CPT White Paper on Tier-1 Computing Resource Needs

In the summer of 2005, CMS like the other LHC experiments published a Computing Technical Design Report (C-TDR) for the LHCC, which describes the CMS computing models as a distributed system of Tier-0, Tier-1, and Tier-2 regional computing centers, and the CERN analysis facility, the CMS-CAF. The C-TDR contains information on resource needs for the different computing tiers that are derived from a set of input assumptions and desiderata on how to achieve high-throughput and a robust computing environment. At the CERN Computing Resources Review Board meeting in October 2005, the funding agencies agreed on a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) describing the worldwide collaboration on LHC computing (WLCG). In preparation for this meeting the LCG project had put together information from countries regarding their pledges for computing resources at Tier-1 and Tier-2 centers. These pledges include the amount of CPU power, disk storage, tape storage library space, and network connectivity for each of the LHC experiment for the subsequent five years. In this White Paper we describe the current situation for CMS regarding pledged computing resources

Good Conduct Police Report Issued for Mrs. Zofia Drzewieniecka

Good conduct police report issued for Mrs. Zofia Drzewieniecka by 2nd Polish Corps Military Police signed by Captain S. Zaremba (in English). Ancona, Italy, August 15, 1946.https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/ymcadocs/1007/thumbnail.jp

Thermal Imagery Applied to Reducing Bird Hazards to Aircraft at Airports

Airports worldwide are at a disadvantage when it comes to being able to spot birds and warn aircrews about the location of flocks either on the ground or close to the airfield. Birds simply cannot be easily seen during the day and are nearly invisible targets for planes at night or during low visibility. Thermal imaging (infrared) devices can be used to allow ground and tower personnel to pinpoint bird locations day or night, thus giving the airport operators the ability to launch countermeasures or simply warn the aircrews. This technology is available now, though it has been predominately isolated to medical and military system modifications. The cost of these devices has dropped significantly in recent years as technology, capability, and availability have continued to increase. Davison Army Airfield (DAAF), which is located about 20 miles south of Ronald Reagan National Airport in Washington, DC, is the transient home to many bird species including an abundance of ducks, seagulls, pigeons, and migrating Canadian geese. Over the past few years, DAAF implemented a variety of measures in an attempt to control the bird hazards on the airfield. Unfortunately, when it came to controlling these birds on or near our runways and aircraft movement areas we were more reactive than proactive. We would do airfield checks several times an hour to detect and deter any birds in these areas. The deterrents used included vehicle/human presence, pyrotechnics, and the periodic use of a trained border collie. At the time, we felt like we were doing all we could to reduce the threat to aircraft and human life. It was not until a near fatal accident in October 1998, when we truly realized how dangerous our operating environment really was to aircraft at or near the airfield. It was at this time, we had a C-12 (twin-engine passenger plane) land on our primary runway at night. The tower cleared the aircraft to land, and upon touchdown to the runway the aircraft collided with a flock of geese. Neither the tower nor the crew of the aircraft saw the geese because they were obscured in the darkness. The end result was 12 dead geese and $374,000 damage to the C-12. Fortunately, there were no human fatalities, but it was painfully clear we needed to improve our method of clearing the runway at night and during low visibility conditions. It was through this realization that we ventured to the U.S. Army Communications and Electronics Command for ideas on ways to deal with our threat. It was through a sub-organization within this command, Night Vision Labs, that we realized the possibilities of modifying thermal imagery and infrared technology to detecting wildlife on airports

Inventory performance under staggered deliveries and autocorrelated demand

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordProduction plans often span a whole week or month, even when independent production lots are completed every day and service performance is tallied daily. Such policies are said to use staggered deliveries, meaning that the production rate for multiple days are determined at a single point in time. Assuming autocorrelated demand, and linear inventory holding and backlog costs, we identify the optimal replenishment policy for order cycles of length P. With the addition of a once-per-cycle audit cost, we optimize the order cycle length P∗ via an inverse-function approach. In addition, we characterize periodic inventory costs, availability, and fill rate. As a consequence of staggering deliveries, the inventory level becomes cyclically heteroskedastic. This manifests itself as ripples in the expected cost and service levels. Nevertheless, the cost-optimal replenishment policy achieves a constant availability by using time-varying safety stocks; this is not the case with suboptimal constant safety stock policies, where the availability fluctuates over the cycle

Translation of Statement on Oath Relating to a Birth Certificate for Zofia Wiśniewska

Official translation of a Catholic Church document (“Statement on Oath Relating to a Birth Certificate”) providing details on the birth and baptism of Zofia Wiśniewska and her marriage to Włodzimierz Drzewieniecki. Signed by Captain Z.S. Kulpiński, Headquarters, Polish 2nd Corps, October 5, 1946.https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/drzcivdoc/1001/thumbnail.jp

Polish version of Statement on Oath Relating to a Birth Certificate for Zofia Wiśniewska

Certified Copy of original Polish version of a Catholic Church document (“Statement on Oath Relating to a Birth Certificate”) providing details on the birth and baptism of Zofia Wiśniewska and her marriage to Włodzimierz Drzewieniecki. ( See D232 for english translation). Signed by Captain Kulpinski, Headquarters, Polish 2nd Corps, October 5,1946.https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/drzcivdoc/1011/thumbnail.jp

Avoiding the capacity cost trap: Three means of smoothing under cyclical production planning

This is the author accepted manuscript. the final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordCompanies tend to set their master production schedule weekly, even when producing and shipping on a daily basis—the term for this is staggered deliveries. This practice is common even when there is no marginal cost of setting a new schedule. We argue that the practice is sound for companies that use the ubiquitous order-up-to (OUT) policy to control production of products with a significant capacity cost. Under these conditions, the length of the order cycle (time between schedule updates) has a damping effect on production, while a unit (daily) order cycle can cause significant capacity costs. We call this the capacity cost trap. Developing an analytical model based on industrial evidence, we derive capacity and inventory costs under the staggered OUT policy, showing that for this policy there is an optimal order cycle possibly greater than unity. To improve on this solution, we consider three approaches to smoothing: either levelling within the cycle, deferring excess production or idling to future cycles via a proportional OUT policy, or increasing the length of the cycle. By deriving exact cost expressions we compare these approaches, finding that smoothing by employing the proportional OUT policy is sufficient to avoid the capacity cost trap.Norwegian Research CouncilBIA programm

Thermal Imagery Applied to Reducing Bird Hazards to Aircraft at Airports

Airports worldwide are at a disadvantage when it comes to being able to spot birds and warn aircrews about the location of flocks either on the ground or close to the airfield. Birds simply cannot be easily seen during the day and are nearly invisible targets for planes at night or during low visibility. Thermal imaging (infrared) devices can be used to allow ground and tower personnel to pinpoint bird locations day or night, thus giving the airport operators the ability to launch countermeasures or simply warn the aircrews. This technology is available now, though it has been predominately isolated to medical and military system modifications. The cost of these devices has dropped significantly in recent years as technology, capability, and availability have continued to increase. Davison Army Airfield (DAAF), which is located about 20 miles south of Ronald Reagan National Airport in Washington, DC, is the transient home to many bird species including an abundance of ducks, seagulls, pigeons, and migrating Canadian geese. Over the past few years, DAAF implemented a variety of measures in an attempt to control the bird hazards on the airfield. Unfortunately, when it came to controlling these birds on or near our runways and aircraft movement areas we were more reactive than proactive. We would do airfield checks several times an hour to detect and deter any birds in these areas. The deterrents used included vehicle/human presence, pyrotechnics, and the periodic use of a trained border collie. At the time, we felt like we were doing all we could to reduce the threat to aircraft and human life. It was not until a near fatal accident in October 1998, when we truly realized how dangerous our operating environment really was to aircraft at or near the airfield. It was at this time, we had a C-12 (twin-engine passenger plane) land on our primary runway at night. The tower cleared the aircraft to land, and upon touchdown to the runway the aircraft collided with a flock of geese. Neither the tower nor the crew of the aircraft saw the geese because they were obscured in the darkness. The end result was 12 dead geese and $374,000 damage to the C-12. Fortunately, there were no human fatalities, but it was painfully clear we needed to improve our method of clearing the runway at night and during low visibility conditions. It was through this realization that we ventured to the U.S. Army Communications and Electronics Command for ideas on ways to deal with our threat. It was through a sub-organization within this command, Night Vision Labs, that we realized the possibilities of modifying thermal imagery and infrared technology to detecting wildlife on airports

Marriage certificate of Włodzimierz Marian Drzewieniecki and Zofia Anna Wiśniewska-Krzyżanowska

Marriage certificate of Włodzimierz Marian Drzewieniecki and Zofia Anna Wiśniewska-Krzyżanowska on June 10, 1945 in Bologna, Italy, based on the entry in the Book of Marriages of the 2nd Polish Corps. Certified by Captain Z.S. Kulpiński, Headquarters, 2nd Polish Corps, Italy, July 28, 1946. (In Polish)https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/drzcivdoc/1012/thumbnail.jp

Enabling Others to Win in a Complex World: Maximizing Security Force Assistance Potential in the Regionally Aligned Brigade Combat Team

Beginning in 2013, the U.S. Army began an effort to “engage regionally and respond globally.” A central tenant of this strategy, building upon National strategic guidance, is the necessity to build partner capacity. Army units, through the regionally aligned forces concept, may find themselves conducting security force assistance (SFA) missions across the globe as a means to achieve these ways. However, after examining the Army’s SFA mission in Operation IRAQI FREEDOM from 2003-10, it becomes apparent that institutional and organizational shortcomings plagued the Army’s initial efforts in this critical aspect of the campaign. Many of these shortcomings remain in the Army today, particularly within the Army’s core formation—the brigade combat team (BCT). This monograph examines the Army’s role in conducting SFA in Iraq, drawing key lessons for the Army’s experience there, and then provides recommendations as to how the Army can better optimize the BCT to conduct SFA, while still retaining its core mission to fight and win America’s wars.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1430/thumbnail.jp