Níveis de aptidão física em escolares pré-puberes: uma comparação entre gêneros

diversas teorias, com o aumento das publicações e debates acadêmicos utilizados como pano de fundo, hoje, no universo escolar. Refletir sobre as desigualdades e promover a inclusão são um dos desafios dos educadores propostos pela ciência. Objetivo: Verificar se há diferenças de aptidão física entre meninos e meninas durante o ensino fundamental em uma escola particular de Brasília. Metodologia: Foram coletados dados de 44 crianças com idade média de 8,65 (±0,6) anos, sendo 22 do sexo masculino e 22 do sexo feminino. Foram mensurados peso (kg), estatura (m) e calculado o IMC (kg/m²). Os testes aplicados foram de velocidade (50 metros), agilidade (shuttlerun) e força de membros inferiores (impulsão vertical). Resultado: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas antropométricas ou de aptidão física entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: os achados deste estudo, somado a análise de estudos semelhantes, anteriores, com diferentes populações, sugerem que, as diferenças antropométricas e de aptidões físicas entre gêneros dessa fase da infância, deve ser estudada de maneira mais ampla, aplacando e abrangendo os mais diferentes grupos étnicos, culturais e socioeconômicos

Nicht Aufgeben bei seltenen Erkrankungen

Der Patient in unserem Fallbericht stellte sich erstmals 2004 aufgrund belastungsabhängiger Muskelschmerzen bei seinem Hausarzt vor. Es folgten über die Jahre viele Untersuchungen und diagnostische Irrwege bis die tatsächliche Ursache dank der Beharrlichkeit des Patienten und seines Hausarztes gefunden wurd

Eine distale Radiusfraktur ist nicht einfach eine distale Radiusfraktur

Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 57-jährige Patientin mit einer distalen extraartikulären Radiusfraktur. Die Vermutung des Hausarztes war eine Osteoporose-assoziierte Fraktur, und eine interdisziplinäre Abklärung wurde in die Wege geleitet. Neben einer DXA-Messung wurden Differenzialdiagnosen für eine sekundäre Osteoporose in Betracht gezogen. In unserem Fall wurde im Rahmen einer Radiusfraktur eine sekundäre Osteoporose aufgrund eines Morbus Basedow sowie einer Vitamin-D-Insuffizienz diagnostiziert. A Distal Radius Fracture Is Not Simply a Distal Radius Fracture Abstract. We report on a 57-year-old female patient with a distal extra-articular radius fracture. The family doctor’s suspicion was an osteoporosis-associated fracture, and an interdisciplinary investigation was initiated. In addition to DXA measurement differential diagnoses for secondary osteoporosis were considered. In our case, secondary osteoporosis was diagnosed as part of Graves’ disease and insufficiency of vitamin D leading to a radius fracture

O anticonsumo em países emergentes: Anti-consumption in emerging countries

Este estudo buscou investigar a relação entre as classes sociais e a adoção do anticonsumo, mediada pela satisfação com a vida e bem-estar financeiro. Ademais, buscou-se identificar o impacto da classe social e qual variável impacta mais na propensão à adoção do anticonsumo. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo descritivo, de natureza quantitativa e de corte único. Utilizou-se a base de dados da Latinobarómetro (2017), com uma amostra de 17.608 indivíduos, para empregar uma análise mediação multivariada, efetuada com o auxílio da análise de caminhos do PROCESS para identificar os efeitos das relações. Os resultados evidenciam que indivíduos mais satisfeitos com a vida e com melhor bem-estar financeiro possuem maior propensão a adotar o movimento de redução do consumo. Estes resultados contribuem para evidenciar algumas determinantes que impactam o estilo de vida de redução do consumo em países emergentes

Sex differences in swimming disciplines—can women outperform men in swimming?

In recent years, the interest of female dominance in long-distance swimming has grown where several newspaper articles have been published speculating about female performance and dominance—especially in open-water ultra-distance swimming. The aim of this narrative review is to review the scientific literature regarding the difference between the sexes for all swimming strokes (i.e., butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle and individual medley), di erent distances (i.e., from sprint to ultra-distances), extreme conditions (i.e., cold water), different ages and swimming integrated in multi-sports disciplines, such as triathlon, in various age groups and over calendar years. The influence of various physiological, psychological, anthropometrical and biomechanical aspects to potentially explain the female dominance was also discussed. The data bases Scopus and PUBMED were searched by April 2020 for the terms ’sex–difference–swimming’. Long-distance open-water swimmers and pool swimmers of different ages and performance levels were mainly investigated. In open-water long-distance swimming events of the ’Triple Crown of Open Water Swimming’ with the ’Catalina Channel Swim’, the ’English Channel Swim’ and the ’Manhattan Island Marathon Swim’, women were about 0.06 km/h faster than men. In master swimmers (i.e., age groups 25–29 to 90–94 years) competing in the FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation) World Championships in pool swimming in freestyle, backstroke, butterfly, breaststroke, individual medley and in 3000-m open-water swimming, women master swimmers appeared able to achieve similar performances as men in the oldest age groups (i.e., older than 75–80 years). In boys and girls aged 5–18 years—and listed in the all-time top 100 U.S. freestyle swimming performances from 50 m to 1500 m—the five fastest girls were faster than the five fastest boys until the age of ~10 years. After the age of 10 years, and until the age of 17 years, however, boys were increasingly faster than girls. Therefore, women tended to decrease the existing sex differences in specific age groups (i.e., younger than 10 years and older than 75–80 years) and swimming strokes in pool-swimming or even to overperform men in long-distance open-water swimming (distance of ~30 km), especially under extreme weather conditions (water colder than ~20º C). Two main variables may explain why women can swim faster than men in open-water swimming events: (i) the long distance of around 30 km, (ii) and water colder than ~20 C. Future studies may investigate more detailed (e.g., anthropometry) the very young (75–80 years) age groups in swimming.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Age- and Sex-Specific Normative Values for Muscle Mass Parameters in 18,625 Brazilian Adults.

Background: The present study aimed to provide age- and sex-specific normative values for muscle mass parameters in Brazilian adults. Methods: Data pertaining to Brazilian adults (18+ years) who attended a nutritional clinical between January 2018 and July 2022 were analyzed. Muscle mass parameters were assessed using a bioimpedance digital scale (InBody 230, GBC BioMed NZ). Assessments were conducted under standard conditions, with participants refraining from physical exercise for 96 h and from eating or drinking (including water) for 8 h before evaluations. Results: A total of 18,625 Brazilian adults were analyzed. Normative values for absolute and relative (height, m2) muscle mass and appendicular muscle mass (ASM) were calculated. In addition, specific age-related changes in muscle mass parameters were observed. In women, muscle mass peaked between the ages of 40–49 before gradually declining at an average rate of 5.7% per decade from the sixth decade of life onwards. ASM reached its peak earlier, during the third decade of life, and started to decline later, from 50 to 59 years. In contrast, absolute and ASM peaked at 40–49 years and declined from the sixth decade of life in men. Both sexes displayed a slightly greater decline in ASM than in muscle mass (13 vs. 12%). Conclusions: The present study provides normative values for absolute and relative muscle mass and ASM in Brazilian adults. Furthermore, important specific age-related changes in muscle mass parameters were observed. These data have public health implications and might serve as a reference tool to guide health professionals

Changes in pacing variation with increasing race duration in ultra-triathlon races

Despite the increasing scientific interest in the relationship between pacing and performance in endurance sports, little information is available about pacing and pacing variation in ultra-endurance events such as ultra-triathlons. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the trends of pacing, pacing variation, the influence of age, sex, and performance level in ultra-triathlons of different distances. We analysed 969 finishers (849 men, 120 women) in 46 ultra-triathlons longer than the original Ironman® distance (e.g., Double-, Triple-, Quintuple- and Deca Iron ultra-triathlons) held from 2004 to 2015. Pacing speed was calculated for every cycling and running lap. Pacing variation was calculated as the coefficient of variation (%) between the average speed of each lap. Performance level (i.e., fast, moderate, slow) was defined according to the 33.3 and 66.6 percentile of the overall race time. A multivariate analysis (two-way ANOVA) was applied for the overall race time as the dependent variable with ‘sex’ and ‘age group’ as independent factors. Another multivariate model with ‘age’ and ‘sex’ as covariates (two-way ANCOVA) was applied with pacing variation (cycling and running) as the dependent variable with ‘race’ and ‘performance level’ as independent factors. Different pacing patterns were observed by event and performance level. The general pacing strategy applied was a positive pacing. In Double and Triple Iron ultra-triathlon, faster athletes paced more evenly with less variation than moderate or slower athletes. The variation in pacing speed increased with the length of the race. There was no significant difference in pacing variation between faster, moderate, and slower athletes in Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon. Women had a slower overall performance than men. The best overall times were achieved at the age of 30–39 years. Successful ultra-triathlon athletes adapted a positive pacing strategy in all race distances. The variation in pacing speed increased with the length of the race. In shorter ultra-triathlon distances (i.e., Double and Triple Iron ultra-triathlon), faster athletes paced more evenly with less variation than moderate or slower athletes. In longer ultra-triathlon distances (i.e., Quintuple and Deca Iron ultra-triathlon), there was no significant difference in pacing variation between faster, moderate, and slower athletes

Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 200 and 400 m Individual Medley

The present research investigated pacing for world-class age group swimmers competing in individual medley in 200 m and 400 m. Data on 3,242 unique finishers (1,475 women and 1,767 men) competing in four Master World Championships [XV FINA WMC held in Montreal (Canada) in 2014, the XVI FINA WMC held in Kazan (RUS) in 2015, the FINA WMC held in Budapest (HUN) in 2017, and the XVIII FINA WMC held in Gwangju (KOR] in 2019) were analyzed. Men were faster than women among all age groups in both 200 and 400 m. Additionally, differences were found between almost all adjacent age groups, with the exception (p > 0.05) of age groups 25–29 to 30–34, 35–39 to 40–44 years in 200 m races and 25–29 to 30–34, 30–34 to 35–39, 35–39 to 40–44, and 45–49 to 50–54 years in 400 m races. Men showed a higher pacing variation in 200 m among all male age groups and all female age groups up to 69 years. Pace-variation pairwise comparisons between men and women showed no consistencies throughout age groups, with the exception of a higher variation in men in age groups ≥55-year-old. Men were faster for all splits and strokes in both 200 and 400 m, and significant changes were identified for each split and stroke for both men and women in both 200 and 400 m. Front crawl (freestyle, 4th split) was the fastest butterfly (1st split), backstroke (2nd split), and breaststroke (3rd split). In summary, men were faster than women for all age groups in both 200 and 400 m. Men showed a higher pacing variation in 200 m in all age groups, where women had a higher variation in age groups up to 69 years. The fastest stroke for the final spurt was front crawl, followed by butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke. Based on these findings, coaches should advise their master athletes to focus on the final spurt in both 200 and 400 m individual medley for a fast final race time

Predicting overall performance in Ironman 70.3 age group triathletes through split disciplines

Knowing which discipline contributes most to a triathlon performance is important to plan race pacing properly. To date, we know that the running split is the most decisive discipline in the Olympic distance triathlon, and the cycling split is the most important discipline in the full-distance Ironman$^{®}$ triathlon. However, we have no knowledge of the Ironman$^{®}$ 70.3. This study intended to determine the most crucial discipline in age group athletes competing from 2004 to 2020 in a total of 787 Ironman$^{®}$ 70.3 races. A total of 823,459 athletes (198,066 women and 625,393 men) from 240 different countries were analyzed and recorded in 5-year age groups, from 18 to 75 + years. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and two-way ANOVA were applied, considering p < 0.05. No differences in the regression analysis between the contributions of the swimming, cycling, and running splits could be found for all age groups. However, the correlation analysis showed stronger associations of the cycling and running split times than the swimming split times with overall race times and a smaller difference in swimming performance between males and females in age groups 50 years and older. For age group triathletes competing in Ironman$^{®}$ 70.3, running and cycling were more predictive than swimming for overall race performance. There was a progressive reduction in the performance gap between men and women aged 50 years and older. This information may aid triathletes and coaches in planning their race tactics in an Ironman$^{®}$ 70.3 race