Influence of orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review

Objectives: The aim of this literature systematic review was to evaluate the possible association between malocclusions, orthodontic treatment and development of temporomandibular disorders. Material and Methods: A search was carried out on PubMed-Medline database from January 2000 to August 2013 using the keywords “ orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders ”, “ orthodontics and facial pain ” and “ malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders ”. Human studies included in the study were those assessing signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in relation to orthodontic treatment. Results: The search strategy resulted in 61 articles. After selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria 9 articles qualified for the final analysis. The articles which linked orthodontics and development of temporomandibular disorders showed very discrepant results. Some indicated that orthodontic treatment could improve signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, but none of them obtained statistically significant dif ferences. Conclusions: According to the authors examined, there is no evidence for a cause-effect relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders, or that such treatment might improve or prevent them. More longitudinal studies are needed to verify any possible interrelationshi

The Northern ROSAT All-Sky (NORAS) Galaxy Cluster Survey I: X-ray Properties of Clusters Detected as Extended X-ray Sources

In the construction of an X-ray selected sample of galaxy clusters for cosmological studies, we have assembled a sample of 495 X-ray sources found to show extended X-ray emission in the first processing of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. The sample covers the celestial region with declination $\delta \ge 0\deg$ and galactic latitude $|b_{II}| \ge 20\deg$ and comprises sources with a count rate $\ge 0.06$ counts s$^{-1}$ and a source extent likelihood of 7. In an optical follow-up identification program we find 378 (76%) of these sources to be clusters of galaxies. ...Comment: 61 pages; ApJS in press; fixed bug in table file; also available at (better image quality) http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/theorie/NORAS

Profile of Matrix-Remodeling Proteinases in Osteoarthritis: Impact of Fibronectin

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and specialized three-dimensional macromolecular network, present in nearly all tissues, that also interacts with cell surface receptors on joint resident cells. Changes in the composition and physical properties of the ECM lead to the development of many diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a chronic degenerative rheumatic disease characterized by a progressive loss of synovial joint function as a consequence of the degradation of articular cartilage, also associated with alterations in the synovial membrane and subchondral bone. During OA, ECM-degrading enzymes, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs), cleave ECM components, such as fibronectin (Fn), generating fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs) with catabolic properties. In turn, Fn-fs promote activation of these proteinases, establishing a degradative and inflammatory feedback loop. Thus, the aim of this review is to update the contribution of ECM-degrading proteinases to the physiopathology of OA as well as their modulation by Fn-fs

Estructura factorial del Schalock and Keith Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOL-Q): Validación con muestras mejicanas y españolas

El Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOL-Q) se utiliza con gran frecuencia para evaluar la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidad intelectual. Aunque se ha demostrado su validez en culturas hispano-hablantes para su uso con personas con deficiencias visuales, no ha sido así en el caso de personas con discapacidad física o intelectual. Ese es el propósito de este estudio

Tratamiento endovascular del ictus isquémico vertebrobasilar en Aragón: características clínicas, radiológicas, tiempos de atención y pronóstico a los 3 meses

Introducción: Los ictus de circulación posterior suponen el 15-20% del total de los ictus isquémicos, pero asocian en más del 60% de los casos mal pronóstico funcional y vital. Por sus características clínicas y radiológicas, su diagnóstico y manejo son más complejos que los de los ictus de circulación anterior. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar a los pacientes con ictus del sistema vertebrobasilar tratados con trombectomía mecánica en nuestra comunidad y definir sus características. Método: Análisis retrospectivo-descriptivo de los pacientes con ictus del sistema vertebrobasilar tratados mediante trombectomía mecánica en nuestro centro (hospital de referencia para la enfermedad cerebrovascular urgente en Aragón). Se definen características basales, factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas de presentación, escalas radiológicas, variables del procedimiento, tiempos de atención y pronóstico funcional a los 3 meses. Resultados: Se incluyó a 37 pacientes (39,5% mujeres) con una edad media de 68,34 ± 14,1 años. La primera causa etiológica fue la cardioembólica (42,1%), seguida de la aterotrombótica (28,9%). La localización más frecuente de la obstrucción fue el top de la basilar (55,3%). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron somnolencia (76,3%), déficit motor (71,1%) y náuseas (55,3%). Se logró reperfusión exitosa (mTICIx ≥ 2b) en el 81,1% de pacientes. El pronóstico funcional a 90 días fue desfavorable (mRS < 3) en el 59% de los casos. Conclusiones: Los ictus de circulación posterior se asocian a una importante morbimortalidad. Su presentación clínica subaguda y larvada dilata los tiempos de atención y dificulta una identificación precoz. La trombectomía mecánica es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz, si bien son necesarios más estudios que esclarezcan la selección de pacientes. Introduction: Posterior circulation stroke accounts for 15%-20% of ischaemic strokes, but is associated with poor functional and vital prognosis in over 60% of cases. Due to its clinical and radiological peculiarities, diagnosis and management are more complex than in anterior circulation stroke. This study analyses and characterises patients with vertebrobasilar strokes treated with mechanical thrombectomy in our region. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective analysis of patients with vertebrobasilar stroke and treated with mechanical thrombectomy at our centre, a reference centre for cerebrovascular emergencies for the region of Aragon. We recorded baseline characteristics, risk factors, signs and symptoms at onset, radiological assessment scale scores, procedure-related variables, management times, and functional prognosis at 3 months. Results: We selected 37 patients (39.5% women; mean age [standard deviation], 68.34 [14.1] years). Cardioembolic stroke (42.1%) was the most common aetiology, followed by atherothrombosis (28.9%). The top of the basilar artery was the most common site of obstruction (55.3%). The most frequent clinical features were somnolence (76.3%), motor deficits (71.1%), and nausea (55.3%). Successful reperfusion (mTICI ≥ 2b) was achieved in 81.1% of patients. Functional outcome at 90 days was poor (mRS < 3) in 59% of patients. Conclusions: Posterior circulation stroke is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Its subacute, nonspecific clinical course prolongs management times and hinders early detection. Mechanical thrombectomy is a safe and effective procedure, although further studies are needed to establish the optimal patient profile

Wnt and RUNX2 mediate cartilage breakdown by osteoarthritis synovial fibroblast‐derived ADAMTS‐7 and ‐12

Failure of therapeutic approaches for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) based on the inhibition of metalloproteinases, might be because of their constitutive expres‐ sion in homeostasis, together with their network complexity. The knowledge of this network would contribute to selective target pathological conditions. In this sense, blockade of mediators produced by neighbouring joint cells, such as synovial fibro‐ blasts (SF), would prevent cartilage damage. Thus, we studied the contribution of ADAMTS‐7 and ‐12 from SF to cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) degrada‐ tion, and the signalling pathways involved in their expression. We report for the first time in SF, the involvement of ERK‐Runx2 axis and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in ADAMTS‐12 and ADAMTS‐7 expressions, respectively, with the subsequent conse‐ quences in COMP degradation from cartilage extracellular matrix. After stimulation with IL‐1β or fibronectin fragments, we showed that ERK inhibition decreased Runx2 activation and ADAMTS‐12 expression in OA‐SF, also reducing Fn‐fs‐induced COMP degradation. Blockage of Wnt signalling by DKK1 reduced ADAMTS‐7 and COMP degradation in OA‐SF as well. In addition, Wnt7B expression was induced by IL‐1β and by itself, also increasing ADAMTS‐7. Our results could contribute to the develop‐ ment of disease‐modifying OA drugs targeting ADAMTS‐7 and ‐12 for the prevention of extracellular matrix components degradation like COMP

UK Space Agency ``Mars Utah Rover Field Investigation 2016'' (MURFI 2016): Overview of Mission, Aims, and Progress

The Mars Utah Rover Field Investigation “MURFI 2016” is a Mars Rover field analogue mission run by the UK Space Agency (UKSA) in collaboration with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). MURFI 2016 took place between 22nd October and 13th November 2016 and consisted of a field team including an instrumented Rover platform, at the field site near Hanksville (Utah, USA), and an ‘Operations Team’ based in the Mission Control Centre (MOC) at the Harwell Campus near Oxford in the UK.The field site was chosen based on the collaboration with the CSA and its Mars-like local geology. It was used by the CSA in 2015 for Mars Rover trials, and in 2016, several teams used the site, each with their own designated working areas. The two main aims of MURFI 2016 were (i) to develop logistical and leadership experience in running field trials within the UKSA, and (ii) to provide members of the Mars Science community with Rover Operations experience, and hence to build expertise that could be used in the 2020 ExoMars Rover mission, or other future Rover missions. Because MURFI 2016 was the first solely UKSA-led Rover analogue trial, the most important objective was to learn how to best implement Rover trials in general. This included aspects of planning, logistics, field safety, MOC setup and support, communications, person management and science team development. Some aspects were based on past experience from previous trials but the focus was on ‘learning through experience’ - especially in terms of the Operations Team, who each took on a variety of roles during the mission

Pre-Flight Calibration of the Mars 2020 Rover Mastcam Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imager

The NASA Perseverance rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) system is a pair of zoomable, focusable, multi-spectral, and color charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras mounted on top of a 1.7 m Remote Sensing Mast, along with associated electronics and two calibration targets. The cameras contain identical optical assemblies that can range in focal length from 26 mm (25.5∘×19.1∘ FOV) to 110 mm (6.2∘×4.2∘ FOV) and will acquire data at pixel scales of 148-540 μm at a range of 2 m and 7.4-27 cm at 1 km. The cameras are mounted on the rover’s mast with a stereo baseline of 24.3±0.1 cm and a toe-in angle of 1.17±0.03∘ (per camera). Each camera uses a Kodak KAI-2020 CCD with 1600×1200 active pixels and an 8 position filter wheel that contains an IR-cutoff filter for color imaging through the detectors’ Bayer-pattern filters, a neutral density (ND) solar filter for imaging the sun, and 6 narrow-band geology filters (16 total filters). An associated Digital Electronics Assembly provides command data interfaces to the rover, 11-to-8 bit companding, and JPEG compression capabilities. Herein, we describe pre-flight calibration of the Mastcam-Z instrument and characterize its radiometric and geometric behavior. Between April 26thth and May 9thth, 2019, ∼45,000 images were acquired during stand-alone calibration at Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) in San Diego, CA. Additional data were acquired during Assembly Test and Launch Operations (ATLO) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Kennedy Space Center. Results of the radiometric calibration validate a 5% absolute radiometric accuracy when using camera state parameters investigated during testing. When observing using camera state parameters not interrogated during calibration (e.g., non-canonical zoom positions), we conservatively estimate the absolute uncertainty to be 0.2 design requirement. We discuss lessons learned from calibration and suggest tactical strategies that will optimize the quality of science data acquired during operation at Mars. While most results matched expectations, some surprises were discovered, such as a strong wavelength and temperature dependence on the radiometric coefficients and a scene-dependent dynamic component to the zero-exposure bias frames. Calibration results and derived accuracies were validated using a Geoboard target consisting of well-characterized geologic samples