transmitir empatia, com o intuito de promover a verbalização de dúvidas, medos, preocupações e os motivos  de  sua  insatisfação.  Auxiliar  o  paciente  a  não  se  ver  como desamparado, ajudando-o a identificar pontos importantes e vantagens pessoais. Auxiliar o paciente a identificar o que ele pode fazer por si, para não se sentir mais limitado. Criar um ambiente seguro para o paciente. Remover perigos ambientais. Conclui-se que o perfil de diagnósticos de enfermagem identificado pode contribuir para o incremento de indicadores sensíveis à prática de enfermagem, com o planejamento e implementação de medidas assistenciais direcionadas as reais necessidades dos idosos dependentes impactando na maior autonomia, independência e consequentemente na qualidade de vid

Lung tumorspheres as a drug screening platform against cancer stem cells

Treatment resistance and metastasis are linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs). This population represents a promising target, but remains unexplored in lung cancer. The main objective of this study was to characterize lung CSCs and discover new therapeutic strategies

MicroRNAs: Promising New Antiangiogenic Targets in Cancer

[EN] MicroRNAs are one class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that are approximately 22 nucleotides in length; they are very numerous, have been phylogenetically conserved, and involved in biological processes such as development, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. MicroRNAs contribute to modulating the expression levels of specific proteins based on sequence complementarity with their target mRNA molecules and so they play a key role in both health and disease. Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation from preexisting ones, which is particularly relevant to cancer and its progression. Over the last few years, microRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of signalling pathways in multiple cell types including endothelial and perivascular cells. This review summarises the role of miRNAs in tumour angiogenesis and their potential implications as therapeutic targets in cancer.This study was partially supported by a Grant from Ministerio de Ciencia e Inovacion de Espana (TRA09-0132), Beca Roche en Onco-Hematologia 2009, and Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RD12/0036/0025).Gallach, S.; Calabuig-Farinas, S.; Jantus Lewintre, E.; Camps, C. (2014). MicroRNAs: Promising New Antiangiogenic Targets in Cancer. BioMed Research International. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/878450S201

Interplay Between MicroRNAs and Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Conditions with a Focus on Ovarian Cancer and Endometriosis.

Ovarian cancer and endometriosis are two distinct gynaecological conditions that share many biological aspects incuding proliferation, invasion of surrounding tissue, inflammation, inhibition of apoptosis, deregulation of angiogenesis and the ability to spread at a distance. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (19-22 nt) that act as post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression and are involved in several of the aforementioned processes. In addition, a growing body of evidence supports the contribution of oxidative stress (OS) to these gynaecological diseases: increased peritoneal OS due to the decomposition of retrograde menstruation blood facilitates both endometriotic lesion development and fallopian tube malignant transformation leading to high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Furthermore, as HGSOC develops, increased OS levels are associated with chemoresistance. Finally, continued bleeding within ovarian endometrioma raises OS levels and contributes to the development of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Therefore, this review aims to address the need for a better understanding of the dialogue between miRNAs and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of ovarian conditions: endometriosis, EAOC and HGSO

Analysis of the prognostic role of an immune checkpoint score in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Oncoimmunology on 2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/2162402X.2016.1260214[EN] Tumors develop mechanisms to recruit tolerogenic immune cells and to induce the expression of molecules that act as immune checkpoints. This regulation of the immune microenvironment favors immune tolerance to the neoplastic cells. In this study, we have investigated the prognostic role of immune-checkpoint expression markers in a cohort of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. RNA was isolated from fresh-frozen lung specimens (tumor and normal lung) (n = 178). RTqPCR was performed to analyze the relative expression of 20 immune-related genes that were normalized by the use of endogenous genes selected by GeNorm algorithm. Patients with higher expression levels of IL23A and LGALS2 presented better outcomes. In the clustering expression patterns, we observed that patients with higher expression of immunoregulatory genes had better survival rates. Additionally, these data were used to develop a gene expression score. Since CTLA4 and PD1 were associated with prognosis based on Cox regression analysis (Z-score > 1.5), a multivariate model including these two genes was created. Absolute regression coefficients from this analysis were used in order to calculate the immunecheckpoint score: (PD1 x 0.116) + (CTLA4 x 0.059) for each case. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high immune-checkpoint score have longer overall survival (OS) [NR vs. 40.4 mo, p = 0.008] and longer relapse-free survival (RFS) [82.6 vs. 23 mo, p = 0.009]. Multivariate analysis in the entire cohort indicated that the immune-checkpoint score was an independent biomarker of prognosis for OS [HR: 0.308; 95% CI, 0.156-0.609; p = 0.001] and RFS [HR: 0.527; 95% CI, 0.298-0.933; p = 0.028] in early-stage NSCLC patients. In conclusion, this score provides relevant prognostic information for a better characterization of early stage NSCLS patients with strikingly different outcomes and who may be candidates for immune-based therapies.This work was supported by the Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RD12/0036/0025) and the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PI09/01147, PI09/01149 and PI12/02838)Usó, M.; Jantus-Lewintre, E.; Calabuig-Farinas, S.; Blasco, A.; Garcia Del Olmo, E.; Guijarro, R.; Martorell, M.... (2017). Analysis of the prognostic role of an immune checkpoint score in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncoimmunology (Online). 6(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2016.1260214S1106

An integrated analysis of miRNA and gene copy numbers in xenografts of Ewing's sarcoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Xenografts have been shown to provide a suitable source of tumor tissue for molecular analysis in the absence of primary tumor material. We utilized ES xenograft series for integrated microarray analyses to identify novel biomarkers.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Microarray technology (array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and micro RNA arrays) was used to screen and identify copy number changes and differentially expressed miRNAs of 34 and 14 passages, respectively. Incubated cells used for xenografting (Passage 0) were considered to represent the primary tumor. Four important differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-31, miR-31*, miR-145, miR-106) were selected for further validation by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Integrated analysis of aCGH and miRNA data was performed on 14 xenograft passages by bioinformatic methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The most frequent losses and gains of DNA copy number were detected at 9p21.3, 16q and at 8, 15, 17q21.32-qter, 1q21.1-qter, respectively. The presence of these alterations was consistent in all tumor passages. aCGH profiles of xenograft passages of each series resembled their corresponding primary tumors (passage 0). MiR-21, miR-31, miR-31*, miR-106b, miR-145, miR-150*, miR-371-5p, miR-557 and miR-598 showed recurrently altered expression. These miRNAS were predicted to regulate many ES-associated genes, such as genes of the IGF1 pathway, <it>EWSR1, FLI1 </it>and their fusion gene (<it>EWS-FLI1</it>). Twenty differentially expressed miRNAs were pinpointed in regions carrying altered copy numbers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In the present study, ES xenografts were successfully applied for integrated microarray analyses. Our findings showed expression changes of miRNAs that were predicted to regulate many ES associated genes, such as IGF1 pathway genes, <it>FLI1, EWSR1</it>, and the <it>EWS-FLI1 </it>fusion genes.</p

CD5 and CD6 as immunoregulatory biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer

Background: The study of immune surveillance in the tumour microenvironment is leading to the development of new biomarkers and therapies. The present research focuses on the expression of CD5 and CD6 - two lymphocyte surface markers involved in the fine tuning of TCR signaling - as potential prognostic biomarkers in resectable stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: CD5 and CD6 gene expression was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) in 186 paired fresh frozen tumour and normal tissue samples of resected NSCLC. Results: Patients with higher CD5 expression had significantly increased overall survival (OS, 49.63 vs. 99.90 months, p=0.013). CD5 expression levels were correlated to CD4 infiltration and expression levels, and survival analysis showed that patients with a higher CD5/CD4+ ratio had significantly improved prognosis. Multivariate analysis established CD5 expression as an independent prognostic biomarker for OS in early stages of NSCLC [HR=0.554; 95% CI, 0.360-0.853; p=0.007]. Further survival analysis of NSCLC cases (n=97) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, confirmed the prognostic value of both CD5 and CD6 expression¸ although CD6 expression alone did not reach significant prognostic value in our NSCLC training cohort. Conclusions: Our data support further studies on CD5 and CD6 as novel prognostic markers in resectable NSCLC and other cancer types (i.e., melanoma), as well as a role for these receptors in immune surveillance

La motivación de las tareas digitales mediante “pseudo-ApS” en Biología Celular del grado de Medicina

[ES] Los grupos tutorizados de la asignatura “Biología” de 1º de Medicina (Universitat de València) son un entorno estupendo en el que desarrollas actividades que aúnen el carácter formativo conceptual con el desarrollo competencial transversal. Para ello, en el curso 19-20, hemos implementado la vinculación de la cuenta institucional UV con Microsoft 365, gracias al convenio existente entre ambas entidades para facilitar la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs) en la gestión del tiempo y del intercambio de información. Se propone a los alumnos la elaboración de objetos de aprendizaje propios y originales, en formato animación, que serán utilizados durante los próximos dos años por otros estudiantes y en último término, por asociaciones externas, en un proyecto que trata de aunar el Aprendizaje-Servicio con la utilización de las TIC en un contexto en que el alumno se hace responsable de su aprendizaje y del de sus compañeros.[EN] The tutored groups of the subject “Biology” of 1st year of Medicine (Universitat de València) are a wonderful environment in which you develop activities that combine the character of conceptual training with the transversal development of competences. For this purpose, during the academic year 19-20, we have implemented the link between the UV institutional account with Microsoft 365, thanks to the existing agreement between both entities to facilitate the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the management of the time and information exchange. Students are proposed to create their own original learning objects, in animation format, which will be used over the next two years by other students and ultimately by external associations, in a project that tries to combine Service-Learning with the use of ICT in a context in which students are responsible for their own learning and that of his classmates.San-Miguel, T.; Megias, J.; Serna, E.; Calabuig, S.; Morales, JM.; Montoliu, C.; Monleón, D. (2021). La motivación de las tareas digitales mediante “pseudo-ApS” en Biología Celular del grado de Medicina. En IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 866-873. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2020.2020.11966OCS86687

Soluble galectin-3 as a microenvironment-relevant immunoregulator with prognostic and predictive value in lung adenocarcinoma

Despite the success of therapies in lung cancer, more studies of new biomarkers for patient selection are urgently needed. The present study aims to analyze the role of galectin-3 (GAL-3) in the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) using tumorspheres as a model and explore its potential role as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. For in vitro studies, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) primary cultures from early-stage patients and commercial cell lines were cultured, using tumorsphere-forming assays and adherent conditions for the control counterparts. We analyzed the pattern of secretion and expression of GAL-3 using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RTqPCR), immunoblot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and immunoassay analysis. Our results using three-dimensional (3D) models of lung tumor cells revealed that soluble GAL-3 (sGAL-3) is highly expressed and secreted. To more accurately mimic the TME, a co-culture of tumorspheres and fibroblasts was used, revealing that GAL-3 could be important as an immunomodulatory molecule expressed and secreted in the TME, modulating immunosuppression through regulatory T cells (TREGS). In the translational phase, we confirmed that patients with high expression levels of GAL-3 had more TREGS, which suggests that tumors may be recruiting this population through GAL-3. Next, we evaluated levels of sGAL-3 before surgery in LUAD and LUSC patients, hypothesizing that sGAL-3 could be used as an independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival and relapse-free survival in early-stage LUAD patients. Additionally, levels of sGAL-3 at pretreatment and first response assessment from plasma to predict clinical outcomes in advanced LUAD and LUSC patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab were evaluated, further supporting that sGAL-3 has a high efficiency in predicting durable clinical response to pembrolizumab with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.801 (p=0.011). Moreover, high levels might predict decreased progression-free survival and overall survival to anti-PD-1 therapy, with sGAL-3 being a prognosis-independent biomarker for advanced LUAD

Update on systemic treatment in early triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease representing about 15% of all breast cancers. TNBC are usually high-grade histological tumors, and are generally more aggressive and difficult to treat due to the lack of targeted therapies available, and chemotherapy remains the standard treatment. There is a close relationship between pathological complete response after chemotherapy treatment and higher rates of disease-free survival and overall survival. In this review of systemic treatment in early triple negative breast cancer, our purpose is to analyze and compare different therapies, as well as to highlight the novelties of treatment in this breast cancer subtype.The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors acknowledge grant CB16-12-00350 from CIBEROnc, the AMACMA foundation, and Lopez Trigo 2017.Medicin