Conhecimento e aplicabilidade sobre normas de biossegurança por discentes de odontologia, cirurgiões-dentistas e auxiliares de saúde bucal (ASB) da rede pública e privada de saúde / Knowledge and applicability of biosafety rules by dental students, dental surgeons and oral health assistants (ASB) from the public and private health care network

A biossegurança pode ser definida como o conjunto de ações que visam a prevenção, minimização ou eliminação de riscos prejudiciais à saúde humana, animal e do meio ambiente. Conhecer e aplicar as normas de biossegurança na rotina da clínica odontológica é de fundamental importância para prevenir a ocorrência de infecção cruzada e proteger tanto a saúde da equipe, quanto a dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento e a utilização das normas de biossegurança preconizadas pela ANVISA por discentes de Odontologia, auxiliares em saúde bucal e cirurgiões-dentistas da rede pública e privada de saúde. A amostra constituiu-se por alunos do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), pelos auxiliares em saúde bucal (ASB) e Cirurgiões-dentistas inscritos no Conselho Regional de Odontologia, que atuam na rede pública e privada do município de Caicó-RN. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado e auto-aplicável. A maior parte dos alunos e dos profissionais utilizam os EPIs e sabe como agir em situações de acidente, contudo a maioria não leu o manual de biossegurança da ANVISA. Faz-se importante a prática diária do uso de EPIs na rotina odontológica, além da necessidade de disseminação do manual de biossegurança pelas instituições de ensino

Investor sentiment and earnings management in Brazil

This research analyzes whether there is a temporal association between investor sentiment and earnings management in Brazil. Several studies have investigated the determinants of earnings management, such as factors inside or external to companies and regulatory requirements, but few have considered personal factors, such as investor sentiment in Brazil. With this investigation, it was apparent from the findings that accruals quality is affected by investor sentiment. For participants in the Brazilian capital market, this research reinforces the need for a more careful analysis of the results reported by companies, since managers, in response to investor sentiment, may manage earnings to inflate accounting profit through accruals and influence the market’s ability to price shares correctly. It is evident that accounting choices are much more than just financial decisions and are subject to investor sentiments. The effect of investor sentiment should be considered among the determinants of future earnings management. A sample of non-financial Brazilian companies that traded shares on the Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3) exchange from 2010 to 2016 was used. The investor sentiment index was calculated according to the methodology of Baker and Wurgler (2007). For earnings management, the models of Kang and Sivaramakrishnan (1995), Kothari, Leone, and Wasley (2005), and Dechow, Hutton, Kim, and Sloan (2012) were used. The estimates were carried out through regressions for pooled panel data, fixed, and dynamic effects using the system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. Discretionary accruals are positively associated with investor sentiment in the Brazilian capital market, in a similar way to markets with greater informational efficiency and notwithstanding the code-law system. Analyzing low and high sentiment periods separately, the findings suggest that managers increase accruals after high sentiment and reduce them after low sentiment.A pesquisa analisa se existe associação temporal entre o sentimento do investidor e o gerenciamento de resultados no Brasil. Vários estudos investigaram os determinantes do gerenciamento de resultados, fatores externos ou internos das empresas e normativos, mas poucos consideraram fatores pessoais, tal como o sentimento dos investidores no Brasil. Com esta investigação, restou patente, pelos achados, que a qualidade dos accruals é afetada pelo sentimento do investidor. Para os participantes do mercado de capitais brasileiro, esta pesquisa reforça a necessidade da análise mais criteriosa dos resultados reportados pelas empresas, uma vez que os gestores, em resposta ao sentimento do investidor, podem gerenciar resultados para inflar o lucro contábil mediante accruals e influenciar a capacidade de o mercado precificar corretamente as ações. Evidencia-se que, muito mais do que decisões financeiras, as escolhas contábeis estão sujeitas aos sentimentos dos investidores. Deve-se considerar o efeito do sentimento dos investidores entre os determinantes de um futuro gerenciamento de resultados. Utilizou-se amostra composta por empresas brasileiras não financeiras que negociaram ações na Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3) de 2010 a 2016. O índice de sentimento do investidor foi apurado conforme a metodologia de Baker e Wurgler (2007). Para gerenciamento de resultados, utilizaram-se os modelos de Kang e Sivaramakrishnan (1995), Kothari, Leone e Wasley (2005) e Dechow, Hutton, Kim e Sloan (2012). As estimativas foram feitas por meio de regressões para dados em painel pooled, efeito fixo e dinâmico com o GMM system estimator (generalized method of moments). Os accruals discricionários estão positivamente associados com o sentimento do investidor no mercado de capitais brasileiro, semelhante a mercados com maior eficiência informacional e inobstante o sistema code-law. Analisando separadamente os períodos de baixo e alto sentimento, os achados sugerem que os gestores aumentam os accruals após alto sentimento e os reduzem depois de baixo sentimento

Antileishmanial activity of Melampodium divaricatum and Casearia sylvestris essential oils on Leishmania amazonensis

Leishmaniasis is a disease that affects millions of people and it is an important public health problem. The drugs currently used for the treatment of leishmaniasis present undesirable side effects and low efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of Melampodium divaricatum (MD-EO) and Casearia sylvestris (CS-EO) essential oils (EO) against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Sesquiterpenes E-caryophyllene (56.0%), germacrene D (12.7%) and bicyclogermacrene (9.2%) were identified as the main components of MD-EO, whereas E-caryophyllene (22.2%), germacrene D (19.6%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.2%) were the main constituents of CS-EO. CS-EO and E-caryophyllene were active against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis (IC50 24.2, 29.8 and 49.9 µg/mL, respectively). However, MD-EO, CS-EO and E-caryophyllene were more active against amastigote forms, with IC50 values of 10.7, 14.0, and 10.7 µg/mL, respectively. E-caryophyllene presented lower cytotoxicity against macrophages J774-A1 (CC50 of 62.1 µg/mL) than the EO. The EOs and E-caryophyllene should be further studied for the development of new antileishmanial drugs

Histopathology in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) to Evaluate the Toxicity of Medicine: An Anti-Inflammatory Phytomedicine with Janaguba Milk (Himatanthus drasticus Plumel)

The zebrafish Danio rerio appears to be as an alternative experimental model mainly used on toxicological evaluations since the 1990s. In this chapter, we illustrate using a histopathological study the evaluation of a complex phytopreparation with janaguba milk (TPJM, used in popular medicine), which was administrated in zebrafish by immersion in water. We determined (1) lethal concentration 50 (LC50) – 1188.54 μg/mL; (2) the behavioral changes; and (3) the acute administration of TPJM modifications (48 h) at concentrations 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 μg/mL, on the histopathological parameters of the gills, kidneys, and liver. Also the concentrations of 1000 and 1500 μg/mL caused significant damage to the gill tissue and produced a high rate of histological changes in the liver. The kidneys showed greater changes at concentrations of 750, 1000, and 1500 μg/mL. Based on the percentage of TPJM extracts that was only 1.85%, the LC50 was calculated as 475 mg/kg; according to traditional indication, only 6 tablespoons/day is consumed; and it is possible to infer that only 0.5 g of active ingredient is ingested by an adult user per day, corresponding to a dose of 7.14 mg/kg, which is far from the toxic effects, demonstrating low toxicity of TPJM

Total Quality Management: the case of an electricity distribution company

Goal: this research aims to deploy TQM in the new customers area of an electricity distribution company, located in Campos dos Goytacazes (Rio de Janeiro), based on three management pillars: guidelines, processes and routine. Design / Methodology / Approach: the nature of this work is applied research, with a qualitative problem approach, characterized as exploratory, using case study as a technical procedure, with data collected between april and september of 2015. Results: the performed methodology allowed a reduction of both "orders after deadline" (12%) and "unproductive visits" (22%) indicators. Limitations of the investigation: the research presented limitations, first, because of the resistance of some employees during the tools implementation and second, the methodology was implemented only in a sector of the company. Practical implications: the study was based on indicators and targets already used by the company. It was proposed and implemented an anomalies analysis and tools such asthe PDCA cycle, Pareto and Ishikawa diagrams, 5W1H, and Standard Operating Procedures. Originality / Value: there is little research with emphasis on TQM, especially when referring to an analysis using three levels of management (guidelines, process and routine) in the Brazilian electricity sector

Sensibilidade da melancia ao residual de herbicidas pré-emergentes aplicados na cultura da soja

The long-lasting residual effect of herbicides depends on the soil and molecule characteristics; however, the bioactivity of the herbicide can cause damage to the crop in rotation/succession. The most common way to identify the presence of herbicides in the soil is by the implantation of bioassays that uses a susceptible species to herbicidal molecules as an indicator of residues. The aim was to identify the sensitivity of watermelon as bioindicator to the pre-emergence herbicide residue used in soybean cultivation. The assay was carried out in a greenhouse, in 3 L pots, in a randomized block design, with four replicates, in a factorial scheme of 3x4+1, where factor A was the herbicides diclosulam, [imazapyr + imazapic], and metribuzin, and factor B the doses of commercial products [1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D and D (recommended label dose)] plus control treatment. Four watermelon seeds were sown in soil per pot after herbicide application. The variables were analyzed 30 days after the emergence of the plants: shoot length (cm), length (cm), root volume (mL), shoot dry mass (g) and root dry mass (g). Watermelon seeds did not germinate in the treatments with sub-doses of the herbicides diclosulam and metribuzin, and the growth was reduced in the sub-doses of the herbicide [imazapyr + imazapic], showing the sensitivity of this species. The herbicides studied adequately exerted control in watermelon bioindicator plants. Watermelon has sensitivity to the herbicides diclosulam, metribuzin and the commercial mixture of the herbicides [imazapyr + imazapic], with the potential to indicate the residue of these herbicides in clayey soil.O efeito residual duradouro de alguns herbicidas depende das características do solo e das moléculas, entretanto, a bioatividade do herbicida pode causar danos nas culturas em rotação/sucessão. A maneira mais comum de identificar a presença de herbicidas no solo, é pela implementação de bioensaios que utilizam uma espécie potencialmente sensível às moléculas herbicidas como indicador deste resíduo no solo. O objetivo foi identificar a sensibilidade da melancia como bioindicadora à resíduos de herbicidas pré-emergentes utilizados na cultura da soja. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 3 L, em delineamento por blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial de 3x4+1, onde o fator A foram os herbicidas diclosulam, [imazapyr + imazapic] e metribuzin, e o fator B as doses dos produtos comerciais [1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D e D (dose recomendada em bula)] e mais o tratamento controle. Foram semeadas quatro sementes de melancia por vaso, contendo solo argiloso, após a aplicação dos herbicidas. As variáveis analisadas 30 dias após a emergência das plantas foram comprimento de parte aérea (cm), comprimento (cm), volume de raiz (mL), massa seca da parte aérea (g) e massa seca de raiz (g). Verificou-se que a melancia não germinou nos tratamentos com subdoses dos herbicidas diclosulam e metribuzin, e o crescimento reduziu nas subdoses do herbicida [imazapyr + imazapic]. Os resíduos de herbicidas estudados exerceram controle das plantas bioindicadora. Melancia possui sensibilidade aos herbicidas diclosulam, metribuzin e à mistura comercial dos herbicidas [imazapyr + imazapic], possuindo potencial para indicar resíduo destes herbicidas em solo argiloso

Building a National IoT Plan: Policy Recommendations and the Case of Brazil

The Internet of Things (“IoT”) is an expression that refers to a whole set of new services and devices that includes at least three fundamental aspects: connectivity, use of sensors or actuators, and computational capacity for data processing and storage. The Internet of Things goes beyond connecting objects to each other; it also gives them the power to process data (thereby making them "smart"). For developing countries such as Brazil, the opportunities offered by the Internet of Things can compensate for shortcomings in infrastructure and services, and can improve innovation, quality of life, productivity, and even the economic complexity of our basket of export products. However, the way in which each country will seize this opportunity will depend on its specific aspirations and strategies. The broader economic, social, political, and legal context of the country should be considered, as well as the local development of information and communication technologies. For this reason, the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), in partnership with the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC), has commissioned this study, "Internet of Things: An Action Plan for Brazil." This study, mapped by a consortium comprised by McKinsey & Company, the CPqD Foundation, and Pereira Neto | Macedo Law Firm, outlines the local technological and economic challenges related to the topic, as well as well as how to address legal issues inherent to the development of IoT in Brazil

Análise do perfil funcional de membros inferiores em praticantes de treinamento de força

BACKGROUND: Resistance training has many adepts, each with distinct biopsychosocial characteristics. A functional analysis of this audience is necessary, as it contributes to the tracking of one of the determinants that make up a complex chain of solution development. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a cluster of functional tests, in a practical resistance training purpose, identifies the presence of biological risk factors. METHODS: Five tests were performed, delivered to 30 participants from eight gyms. Tests were recorded: Single Leg Squat (AU), Gluteus Medius Function (FGM), Hip Passive Stiffness (RPQ), Dorsiflexion Range of Motion (ADMD), Hip Extender Muscle Function (FEQ). Descriptive analysis was performed, depending on the distribution of data, which was evaluated by the Shapiro Wilk Test (α=0.05). RESULTS: In the RPQ test, there was a mean of 25.68±0.32°. The ADMD test showed values of 41.18±0.42°. The FEQ test presented an average of 2.5±0.5 repetitions. In the FGM test, on average, three repetitions were performed. During the Single Leg Squat test, 58.3% of the participants presented misalignment of the dominant lower limb and 50.0% of the non-dominant limb. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates a high occurrence of functional alterations in the lower limbs of resistance training. As much as these data, in isolation, are not capable of explaining the occurrence of injuries, they collaborate for the tracking of an important component of the complex chain of injury development.INTRODUÇÃO: O treinamento de força conta com muitos adeptos, cada qual possui características biopsicossociais distintas. A análise funcional deste público faz-se necessária, pois contribui para o rastreamento de um dos importantes determinantes que compõe a complexa cadeia de desenvolvimento de lesões. OBJETIVO: Realizar um cluster de testes funcionais, em praticantes de treinamento de força, a fim de identificar a ocorrência de alterações funcionais de membros inferiores que podem aumentar o risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados cinco testes funcionais em 30 praticantes de treinamento de força, de oito academias. Os testes aplicados foram: Agachamento Unipodal (AU), Função de Glúteo Médio (FGM), Rigidez Passiva de Quadril (RPQ), Amplitude de Movimento de Dorsiflexão (ADMD), Função Muscular dos Extensores de Quadril (FEQ). Foi realizada análise descritiva, a depender da distribuição dos dados, determinada pelo Teste de Shapiro Wilk (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: No teste RPQ, verificou-se média de 25,68±0,32°. O teste de ADMD apresentou valores de 41,18±0,42°. O teste FEQ, apresentou média de 2,5±0,5 repetições. Já no teste FGM, foram realizadas, em média, três repetições. Durante o teste Agachamento Unipodal, 58,3% dos participantes apresentaram desalinhamento de membro inferior dominante e 50,0% do membro não dominante. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstra alta ocorrência de alterações funcionais nos participantes da pesquisa de treinamento de força. Por mais que estes dados, de forma isolada, não sejam capazes de explicar a ocorrência de lesões, podem colaborar para o rastreamento de um importante componente da cadeia complexa de desenvolvimento de lesões