Spatial analysis of air passengers with respect to population and employment

The relationship between air transportation and urbanization at the national scale is investigated in order to illustrate its role in the post-war evolution of the Turkish urban system. Theory suggests that major transportation innovations have exhibited profound and prolonged interdependencies with patterns of growth in national or regional urban systems. As the most recent major intercity transportation innovation, it should be expected that utilization of air transportation should bear some relationship to patterns of growth in urban places. This paper investigates this relationship by using government air transportation data and Turkish Census data to correlate volumes of air passenger flows per capita with changes in population and employment for the 24 largest Turkish metropolitan areas and cities.The expectation that higher volumes of air passenger flow per capita exhibit a positive correlation with both previous and subsequent growth is confirmed by the analysis. At the same time, this relationship is investigated at the regional and provincial level. The results illustrate the importance of balance of air transportation and airport planning in balance urbanization and economic development of the provincies and regions. Further, especially increasing importance of Turkey's location as a result of globalisation requires the rapid and efficient development of hierarchical airport system in order to stimulate overall development and balanced urbanization.

False positivity of magnetic resonance imaging under the effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in a child with leukemia

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) increases the proliferation and maturation of committed polymorphonuclear leukocyte precursors, as well as the function of mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It has previously been shown in pediatric patients that G-CSF induces reconversion of fatty bone marrow to hematopoietic bone marrow in the pelvis and lower extremities that is detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we report a 13-year-old Burkitt leukemia patient with bone pain while he was in remission. He was on G-CSF after cessation of high-dose and low-dose cytarabine chemotherapy. He was suspected to have a leukemia relapse. Pelvic MRI was consistent with leukemic infiltration. However, the pathology of bone marrow biopsy resulted in normal findings. Thus it was suggested that concurrent administration of G-CSF could be the causative agent for both bone pain and false-positive MRI findings. The control MRI after interruption of G-CSF revealed normal findings. In conclusion, radiologists should be informed about the type of therapy, including G-CSF administration, in order to overcome misinterpretation of bone marrow MRI

The evaluation of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is considered a cause of conditions such as depression and eating disorders, and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Material and methods: This study was conducted as a prospective study at Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study included 73 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies (32 pregnant women with HG and 41 pregnant women without hyperemesis). Serum BDNF levels were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean age of the study group was 27.3 ± 3.5 years and the body mass index (BMI) was 22.4 ± 2.7 kg/m2. There is no statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group in terms of demographic data (p > 0.05). The pregnant women with HG were found to have significantly higher serum BDNF levels compared to the control group (349.1 ± 94.6 pg/mL vs 292. 3± 86.01, p = 0.009) Conclusions: Serum BDNF levels that are low in psychiatric disorders such as depression or anxiety were found as high in pregnant women with HG

Volume CXIV, Number 4, November 7, 1996

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%.Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespa

Treatment of high-grade glioma in children

Pediatric high-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, are difficult to treat and are associated with an extremely poor prognosis. For several decades, radical and safe surgical resection and radiotherapy have formed the cornerstone of therapy for pediatric high-grade gliomas. However, for the majority of affected children, these modalities only provide short-term clinical benefits and disease control, with the vast majority of these patients experiencing disease progression within 2 years. The infiltrative nature and the intrinsic radio-resistance of these tumors are believed to be the major contributors to the dismal prognosis displayed by these tumors. There are no effective chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of these tumors, but many new treatment options are in active investigation. The current belief is that multimodal therapy holds the greatest promise for pediatric high-grade gliomas

Synthesis of novel chiral bisoxazoline ligands with a norbornadiene backbone: use in the copper-catalyzed enantioselective Henry reaction

WOS: 000371304800003Novel chiral bisoxazoline ligands based on norbornadiene were synthesized and used for the asymmetric Henry reaction. Various aromatic aldehydes were converted into chiral beta-nitro alcohols with high yields and moderate to acceptable enantioselectivities under the optimized reaction conditions.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TBAG-110T856]We thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Grant No. TBAG-110T856) for the financial support