On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Liberalisation and the political economy of financial bubbles

This paper criticises the tight association in the political economy literature of speculation with liberal forms of governance. Having emphasised liberalisation, it is argued, scholars who ascribe to such a view are too often left without an institutional account of speculative dynamics. The paper then sets out the foundation for a political economy of speculation; one which emphasises the various forms speculation has taken and how these are rooted within specific institutional structures. In order to do so, the paper develops a distinction between premodern and modern speculation and uses it in order to contrast British and American finance. This contrast then serves as a basis for challenging the idea that speculation emerges from liberal forms of governance

Enhancing Participation in Disadvantaged Urban Neighbourhoods

Participation in neighbourhoods is a highly valued phenomenon. Participation is the basis of a shared social life, but it also makes everyday life, and the lived experience of people participating in it, political. From a public administration perspective, governance and formal policy-making are increasingly reaching out to citizens, instead of drawing solely on representative mechanisms of local government. This paper investigates how practitioners working in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Dutch cities enhance participation. Using empirical data from research in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in The Netherlands, the paper shows that these practitioners either start projects that connect people in their own life world or connect policy-makers and policy to initiatives on the ground. As a result, they create the opportunity for many to develop their citizenship and become a more active participant in their local communities

Quasi-bounded mappings and complementarity problems depending of parameters

Quasi-bounded mappings, Complementarity problems depending of parameters,