Le strutture territoriali tra ordine e caso. Un approccio stocastico ai modelli localizzativi

La finalità di questo studio è sostanzialmente quella di indagare i pattern spaziali che gli insediamenti urbani formano distribuendosi sul territorio, nonché studiare il numero e la grandezza in termini di popolazione di tali insediamenti, utilizzano delle metodologie innovative che rappresentano un superamento delle teorie classiche. Questo lavoro è strutturato in due grandi parti: lo studio delle basi teoriche fondamentali e, in secondo luogo, la verifica di tali basi teoriche attraverso l’ausilio di osservazioni empiriche eseguite sul territorio, nonché la realizzazione di un modello di simulazione, implementato in un software, che ha permesso di confrontare alcune realtà territoriali europee, con i pattern territoriali generati dal modello stesso e quelli provenienti dalle teorie classiche riportate nella prima parte

Exploring the form of a Smart City district : a morphometric comparison with examples of previous design models

In key moments of urban history, urban design is confronted with the emergence of new paradigmatic design models, such as the garden city and the radiant city. Recently, the Smart City seems to have gained centre stage in the public debate. However, despite its emblazoned technological features, the Smart City remains a hazy concept in the urban design domain to such an extent that almost any form can be built under the Smart City label. While this may sound libertarian and progressist, it is also concerning since different urban forms are associated with different societal outcomes. This paper aims to investigate the forms of Smart City districts through morphometric comparison. More specifically, it proposes a replicable methodology based on 18 metrics of urban form and statistical analysis to compare a Smart City district with other city areas with known design models of reference. Such a methodology is applied to three case studies on the French Riviera: Méridia, a Smart City district, Hôtel-des-Postes, a 19th-century traditional district, and Sophia Antipolis, a sprawling technopark. The results show that Méridia has a hybrid form that partly resembles Hôtel-des-Postes (higher densities, gridiron plan, and functional mix) and partly Sophia Antipolis (bulky buildings with large setbacks). However, the top–down approach used in the production of the physical space ultimately renders Méridia more similar to Sophia Antipolis than Hôtel-des-Postes. This study provides one of the first morphometric characterisations of a Smart City district, but also a replicable methodology that can further the morphological understanding of the Smart City phenomenon worldwide

Mise en œuvre pratique de réseaux possibilistes pour modéliser la spécialisation sociale dans les espaces métropolisés

International audienceSocial specialization of districts within a metropolitan area is a major stake for public policies. Modeling these imperfectly known dynamics makes it possible to explore development scenarios. Possibilistic networks offer a modeling approach which is well suited to dealing with an uncertain knowledge of the specialization process. Their practical application requires the specification of conditional possibilities, which, like in the probabilistic case, may be simplified by means of uncertain (and, or, max, \dots) logical gates, presented here for the first time. The interest of such tools is illustrated on a simplified example of a possibilitic network for the modeling of social specialization within the Marseilles metropolitan area.La spécialisation sociale des communes au sein d'une aire métropolitaine est un enjeu majeur pour les politiques publiques. Modéliser cette dynamique, imparfaitement connue, permet d'explorer des scénarios de développement. Les réseaux possibilistes offrent une approche modélisatrice bien adaptée à l'incertitude des connaissances du processus de spécialisation. Leur mise en œuvre pratique nécessite la spécification de possibilités conditionnelles qui, comme dans le cas probabiliste, peut être simplifiée à l'aide de connecteurs (et, ou, max, \dots) incertains, présentés ici pour la première fois. L'intérêt de ces outils est illustré sur un exemple simplifié de réseau possibiliste modélisant la spécialisation sociale dans l'aire métropolitaine marseillaise

Acetylcholine Use in Modern Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories: A Systematic Review

Background: The use of acetylcholine for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina is recommended by international guidelines. However, its intracoronary use is still off-label due to the absence of safety studies. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature to identify adverse events related to the intracoronary administration of acetylcholine for vasoreactivity testing to fill this gap. Methods and results: We conducted a systematic review of observational studies and randomized controlled trials dealing with the intracoronary administration of acetylcholine. Articles were searched in MEDLINE (PubMed) using the MeSH strategy. Three independent reviewers determined whether the studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 434 articles were selected. Data concerning clinical characteristics, study population, acetylcholine dosage, and adverse effects were retrieved from the articles. Overall, 71,566 patients were included, of which only 382 (0.5%) developed one adverse event, and there were no fatal events reported (0%). Conclusions: Intracoronary administration of acetylcholine in the setting of coronary spasm provocation testing is safe and plays a central role in the evaluation of coronary vasomotion disorders, making it worthy of becoming a part of clinical practice in all cardiac catheterization laboratories

The impact of sex and physical performance on long-term mortality in older patients with myocardial infarction

Background: Sex influences outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). If there is a relationship between sex and physical performance is unknown. Methods: The analysis is based on older (≥70 years) ACS patients included in the FRASER, HULK, and LONGEVO SCA prospective studies. Physical performance was assessed by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: The study included 1388 patients, and 441 (32%) were women. At presentation, women were older and more compromised than men. After a median follow-up of 998 [730-1168] days, all-cause death occurred in 334 (24.1%) patients. At univariate analysis, female sex was related to increased risk of death. After adjustments for confounding factors, female sex was no longer associated with mortality. Women showed poor physical performance compared with men (p < 0.001). SPPB values emerged as an independent predictor of death. Including clinical features and SPPB in the multivariable model, we observed a paradigm shift in the prognostic role of female sex that becomes a protective factor (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.96). Sex and physical performance showed a significant interaction (p = 0.03). For lower SPPB values (poor physical performance), sex-related changes in mortality were not recorded, while in patients with higher SPPB values (preserved physical performance), female sex was associated with better survival. Conclusions: Two key findings emerged from the present real-life cohort of older ACS patients: (i) physical performance strongly influences long-term mortality; (ii) women with preserved physical performance have a better outcome compared to me

Impact of trans-stent gradient on outcome after PCI: results from a HAWKEYE substudy

To test whether quantitative flow ratio (QFR)-based trans-stent gradient (TSG) is associated with adverse clinical events at follow-up. A post-hoc analysis of the multi-center HAWKEYE study was performed. Vessels post-PCI were divided into four groups (G) as follows: G1: QFR &gt;= 0.90 TSG = 0 (n = 412, 54.8%); G2: QFR &gt;= 0.90, TSG &gt; 0 (n = 216, 28.7%); G3: QFR &lt; 0.90, TSG = 0 (n = 37, 4.9%); G4: QFR &lt; 0.90, TSG &gt; 0 (n = 86, 11.4%). Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the effect of baseline and prognostic variables. The final reduced model was obtained by backward stepwise variable selection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was plotted and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and reported. Overall, 449 (59.8%) vessels had a TSG = 0 whereas (40.2%) had TSG &gt; 0. Ten (2.2%) vessel-oriented composite endpoint (VOCE) occurred in vessels with TSG = 0, compared with 43 (14%) in vessels with TSG &gt; 0 (p &lt; 0.01). ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.80; p &lt; 0.001). TSG &gt; 0 was an independent predictor of the VOCE (HR 2.95 [95% CI 1.77-4.91]). The combination of higher TSG and lower final QFR (G4) showed the worst long-term outcome while low TSG and high QFR showed the best outcome (G1) while either high TSG or low QFR (G2, G3) showed intermediate and comparable outcomes. Higher trans-stent gradient was an independent predictor of adverse events and identified a subgroup of patients at higher risk for poor outcomes even when vessel QFR was optimal (&gt; 0.90)

Esempi applicativi

International audienc

Smart City : un changement de perspective

National audienc

Esempi applicativi

International audienc