Aislamiento y caracterización de un inmunógeno asociado al linfoma L5178Y

Los antígenos tumorales representan el punto partida en el desarrollo de estrategias para la prevención, diagnóstico, monitoreo y tratamiento del cáncer y por ello, es de gran interés biomédico su aislamiento, así como las metodologías que para ello se emplean. En este trabajo usamos herramientas propias de la proteómica como la electroforesis bidimensional, análisis de imagen asistido por computadora, Western blotting y espectrometría de masas para la definición de los antígenos asociados al linfoma murino L5178Y. Se llevó a cabo el análisis comparativo de los patrones bidimensionales de expresión de proteínas de membrana de las células tumorigénicas L5178Y-R y su contraparte no tumorigénica L5178Y-S; establecimos los mapas de referencia para ambas líneas y encontramos diferencias en el patrón de expresión de proteínas, que hacen distintivo el perfil de membrana de cada una de estas líneas. Adicionalmente, aprovechamos la respuesta inmune humoral contra tumores de animales inmunizados con ambas líneas para detectar antígenos potenciales en ensayos de inmunodetección. De esta forma identificamos una forma inmunogénica de la proteína sérica alfa-2-HS-glicoproteína asociada a la línea celular L5178Y-R, pero no a la sub-línea no tumorigénica L5178Y-S. Se requieren estudios adicionales para establecer el papel que juega esta forma inmunogénica de fetuina en la tumorigénesis del linfoma L5178Y-R y si esta fetuina inmunogénica se encuentra en otras formas de cáncer. Abstract Tumor antigens hold great promise to develop strategies in cancer prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. In the present thesis work we applied proteomic tools such as two-dimensional electrophoresis, computer assisted image analysis, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry, to define the antigens associated to the murine lymphoma L5178Y. In was performed comparative analysis of two-dimensional patterns of membrane proteins for the tumorigenic cells L5178Y-R (LY-R) and the non tumorigenic L5178Y-S (LY-S). The reference proteomic maps for both cell lines showed differences in protein expression patterns that make distinctive the membrane profile for each cell line. Auto-antibodies raised against LY-R and LY-S cells were employed to detect potential antigens in the surface of these cells in immunodetection assays. Through this approach it was detected an immunogenic form of alpha-2-HSglycoprotein, also known as fetuin-A, on LY-R lymphoma cells. Fetuin-A was recognized by antibodies present in the serum of LY-R tumor-bearing and immunized mice, but not by sera of mice immunized with the non-tumorigenic variant LY-S or by healthy mouse serum. Further analysis is needed in order to establish the role that immunogenic fetuin-A plays in tumorigenesis of this lymphoma and if this immunogenic form is relevant to others types of cancer

Evaluación de nuevos opioides agonistas no peptidicos del tipo delta y mu sobre las funciones inmunológicas de macrofagos y linfocitos de humano y rata, y sus efectos antitumorales en contra de líneas mieloides y linfoides

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Inmunología) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Bioethics for Biotechnologists: From Dolly to CRISPR

Abstract: Bioethics, as a discipline, has developed mainly, but not exclusively, around themes of moral importance for the medical practice, such as abortion and euthanasia, a never ending discussion that has been shaped by social mores and influenced by scientific and technological advance. However, in the past 20 years an important shift has been taking place, one where bioethical issues and their discussion are starting to being driven by the so-called emerging biotechnologies, from cloning to genome sequencing and editing. If Bioethics is concerned with human beings, and their interaction with other living beings and the environment, it makes sense for Biotechnology, by definition the use of living systems or organisms to develop products, to become an important, if not the most important, source of bioethical conflicts in modern era and for future society. As Biotechnology keeps expanding and becomes entangled in everyday life, so does the need for ethical competent biotechnologists, with competencies built not only on ethical principles but also on a realistic grasp of the impact these technologies could have on human society and the world we inhabit. Keywords: Biotechnology, genome editing, animal cloning, ethics, fairness, biothreats, biosafety, biosecurit

La enseñanza del ajuste de la información al espacio en la construcción de textos escritos/ Teaching how to adjust information to the space in the construction of written texts

Objective: This article explores various conceptual approaches about teaching-learning process of the construction of written texts, when a certain space is required, which is reached by a systematization of the studies of other specialties, without background found. Methods: The methods used were historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, Systemic-structural and systematization. These methods allowed penetrating the essence of the problem identified, analyzing and processing the theory about the fundamentals were used of the direction of the teaching-learning process of the construction of written texts and the teaching of the notion of space.Results: The fundamental result is didactic resources for textual spatiality, understood as the set of teaching techniques, procedures and materials made available to teaching activities to diversify learning, and enhance teaching methods for the distribution of space in said process. Conclusion: The conceptualization and the methodological procedure are contributions to the didactics of the construction of written texts when is required a specific space.Keywords: professional, didactic procedure, construction of written textsObjetivo: Este artículo explora diversas aproximaciones conceptuales sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la construcción de textos escritos, cuando se exige un determinado espacio, a las que se llega por una sistematización de los estudios  de otras especialidades, sin antecedentes encontrados. Métodos: Se emplearon los métodos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, ascenso de lo abstracto a lo concreto, Sistémico-estructural y sistematización que  posibilitan penetrar en la esencia del problema identificado, analizar y procesar la teoría acerca de los fundamentos de la dirección del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la construcción de textos escritos y la enseñanza de la noción de espacio en este proceso. Resultados: El resultado fundamental son recursos didácticos para la espacialidad textual, entendidos como el conjunto de técnicas, procedimientos y materiales didácticos puestos a disposición de las actividades docentes para diversificar el aprendizaje, y potenciar los métodos de enseñanza para la distribución del espacio en dicho proceso. Conclusión: La conceptualización y el proceder metodológico son aportes a la didáctica de la construcción de textos escritos cuando se exige un espacio determinado. &nbsp

Regulación neuroendocrina del sistema inmune

El sistema inmune recibe señales del sistema nervioso central (cerebro) vía el sistema nervioso autónomo y el sistema endocrino. El sistema inmune, a su vez, envía información al cerebro vía citocinas. Este sistema de retroalimentación es vital para el funcionamiento adecuado del organismo en situaciones normales, y en aquellas en las que la homeostasis se ve perturbada, como en casos de estrés, consumo de drogas (terapéuticas o de abuso), enfermedades infecciosas y cáncer

Synthesis and characterization of calcium hydroxide obtained from agave bagasse and investigation of its antibacterial activity

ABSTRACT Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is recognized as an efficient bactericide and is widely applied as a root canal filler in endodontic treatment. Ca(OH)2 is mainly produced by hydration of calcium oxide (CaO), a product of the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from sources such as limestone. In this work, calcium hydroxide particles were synthetized by the thermochemical transformation of waste biomass from the tequila industry. Agave biomass processed at 600 °C was composed mostly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), while calcination at 900 °C followed by hydration produced Ca(OH)2. The morphology and crystalline nature of the Ca(OH)2 particles were characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Bactericidal activity of synthesized calcium hydroxide was evaluated with the agar diffusion assay. Our results provide evidence that Ca(OH)2 obtained from agave biomass is an effective bactericidal against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Biomass from agave is available in Mexico and the rest of the American continent, the use of processed bagasse for medical applications could provide a venue for the useful disposition of industrial waste. Palabras clave: recursos renovables, ceniza, bactericida, Ca(OH)2 RESUMEN El hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH)2) es reconocido como un eficiente bactericida y es ampliamente utilizado como relleno de la raíz dental en tratamientos de endodoncia. El Ca(OH)2 es producido por la hidratación del óxido de calcio (CaO), un producto de la descomposición térmica del carbonato de calcio (CaCO3), obtenido principalmente de piedra caliza. En el presente trabajo, se sintetizaron partículas de hidróxido de calcio mediante la descomposición térmica de biomasa residual de la industria tequilera. La biomasa de agave se procesó a 600 °C, la cual se compone principalmente de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3), por lo que su calcinación a 900 °C y posterior hidratación producen el Ca(OH)2. La morfología y cristalinidad de las partículas de Ca(OH)2 se caracterizaron mediante el uso de espectroscopía Raman, microscopio electrónico de barrido y difracción de rayos X. La actividad bactericida del hidróxido de calcio obtenido, se evaluó mediante el ensayo de difusión en agar. Los resultados proveen evidencia de la efectividad del Ca(OH)2, obtenido de la biomasa de agave, contra Escherichia coli y Enterococcus faecalis. La biomasa de agave se encuentra ampliamente disponible en México y el resto del continente americano, por lo que el uso de bagazo de agave procesado en aplicaciones médicas, puede proveer una alternativa en la disposición y el uso de residuos agroindustriales

Beta-3 adrenergic receptor blockade prevents alterations in feeding behavior in lymphoma-bearing mice in a sex-dependent manner

Introduction: Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of adipose and muscular tissue and is characterized by a reduced food intake. Local b-3 adrenergic receptor activation in adipose tissue induces lipolysis, whereas b-3 signaling in tumors has been shown to be tumorigenic in some cancer models. Therefore, b-3 signaling may be a therapeutic target in cancer cachexia. The aim of this study was to assess the role of b-3 adrenergic signaling in feeding behavior, body composition, and tumor progression in the L5178Y-R murine lymphoma model. Methods: In our study we used BALB/c mice of both sexes, which were divided in tumor-free and tumor-bearing groups. For the tumor model, L5178Y-R lymphoma cells were subcutaneously administered into animals right flank. These groups of mice intraperitoneally received L-748,337, a beta-3 antagonist, at a 50 mg/kg/day dose, starting the day after tumor implantation. Food and water intake were monitored every other day and body mass index (BMI) was calculated at the end of the experiment. Animals were euthanized for necropsy, when endpoint criteria were achieved. Transcriptional expression of Ucp-1, a molecular marker of thermogenesis, was quantified in interscapular adipose tissue. Results: We observed a 15% and 35% reduction in food intake in tumor-bearing male and female mice, respectively. This effect was not observed in male mice treated with the b-3 adrenergic receptor antagonist L-748,337. In females, such an effect persisted despite beta-3 blocking. Reduced water intake was also observed in tumor-bearing animals, which was not altered by beta-3 antagonism. We also observed that tumor-free mice of both sexes showed reduced water intake after L-748,337 treatment. Furthermore, reduced BMI was observed in tumor-bearing animals of both sexes, which was not changed by b-3 blocking. Interscapular adipose tissue loss was observed in females (51.06%) but not in males. Additionally, 1.7-fold and 4.4-fold reduction in Ucp-1 gene expression was shown in tumor-bearing males and females, respectively. Decreased final tumor weight was observed only in tumor-bearing females treated with L-748,337 (p \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: In L5178Y-R tumor-bearing BALB/c mice, selective blocking of beta-3 adrenergic signaling prevents alterations in food intake in a sex-dependent manner