3,052 research outputs found
Super-resolution community detection for layer-aggregated multilayer networks
Applied network science often involves preprocessing network data before
applying a network-analysis method, and there is typically a theoretical
disconnect between these steps. For example, it is common to aggregate
time-varying network data into windows prior to analysis, and the tradeoffs of
this preprocessing are not well understood. Focusing on the problem of
detecting small communities in multilayer networks, we study the effects of
layer aggregation by developing random-matrix theory for modularity matrices
associated with layer-aggregated networks with nodes and layers, which
are drawn from an ensemble of Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi networks. We study phase
transitions in which eigenvectors localize onto communities (allowing their
detection) and which occur for a given community provided its size surpasses a
detectability limit . When layers are aggregated via a summation, we
obtain , where is the number of
layers across which the community persists. Interestingly, if is allowed to
vary with then summation-based layer aggregation enhances small-community
detection even if the community persists across a vanishing fraction of layers,
provided that decays more slowly than . Moreover,
we find that thresholding the summation can in some cases cause to decay
exponentially, decreasing by orders of magnitude in a phenomenon we call
super-resolution community detection. That is, layer aggregation with
thresholding is a nonlinear data filter enabling detection of communities that
are otherwise too small to detect. Importantly, different thresholds generally
enhance the detectability of communities having different properties,
illustrating that community detection can be obscured if one analyzes network
data using a single threshold.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Microscopic approach of a time elapsed neural model
The spike trains are the main components of the information processing in the
brain. To model spike trains several point processes have been investigated in
the literature. And more macroscopic approaches have also been studied, using
partial differential equation models. The main aim of the present article is to
build a bridge between several point processes models (Poisson, Wold, Hawkes)
that have been proved to statistically fit real spike trains data and
age-structured partial differential equations as introduced by Pakdaman,
Perthame and Salort
Religion, Politics and War In the Creation of an Ethos of Conflict in Colombia; The case of the War of the Thousand Days (1899-1902)
The purpose of this thesis is to understand the way in which religion and politics played a role in the formulation of a cyclical ethos of conflict, focusing in the last and most important civil war of nineteenth-century Colombia: The War of the Thousand Days (1899-1902). A historiographical review was used to understand the interactions between these two structures, and it pointed at a main problem centered in the political use of religion, as well as the transformation of political debate into a matter of political faith. In conclusion, the War of the Thousand days strengthened narratives of vengeance, worsened the situation of the country, and solidified an ethos of conflict in which the State used the Church to legitimize itself against the threats to the status quo of systemic inequality
The intrinsic three-dimensional shape of galactic bars
We present the first statistical study on the intrinsic three-dimensional
(3D) shape of a sample of 83 galactic bars extracted from the CALIFA survey. We
use the galaXYZ code to derive the bar intrinsic shape with a statistical
approach. The method uses only the geometric information (ellipticities and
position angles) of bars and discs obtained from a multi-component photometric
decomposition of the galaxy surface-brightness distributions. We find that bars
are predominantly prolate-triaxial ellipsoids (68%), with a small fraction of
oblate-triaxial ellipsoids (32%). The typical flattening (intrinsic C/A
semiaxis ratio) of the bars in our sample is 0.34, which matches well the
typical intrinsic flattening of stellar discs at these galaxy masses. We
demonstrate that, for prolate-triaxial bars, the intrinsic shape of bars
depends on the galaxy Hubble type and stellar mass (bars in massive S0 galaxies
are thicker and more circular than those in less massive spirals). The bar
intrinsic shape correlates with bulge, disc, and bar parameters. In particular
with the bulge-to-total (B/T) luminosity ratio, disc g-r color, and central
surface brightness of the bar, confirming the tight link between bars and their
host galaxies. Combining the probability distributions of the intrinsic shape
of bulges and bars in our sample we show that 52% (16%) of bulges are thicker
(flatter) than the surrounding bar at 1 level. We suggest that these
percentages might be representative of the fraction of classical and disc-like
bulges in our sample, respectively.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Beyond blow-up in excitatory integrate and fire neuronal networks: refractory period and spontaneous activity
International audienceThe Network Noisy Leaky Integrate and Fire equation is among the simplest model allowing for a self-consistent description of neural networks and gives a rule to determine the probability to find a neuron at the potential . However, its mathematical structure is still poorly understood and, concerning its solutions, very few results are available. In the midst of them, a recent result shows blow-up in finite time for fully excitatory networks. The intuitive explanation is that each firing neuron induces a discharge of the others; thus increases the activity and consequently the discharge rate of the full network. In order to better understand the details of the phenomena and show that the equation is more complex and fruitful than expected, we analyze further the model. We extend the finite time bow-up result to the case when neurons, after firing, enter a refractory state for a given period of time. We also show that spontaneous activity may occur when, additionally, randomness is included on the firing potential in regimes where blow-up occurs for a fixed value of
Near-bed hydrodynamics and turbulence below a large-scale plunging breaking wave over a mobile barred bed profile
Funded by The research presented in this paper is part of the SINBAD project. Grant Number: STW (12058) and EPSRC (EP/J00507X/1, EP/J005541/1)Peer reviewedPublisher PDFPublisher PD
Ecogeographical Variation in Skull Shape of South-American Canids: Abiotic or Biotic Processes?
Species morphological changes can be mutually influenced by environmental or biotic factors, such as competition. South American canids represent a quite recent radiation of taxa that evolved forms very disparate in phenotype, ecology and behaviour. Today, in the central part of South America there is one dominant large species (the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus) that directly influence sympatric smaller taxa via interspecific killing. Further south, three species of similar sized foxes (Lycalopex spp.) share the same habitats. Such unique combination of taxa and geographic distribution makes South American dogs an ideal group to test for the simultaneous impact of climate and competition on phenotypic variation. Using geometric morphometrics, we quantified skull size and shape of 431 specimens belonging to the eight extant South American canid species: Atelocynus microtis, Cerdocyon thous, Ch. brachyurus, Lycalopex culpaeus, L. griseus, L. gymnocercus, L. vetulus and Speothos venaticus. South American canids are significantly different in both skull size and shape. The hypercarnivorous bush dog is mostly distinct in shape from all the other taxa while a degree of overlap in shapeâbut not sizeâoccurs between species of the genus Lycalopex. Both climate and competition impacts interspecific morphological variation. We identified climatic adaptations as the main driving force of diversification for the South American canids. Competition has a lower degree of impact on their skull morphology although it might have played a role in the past, when canid community was richer in morphotypes
Anelastic Phenomena in Mg-Al Alloys
Cyclic loading-unloading in tension and compression has been used to quantify the anelastic behaviour, in the form of hysteresis loops, of pure Mg and three Mg-Al alloys (0.5, 2, and 9 at.% Al). The effect reached a maximum at a plastic strain of approximate to 0.02 for all of the materials, and decreased at higher strains. The amount of anelasticity at any given strain was smaller for the dilute alloys in comparison with the pure Mg whereas it increased above that of pure Mg for the most concentrated alloy. Possible reasons for this behaviour are discussed in terms of reversible twinning, solid solution softening, and hardening and short range order
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