43 research outputs found

    Co-movements of international equity markets: a large-scale factor model approach

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    We analyze the comovements of a set of country-sector indexes from 45 different countries studying their factor decomposition based on a PCA analysis for a large cross section framework. We derive a measure to analyze the comovements over time based on the part of variance explained by the main extracted factors and we apply the method from Bai and Ng to study the relevant number of factors. We conduct rolling estimations for the period 1994-2006 focusing on the set of emerging markets. We show that both, emerging and developed equity markets experienced increasing comovements over the period of study, reflecting the integration of those markets. We have estimated that the main factor accounts for 30\% and 20\% of the whole variation of each data set. We use the comovements to gauge integration in two different ways, both indicating higher integration for developed markets. Finally, we relate the comovements to a measure of diversification and we conclude that it is only possible to reduce 85\% of the average risk of an equity index by diversification at the end of the period compared to 95\% at the beginning for the set of emerging markets.Market Integration, Equity markets, International portfolio diversification, Emerging Markets, Principal Components Analysis, Factor Analysis

    Empaques inteligentes: definiciones, tipologías y aplicaciones

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    Packaging has become a broad field of development of different technologies that evolve, offering possibilities for manufacturers to position themselves in an increasingly demanding market. The demand for smart packaging offers an added value to the logistics in the supply chain and the final recipient. Nevertheless, a systematic literature review is required to evidence the opportunities that smart packaging provides such as functionalities regarding the case of fruits and vegetables that exhibit the greatest percentages of waste at the production stage. In this category, non-climacteric fruits start to perish at the recollection stage, and thus, the processes that follow must be controlled and monitored to prevent and reduce waste. In the present study, a search is carried out for definitions, typologies, and applications of functional packaging for the fresh unprocessed food sector, identifying the most developed technologies for those classified as active and intelligent. Databases such as Scopus and Science Direct and the search engine of Google Scholar were consulted. Four main fields of study were identified: food preservation, supply chain, printed electronics, and biopolymers. Hence, it is expected to promote possibilities for the research and development of technologies for smart packaging, to contribute with proposals in the design and manufacturing fields according to the needs of the local agricultural industry.Los empaques se han convertido en un campo amplio de desarrollo de diferentes tecnologías que evolucionan hacia posibilidades que los fabricantes utilizan para posicionarse en un mercado cada vez más exigente. La demanda por empaques inteligentes está en aumento, porque integran características que ofrecen un valor agregado logístico, tanto al destinatario final como a la cadena de abastecimiento. No obstante, se requiere articular de forma sistemática la literatura, de modo que se evidencien las oportunidades que ofrecen los empaques inteligentes en términos de funcionalidades para las empresas con respecto a las frutas y vegetales que presentan el mayor porcentaje de desperdicio en la etapa de producción. En esta categoría, las frutas no climatéricas son de especial interés, ya que comienzan su proceso deterioro desde el momento de la recolección y, por ello, lo que suceda en los procesos posteriores debe ser controlado y monitoreado para evitar el desperdicio. En el presente estudio se realiza una búsqueda de definiciones, tipologías y aplicaciones de empaques funcionales para alimentos frescos no procesados, registrando las tecnologías más desarrolladas para aquellos clasificados como activos e inteligentes. Se analizaron bases de datos como Scopus y ScienceDirect, y el motor de búsqueda de Google Académico, donde se identificaron cuatro campos relacionados con empaques inteligentes: preservación de la comida, cadena de suministro, electrónica impresa y biopolímeros. De esta forma, se espera promover alternativas de investigación y desarrollo de tecnologías para empaques inteligentes, y propuestas en diseño y fabricación acordes a las necesidades de la industria agrícola local.  

    DETERMINANTES DEL RENDIMIENTO ACADEMICO DE LA PRUEBA SABER 11 DURANTE EL PERIODO 2014-2019 EN COLOMBIA

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    This article analyzes the determinants of the academic performance of secondary education taking into account the results of the Saber 11 test corresponding to the period 2014-2019. The database provided by the Colombian Institute for the Evaluation of Education (ICFES) was used to collect information from the students who took the Saber 11 exam for the period 2014-2019. The methodology used was developed through the application of a cross-sectional combination model including variables that represent the personal, family, socioeconomic and school characteristics of the population of the model, the students who took the test.The results show that the competence of the English area is the one that explains the performance of the test knowing showing a greater impact given the characteristics that were exposed.En este artículo se analizan los determinantes del rendimiento académico de la educación media teniendo en cuenta los resultados de la prueba saber 11 correspondiente al periodo 2014-2019. Se utilizó la base de datos suministrada por el Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación (ICFES), en donde se recoge información de los estudiantes que presentaron el examen Saber 11 para el periodo 2014-2019. La metodología utilizada se desarrolló mediante la aplicación de un modelo de combinación de corte transversal incluyendo variables que representan las características personales, familiares, socioeconómicas y del colegio de la población del modelo, los estudiantes que presentaron el examen. Los resultados muestran que la competencia del área de inglés es la que mayor explica el rendimiento de la prueba saber mostrando un mayor impacto dadas las características que se expusieron

    Prevalencia de los factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a la ocurrencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en el personal civil administrativo de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José Maria Córdova

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    Identificar la presencia de los factores de riesgos comportamentales asociados a la ocurrencia de las Enfermedades Crónicas no Trasmisibles en el personal civil administrativo de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes, ESMIC.Este trabajo de investigación determinó las prevalencias de factores de riesgo comportamentales del personal civil administrativo de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova. A través de la evaluación y análisis de ocho factores de riesgo indagados y valorados mediante el método STEPwise de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se encontró que en la institución al menos tres cuartas partes del personal total que hicieron parte de este estudio estaban expuestos a uno o dos de los siguientes factores de riesgo: bajo consumo de frutas o verduras, bajo nivel de actividad física y colesterol

    La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Chocó y Casanare.

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    El acompañamiento psicosocial a las víctimas del conflicto implica de un compromiso de parte del profesional en psicología quien debe diseñar estrategias específicas para tratar cada caso en particular pues el abordaje de las problemáticas de violencia no siempre es el mismo. Los contextos, los personajes, las historias y las subjetividades que pueden surgir en cada caso son determinantes para seleccionar el abordaje a las víctimas. Sin embargo podemos destacar instrumentos que siempre serán de gran ayuda para que el profesional de psicología logre la transformación de las historias de dolor en historias esperanzadoras y la reincorporación adecuada de la víctima a la sociedad y son la intervención en crisis y el acompañamiento psicosocial a través de la narrativa. Estas herramientas aplicadas de una forma correcta facilitaran a la persona expresar sus emociones, aceptar la lo ocurrido, afrontar su nueva realidad y visualizar un futuro prometedor.The psychosocial accompaniment to the victims of the conflict involved in a commitment on the part of the professional in psychology who must design specific strategies to deal with each particular case because the approach to the problems of violence is not always the same. The contexts, characters, stories and subjectivities that may arise in each case are decisive in selecting the approach to victims. However, we can highlight the instruments that will always be of great help for the psychology professional to record the transformation of pain stories into hopeful stories and the proper reincorporation of society and the son of crisis intervention and psychosocial accompaniment through the narrative. These tools applied in a correct way facilitate the person to whom their emotions refer, accept what happened, face their new reality and visualize a promising future

    Diseño de la planeación del talento humano para la Fundación Casa de Oportunidad a Víctimas de Siniestros Viales ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá

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    No aplicaEl actual proyecto de grado es una propuesta sobre el diseño de la planeación del talento humano para la Fundación Casa de Oportunidad a Víctimas de Siniestros Viales ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá, es por esto, por lo que se diseñó y desarrollo los perfiles de cargo junto con el respectivo manual de funciones para cada uno de estos en la fundación. El proyecto inicia con el análisis de la documentación de la fundación frente al área de talento humano en cada uno de los cargos actuales, posteriormente se crean los formatos de perfiles de cargo, con sus respectivas funciones, responsabilidades, competencias y habilidades requeridas para cada colaborador de la fundación, de igual forma se efectúa la creación del manual de funciones y todo esto se realiza mediante la correspondiente recopilación de información con la responsable de la parte administrativa actual de la fundación en conjunto con el representante legal. Finalmente, con el diseño del formato de perfiles de cargo y el manual de funciones se plantea la mejora continua de los procesos en el área de talento humano de la fundación, frente a cada una de las necesidades de esta, ajustando el tiempo de atención y demás recursos económicos, humanos y materiales que conlleva dicho proceso. Palabras Clave: Selección, talento humano, cargo, funciones, manual.No aplic

    Mujeres que inspiran…Grandes historias de guerreras

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    Recopilación de historias propias o contadas por terceros de mujeres que han superado retos, dificultades, competencias y cómo han conseguido lograr hazañas inspiradoras.Collection of own or told stories by third parties of women who have overcome challenges, difficulties, competencies and how they have managed to achieve inspiring feats.Yamel Rodríguez -- Iber James Quiñones -- Diana Yamileth Velasquez Maldonado -- Nidia Karina Mora Londoño -- Aura María Rosero -- Catherine Caicedo -- David Alejandro Mera Benavides -- Elizabeth Cárdenas Berrío -- Jhon Jairo Leal F. -- Miguel Ángel Solís -- Milton Cesar Mera Osorio -- Elizabeth González Londoño -- Lorena Villegas -- Ana María Cortés Rosero -- Jhonathan Paul Obando Vera -- María Elena Realpe Delgado -- Carolina Medina Alcalde -- Yaneth Ariasna34 página

    Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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    Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
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