Extracció amb CO2 supercrític. I. Una alternativa als dissolvents per a l'obtenció d'extractes naturals dels aliments

La tècnica d'extracció amb fluids supercrítics a la indústria alimentària i amb CO2 com a dissolvent està plenament establerta, sobretot en processos de descafeïnat de cafè i te, extracció de llúpol, extracció d'aromes i sabors d'espècies i herbes aromàtiques i separació del colesterol de la mantega, la carn i el rovell de l'ou. L'ESC és una tècnica de separació respectuosa amb el medi ambient i pot substituir progressivament molts dels processos d'extracció duts a terme amb uns dissolvents orgànics, que són en general potencialment tòxics, inflamables i tenen un preu elevat. L'ESC presenta un futur encoratjador en processos d'extracció i separació de principis actius de productes naturals pels seus avantatges. Aquesta primera part correspon a les bases teòriques de la nova tècnica d'extracció. En una segona part es presentaran les aplicacions industrials. Aquest article correspon a un resum adaptat d'un treball més complet que ha estat publicat en un review al Food Science and Technology International (octubre 2002), i constitueix el capítol 5 del llibre sobre tecnologies emergents (gener 2003).The extraction technique in the food industry by using supercritical fluids, and with CO2 as solvent, is widely established, especially in caffeine removing from coffee and tea, in the extraction of hops, flavours and fragrances from spices and aromatic herbs, as well as in the separation of cholesterol from butter, meat and egg-yolk. The ESC is an environmental friendly technique and is able to substitute progressively a lot of extraction processes based on organic solvents, which are usually potentially toxic, flammable and expensive.Due to their advantages, ESC shows an encouraging future in the processes of extraction and separation of the active substances in natural products. The present article is an abstracts from the complete job that has been published as a review in FSTI (October 2002) and corresponds to chapter 5 of the book on emergent technologies (January 2003)

Extracció amb CO2 supercrític: II. Aplicacions a la indústria alimentària

La tècnica d'extracció amb fluids supercrítics (ESC) a la indústria alimentària i amb CO2 com a dissolvent està plenament establerta, sobretot en processos de descafeïnat de cafè i te, extracció de llúpol, extracció d'aromes i sabors d'espècies i herbes aromàtiques i separació del colesterol de la mantega, la carn i el rovell de l'ou. L'ESC és una tècnica de separació respectuosa amb el medi ambient i pot substituir progressivament molts dels processos d'extracció realitzats amb dissolvents orgànics, que són en general potencialment tòxics, inflamables i tenen un preu elevat. L'ESC presenta un futur encoratjador en processos d'extracció i separació de principis actius en productes naturals pels seus avantatges. El present article correspon a un resum adaptat del treball complet que ha estat publicat en una revisió al Food Science and Technology International (FSTI) (octubre 2002) i constitueix el capítol 5 del llibre sobre tecnologies emergents (gener 2003).The extraction technique with supercritical fluids at food industries, and with CO2 as a solvent, is fully established, mainly in processes for caffeine extraction in coffee and tea, hops extraction, flavours and fragrances extraction from spices and aromatic herbs, as for cholesterol separation from butter, fats, meat and egg yolk. The SCE is a separation technique that is environmental friendly and can substitute progressively many of the extraction processes that use organic potentially toxic and flammable solvents and have a high cost. SCE shows a pretty good future due to its advantage for extraction and separation processes of active components in natural products. This article corresponds to an adaptation of the original that has been published in a Review at Food Science and Technology International (FSTI) (2002, October) and is the 5th chapter of the book about Emergent Technologies (2003, January)

Zeb2 regulates myogenic differentiation in pluripotent stem cells

Skeletal muscle differentiation is triggered by a unique family of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, including MyoD, MRF-4, Myf-5, and Myogenin. These transcription factors bind promoters and distant regulatory regions, including E-box elements, of genes whose expression is restricted to muscle cells. Other E-box binding zinc finger proteins target the same DNA response elements, however, their function in muscle development and regeneration is still unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2, Sip-1, Zfhx1b) is present in skeletal muscle tissues. We investigate the role of Zeb2 in skeletal muscle differentiation using genetic tools and transgenic mouse embryonic stem cells, together with single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo muscle engraftment capability. We show that Zeb2 over-expression has a positive impact on skeletal muscle differentiation in pluripotent stem cells and adult myogenic progenitors. We therefore propose that Zeb2 is a novel myogenic regulator and a possible target for improving skeletal muscle regeneration. The non-neural roles of Zeb2 are poorly understood

Time-Frequency Coupled Proportional Fair Scheduler with Multicarrier Awareness for LTE Downlink

Abstract-Proportional fair schedulers have been thoroughly used in Long Term Evolution (LTE) due to their ability to provide a good trade-off between cell spectral efficiency and user fairness. Current algorithms provide suboptimum solutions at a low computational cost, but present several drawbacks. This paper proposes a Coupled and Multicarrier Aware PFS (CMA-PFS) for LTE downlink that increases efficiency as compared with current algorithms with independent time and frequency domain scheduling, referred to as Decoupled PFS (D-PFS). The proposed algorithm includes new features such as tight coupling between time and frequency domain scheduling and multicarrier transmission awareness. Simulations have been conducted using an International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) compliant semi-static simulator. Results show that the CMA-PFS improves proportional fairness as compared with D-PFS that is reflected both in an increase of cell spectral efficiency (around +2%) and a higher cell-edge user spectral efficiency (around +10%) in a Single User MIMO (SU-MIMO) system

Optimization of a class of non-convex objectives on the Gaussian MIMO multiple access channel: Algorithm development and convergence analysis

In this paper we develop an algorithm for computing the optimal transmission parameters, which include the transmission covariance, the time-shares and the user-orderings that minimize a particular class of objectives defined over the capacity region of Gaussian multiple antenna multiple access channels. This class includes objectives that are twice-differentiable, non-increasing and convex in the users' rates, but not necessarily convex in the aforementioned transmission par

Percepción de los residentes sobre el legado de la America’s Cup

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las percepciones de los residentes sobre el legado de un gran evento deportivo como es la America’s Cup (AC) celebrada en Valencia en 2007 y 2010. Se utilizó una encuesta compuesta por una escala de 41 ítems que contemplaban diversos legados positivos y negativos agrupados en seis dimensiones: legado socioeconómico; legado en el desarrollo urbano e infraestructuras; legado en la imagen,política y conocimiento; legado deportivo; legado sociocultural; y legado negativo. Se recogió una muestra de 735 residentes con un error de muestreo ±3.6. Los resultados permitieron identificar tres grupos de residentes con percepciones diferentes hacia el legado de la AC: pesimistas (46.9%), indiferentes (38.4%) y optimistas (14.7%). La mayoría de los ciudadanos entrevistados no se mostraba de acuerdo en que este evento deportivo hayagenerado legados positivos a nivel socioeconómico, en el desarrollo urbano y las infraestructuras, en el deporte y a nivel sociocultural, mientras que se observaba cierta tendencia al acuerdo en algunos legados negativos. Sólo el legado en la imagen, política y conocimiento adquirido por los residentes mostraba una tendencia positiva para la mayoría de los ciudadanos encuestados

Zeb2 regulates myogenic differentiation in pluripotent stem cells

Skeletal muscle differentiation is triggered by a unique family of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, including MyoD, MRF-4, Myf-5, and Myogenin. These transcription factors bind promoters and distant regulatory regions, including E-box elements, of genes whose expression is restricted to muscle cells. Other E-box binding zinc finger proteins target the same DNA response elements, however, their function in muscle development and regeneration is still unknown. Here, we show that the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2, Sip-1, Zfhx1b) is present in skeletal muscle tissues. We investigate the role of Zeb2 in skeletal muscle differentiation using genetic tools and transgenic mouse embryonic stem cells, together with single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo muscle engraftment capability. We show that Zeb2 over-expression has a positive impact on skeletal muscle differentiation in pluripotent stem cells and adult myogenic progenitors. We therefore propose that Zeb2 is a novel myogenic regulator and a possible target for improving skeletal muscle regeneration. The non-neural roles of Zeb2 are poorly understood

Maharam-type kernel representation for operators with a trigonometric domination

[EN] Consider a linear and continuous operator T between Banach function spaces. We prove that under certain requirements an integral inequality for T is equivalent to a factorization of T through a specific kernel operator: in other words, the operator T has what we call a Maharam-type kernel representation. In the case that the inequality provides a domination involving trigonometric functions, a special factorization through the Fourier operator is given. We apply this result to study the problem that motivates the paper: the approximation of functions in L2[0, 1] by means of trigonometric series whose Fourier coefficients are given by weighted trigonometric integrals.This research has been supported by MTM2016-77054-C2-1-P (Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spain).Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2017). Maharam-type kernel representation for operators with a trigonometric domination. Aequationes Mathematicae. 91(6):1073-1091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00010-017-0507-6S10731091916Calabuig, J.M., Delgado, O., Sánchez Pérez, E.A.: Generalized perfect spaces. Indag. Math. 19(3), 359–378 (2008)Calabuig, J.M., Delgado, O., Sánchez Pérez, E.A.: Factorizing operators on Banach function spaces through spaces of multiplication operators. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 364, 88–103 (2010)Delgado, O., Sánchez Pérez, E.A.: Strong factorizations between couples of operators on Banach function spaces. J. Convex Anal. 20(3), 599–616 (2013)Dodds, P.G., Huijsmans, C.B., de Pagter, B.: Characterizations of conditional expectation type operators. Pacific J. Math. 141(1), 55–77 (1990)Flores, J., Hernández, F.L., Tradacete, P.: Domination problems for strictly singular operators and other related classes. Positivity 15(4), 595–616 (2011). 2011Fremlin, D.H.: Tensor products of Banach lattices. Math. Ann. 211, 87–106 (1974)Hu, G.: Weighted norm inequalities for bilinear Fourier multiplier operators. Math. Ineq. Appl. 18(4), 1409–1425 (2015)Halmos, P., Sunder, V.: Bounded Integral Operators on $$L^2$$ L 2 Spaces. Springer, Berlin (1978)Kantorovitch, L., Vulich, B.: Sur la représentation des opérations linéaires. Compositio Math. 5, 119–165 (1938)Kolwicz, P., Leśnik, K., Maligranda, L.: Pointwise multipliers of Calderón- Lozanovskii spaces. Math. Nachr. 286, 876–907 (2013)Kolwicz, P., Leśnik, K., Maligranda, L.: Pointwise products of some Banach function spaces and factorization. J. Funct. Anal. 266(2), 616–659 (2014)Kuo, W.-C., Labuschagne, C.C.A., Watson, B.A.: Conditional expectations on Riesz spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 303, 509–521 (2005)Lindenstrauss, J., Tzafriri, L.: Classical Banach Spaces II. Springer, Berlin (1979)Maharam, D.: The representation of abstract integrals. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 75, 154–184 (1953)Maharam, D.: On kernel representation of linear operators. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 79, 229–255 (1955)Maligranda, L., Persson, L.E.: Generalized duality of some Banach function spaces. Indag. Math. 51, 323–338 (1989)Neugebauer, C.J.: Weighted norm inequalities for averaging operators of monotone functions. Publ. Mat. 35, 429–447 (1991)Okada, S., Ricker, W.J., Sánchez Pérez, E.A.: Optimal Domain and Integral Extension of Operators Acting in Function Spaces. Operator Theory: Adv. Appl., vol. 180. Birkhäuser, Basel (2008)Rota, G.C.: On the representation of averaging operators. Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Padova. 30, 52–64 (1960)Sánchez Pérez, E.A.: Factorization theorems for multiplication operators on Banach function spaces. Integr. Equ. Oper. Theory 80(1), 117–135 (2014)Schep, A.R.: Factorization of positive multilinear maps. Ill. J. Math. 28(4), 579–591 (1984)Schep, A.R.: Products and factors of Banach function spaces. Positivity 14(2), 301–319 (2010

Efecto de cubiertas vegetales permanentes en la fertilidad del cultivo de cítricos ecológicos

Se han estudiado diferentes cubiertas vegetales permanentes en mandarinos ecológicos y convencionales de Alzira, en suelo arenoso, para comprobar su comportamiento fertilizante y su crecimiento. En plantación joven, con aspersión, se sembró alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sola y junto a ray-grass inglés (Lolium perenne), trévoles (Trifolium subterraneum+T. repens) y mielgas (Medicago rugosa+M. truncatula+M. polymorpha). En Clemenules adultos a goteo se estudiaron las silvestres en la conducción ecológica, y el no laboreo con herbicidas en la convencional. La evolución muestra como trévoles y mielgas degeraron muy deprisa, dando paso a silvestres (grama -Cynodon dactylon- en verano, y Bromus spp. y otras en invierno), descartándolos como coberturas en estas condiciones. La alfalfa es la que mejor ha resistido la competencia de las hierbas en condiciones de insolación alta y aspersión. En biomasa y cobertura no se han encontrado diferencias entre alfalfa y grama, mientras que las demás eran menores, sobre todo en los adultos, por su sombreado