775 research outputs found
Women in the Workplace: Which Women, Which Agenda?
Much of the work family literature that has blossomed over the last decade has focused on professional women and has emphasized policy changes that would be of less utility to many other working women and men. In this symposium contribution, we explore the recent data on working time to demonstrate that in today\u27s economy more women are underemployed rather than overemployed. We also demonstrate that although professional women tend to work the longest hours, they also tend to have the greatest means, both in income and workplace benefits, to support them in achieving a workable balance between their work and family demands. We discuss the most prominent policy proposals for helping attain this balance, including a greater emphasis on part-time work and shorter workweeks, and critique them for their failure to address the needs of most working women. Finally, we suggest several alternative proposals, including lengthening school days, addressing domestic violence, and challenging the stubborn gender norms that prevent further progress for equality in both the workplace and the home
Drought Planning for Vegetable Production
When water is in short supply, growers must estimate how much water their crops require, as well as how much water is available, to determine how much land can be planted and irrigated. Growers can arrive at these estimates by performing calculations that take into account crop water requirements such as evapotranspiration and salt management; available irrigation water; and available non-irrigation water sources such as rainfall, fog, and shallow groundwater. Performing these calculations will allow growers to make informed decisions about how many acres to plant
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Consejos sobre la sequÃa: El manejo de las sales por medio de la filtración
Los cultivos de riego con frecuencia pueden causar la acumulación de sales en el perfil del suelo. Estas sales acumuladas pueden dañar los cultivos si no son filtradas por debajo de la zona de las raÃces. Esta publicación aborda diferentes formas en la que se puede llevar a cabo la filtración
A Simple Prescription for First Order Corrections to Quark Scattering and Annihilation Processes
We formulate the first order corrections to processes involving the
scattering or annihilation of quarks in a form in which the QCD and electroweak
parts are exactly factorised. This allows for a straightforward physical
interpretation of effects such as lepton-hadron correlations, and a simpler
Monte Carlo treatment. The postscript file for this paper can also be obtained
by anonymous ftp from thep.lu.se, in the file pub/Preprints/lu_tp_94_13.psComment: 19 pages, LU TP 94-1
Field evaluations of the CropManage decision support tool for improving irrigation and nutrient use of cool season vegetables in California
Vegetable growers on the central coast of California are under regulatory pressure to reduce nitrate loading to ground and surface water supplies. California also implemented legislation that limits agricultural pumping in regions such as the central coast where the aquifers have been over-extracted for crop irrigation. Growers could potentially use less N fertilizer, address water quality concerns, and conserve water by improving water management and matching nitrogen applications to the N uptake pattern of their crops. Two tools available to growers, the soil nitrate quick test (SNQT) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data have been previously shown to improve the management of water and fertilizer nitrogen in vegetable production systems. However, adoption of these practices has not been widespread. These techniques can be time consuming to use, and vegetable growers often have many crops to manage. To address such time constraints, the CropManage online application (cropmanage.ucanr.edu) was developed to facilitate implementation of the SNQT and evapotranspiration-based irrigation scheduling. CropManage additionally helps growers account for plant available N from background levels of nitrate in irrigation water. Trials were conducted in commercial vegetable fields in the Salinas Valley during 2012–2019 to evaluate CropManage fertilizer and irrigation recommendations relative to the grower practice. Results demonstrated that in many cases fertilizer or irrigation reductions could be attained by following CropManage recommendations without jeopardizing yield. In lettuce, the total fertilizer N applied under CropManage guidance was reduced by an average of 31 % compared to the grower standard practice. Lettuce yield within the CropManage treatment averaged 107 % of the grower practice. CropManage guidance in broccoli reduced N and applied water by 24 % and 27 %, respectively, compared to the grower standard practice, while average yield was similar between treatments. Management tools such as CropManage can support operational efficiencies and compliance with regulatory targets designed to improve groundwater quality
Evapotranspiration Based Irrigation Trials Examine Water Requirement, Nitrogen Use, and Yield of Romaine Lettuce in the Salinas Valley
Cool season vegetables require adequate soil moisture to assure that maximum yield and quality are achieved. On California’s central coast, where the majority of cool season vegetables are produced in the US, long-term overpumping of irrigation water has reduced groundwater levels and led to environmental degradation. Two evapotranspiration (ET) based irrigation field trials were performed near Salinas CA (USA) to determine if ET-based irrigation scheduling could conserve water while producing romaine lettuce (cv. Sun Valley) of commercially viable yield. Sprinklers were used for seed germination and crop establishment. Four drip irrigation treatments were then imposed using a randomized complete block design with six replications. The CropManage decision-support model was used to estimate the full (100%) crop water requirement based mainly on ET replacement. Other treatments included 50% 75% and 150% of the full water requirement. The 100% treatment received 185 mm of water in 2015 and 247 mm in 2016, both of which were well below prior guidance and grower reports. Yields from the 100% and 150% treatments were not significantly different and were similar to industry average, while yields were significantly lower for the 50% and 75% treatments. The 100% treatment had the highest water use efficiency, and the 100% and 150% treatments together had the highest nitrogen recovery efficiency. Irrigation of romaine near the 100% ET replacement level can potentially reduce environmental impacts associated with nitrate leaching and surface runoff
Electroweak Corrections in Technicolor Reconsidered
Radiative corrections to electroweak parameters in technicolor theories may
be evaluated by one of two techniques: either one estimates spectral function
integrals using scaled QCD data, or one uses naive dimensional analysis with a
chiral Lagrangian. The former yields corrections to electroweak parameters
proportional to the number of flavors and the number of colors, while the
latter is proportional to the number of flavors squared and is independent of
the number of colors. We attempt to resolve this apparent contradiction by
showing that the spectrum of technicolor one obtains by scaling QCD data to
high energies is unlikely to resemble that of an actual technicolor theory. The
resonances are likely to be much lighter than naively supposed and the
radiative corrections to electroweak parameters may by much larger. We also
argue that much less is known about the spectrum and the radiative corrections
in technicolor than was previously believed.Comment: 17 pages (which incl 3 figures), BUHEP-92-25 HUTP-92/A033, text uses
harvmac, figures use picte
Strong WW scattering in unitary gauge
A method to embed models of strong scattering in unitary gauge
amplitudes is presented that eliminates the need for the effective
approximation (EWA) in the computation of cross sections at high energy
colliders.The cross sections obtained from the U-gauge amplitudes include the
distributions of the final state fermions in , which
cannot be obtained from the EWA. Since the U-gauge method preserves the
interference of the signal and the gauge sector background amplitudes, which is
neglected in the EWA, it is more accurate, especially if the latter is
comparable to or bigger than the signal, as occurs for instance at small angles
because of Coulomb singularities. The method is illustrated for on-shell
scattering and for .Comment: 14 pages, Latex with 2 epsf-embedded postscript figure
Gauge invariant formulation of strong WW scattering
Models of strong scattering in the -wave can be represented in a
gauge invariant fashion by defining an effective scalar propagator that
represents the strong scattering dynamics. The \sigma(qq \ra qqWW) signal may
then be computed in U-gauge from the complete set of tree amplitudes, just as
in the standard model, without using the effective approximation (EWA). The
U-gauge ``transcription'' has a wider domain of validity than the EWA, and it
provides complete distributions for the final state quanta, including
experimentally important jet distributions that cannot be obtained from the
EWA. Starting from the usual formulation in terms of unphysical Goldstone boson
scattering amplitudes, the U-gauge transcription is verified by using BRS
invariance to construct the complete set of gauge and Goldstone boson
amplitudes in gauge.Comment: single LaTeX file, no figures, 12 page
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