Individual Differences in Eyewitness Testimony

Eyewitness testimony plays a crucial role in the justice system. Misidentification from eyewitnesses was reported in 70% of 300 DNA exonerations of wrongfully convicted individuals (Wixted et al., 2015). Similarly, many convicts can also be set free because of juror’s faulty eyewitness recall during examination. Previous research indicated that females are more reliable in recall than men. However, these findings were not extensively examined with regards to time delay prior to the trial. Thus, it is important to systematically examine the various factors that influence eyewitness testimony. The present study was designed to empirically examine the effects of gender, interview technique, and time interval on eyewitness recall. It was hypothesized that female participants would outscore male participants in both facial and detail recall. It was also hypothesized that the cognitive interview would yield more accurate details about the crime in comparison to the standard interview. It was hypothesized that recall for participants would decay as the time interval increased. One hundred and four participants were randomly selected from a southeastern university to participate in the study. Ages of the participants ranged from 18-40 and consisted of fifty-two males and fifty-two females. They were required to complete a series of questionnaires consisting of demographics, mood measure, personality test, and standard/cognitive interviews. The results showed a significant effect between gender, interview technique, and time interval on detail recall. In addition, there was a significant main effect for interview type. There was a significant effect of gender and time interval on facial recall. It was found that extraversion significantly predicted detail recall as did agreeableness and neuroticism. The present findings further extend previous research examining the most effective interviewing techniques for eyewitness recall. It also indicated that females can accurately recall faces after a time delay in comparison to men. Furthermore, these results also clearly indicate that gender and time interval play a significant role in facial recall. Finally, the findings have practical implications for the jury selection system. For example, attorneys and judges might be inclined to choose women over men for specific cases where eyewitness details may be crucial for conviction. In addition, they may also use facial shots in order to enhance eyewitness recall. Personality measures can assist detectives to determine if a suspect is suitable for an interview. If at all possible, administering personality test for jurors may help in determining certain personality types are more prone to error

Sweetest Little Rose in Tennessee

Sheet music contains anti-Black, racist language, stereotypes, and/or imagry. Contains advertisements and/or short musical examples of pieces being sold by publisher.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/6842/thumbnail.jp

Geometric Aspects of Ambrosetti-Prodi operators with Lipschitz nonlinearities

For Dirichlet boundary conditions on a bounded domain, what happens to the critical set of the Ambrosetti-Prodi operator if the nonlinearity is only a Lipschitz map? It turns out that many properties which hold in the smooth case are preserved, despite of the fact that the operator is not even differentiable at some points. In particular, a global Lyapunov-Schmidt decomposition of great convenience for numerical inversion is still available

Psychometric validation of the Spanish version of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure applied to dental students.

Aim: To carry out a psychometric evaluation of the Spanish-language version of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) applied to dental students. Methods: A total of 1,391 students from nine Spanish public schools of dentistry responded to the DREEM questionnaire. To analyse the reliability of the DREEM questionnaire, the internal consistency was assessed and a 'test-retest' carried out. Validity was evaluated through analysis of item response rate, floor and ceiling effects, corrected item-total and item-subscale correlations and factor structure. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to analyse the structure of the original DREEM scale. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 'Educational Climate'(EC) global scale was 0.92. In the subscales, the 'observed' Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged between 0.57 and 0.79 and were higher than the 'expected' ones; except for the Social subscale. In the DREEM questionnaire, all of the corrected correlation coefficients between the items and the EC global scale, and the items and their corresponding subscales, were >0.2; except for items 50 and 17. All goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable values (close to one or zero, depending on the case), and there was consistency in the results. Conclusions: The Spanish-language version of the DREEM questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for analysing the EC for dental students and its factor structure is supported by the data. Although our findings indicate that the DREEM may be as culturally independent as was originally stated, more research should be directed at verifying the factor structure in various languages and cultural environments

Ion cyclotron wall conditioning experiments on Tore Supra in presence of the toroidal magnetic field

Wall conditioning techniques applicable in the presence of the high toroidal magnetic field will be required for the operation of ITER for tritium removal, isotopic ratio control and recovery to normal operation after disruptions. Recently ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) experiments have been carried out on Tore Supra in order to assess the efficiency of this technique in ITER relevant conditions. The ICRF discharges were operated in He/H-2 Mixtures at the Tore Supra nominal field (3.8 T) and a RF frequency of 48 MHz, i.e. within the ITER operational space. RF pulses of 60 s (max.) were applied using a standard Tore Supra two-strap resonant double loop antenna in ICWC mode, operated either in pi or 0-phasing with a noticeable improvement of the RF coupling in the latter case. In order to assess the efficiency of the technique for the control of isotopic ratio the wall was first preloaded using a D-2 glow discharge. After 15 minutes of ICWC in He/H-2 gas mixtures the isotopic ratio was altered from 4% to 50% at the price of an important H implantation into the walls. An overall analysis comparing plasma production and the conditioning efficiency as a function of discharge parameters is given

Two unusual cases of Gitelman's syndrome with a complex inheritance: how the phenotype can help interpret the genotype: lesson for the clinical nephrologist

Bartter\u2019s syndrome (BS) and Gitelman\u2019s syndrome (GS) are autosomal recessive disorders with overlapping features, caused by biallelic variants in six genes encoding proteins involved in renal electrolyte homeostasis in different districts of the nephron. Here we describe two patients with a clinical diagnosis of GS with a complex inheritance whose clinical interpretation and treatment proved challenging. In one patient, compound heterozygosity for two known pathogenic variant in the SLC12A3 gene was associated with an uncommon variant in the KCNJ1 gene (one of the known BS genes). The unusual severity of GS phenotype encountered in this patient led us to hypothesize that the missense variant can act as a genetic modifier by exacerbating the severity of the disease and by inducing BS-like clinical manifestations. In the other patient, two novel likely pathogenic variants in the SLC12A3 gene were coupled with a hitherto unreported rare variant in the SLC4A1 gene; the latter\u2019s disease-causing variants have been associated with both dominant and recessive forms of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Patient\u2019s medical history (he was clinically diagnosed with incomplete hypokalemic dRTA at 10 years old) supports the hypothesis of a dual molecular diagnosis and hence of a blended phenotype

Genetics and phenotypic heterogeneity of Dent disease: the dark side of the moon

Dent disease is a rare genetic proximal tubulopathy which is under-recognized. Its phenotypic heterogeneity has led to several different classifications of the same disorder, but it is now widely accepted that the triad of symptoms low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis are pathognomonic of Dent disease. Although mutations on the CLCN5 and OCRL genes are known to cause Dent disease, no such mutations are found in about 25-35% of cases, making diagnosis more challenging. This review outlines current knowledge regarding Dent disease from another perspective. Starting from the history of Dent disease, and reviewing the clinical details of patients with and without a genetic characterization, we discuss the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity that typifies this disease. We focus particularly on all those confounding clinical signs and symptoms that can lead to a misdiagnosis. We also try to shed light on a concealed aspect of Dent disease. Although it is a proximal tubulopathy, its misdiagnosis may lead to patients undergoing kidney biopsy. In fact, some individuals with Dent disease have high-grade proteinuria, with or without hematuria, as in the clinical setting of glomerulopathy, or chronic kidney disease of uncertain origin. Although glomerular damage is frequently documented in Dent disease patients' biopsies, there is currently no reliable evidence of renal biopsy being of either diagnostic or prognostic value. We review published histopathology reports of tubular and glomerular damage in these patients, and discuss current knowledge regarding the role of CLCN5 and OCRL genes in glomerular function