17 research outputs found
ANĂLISE FĂSICO-QUĂMICA, BROMATOLĂGICA E ANTIBACTERIANA DOS FRUTOS DE Tamarindus indica LINN
Alimentos funcionais possuem propriedades benĂ©ficas alĂ©m das nutricionais bĂĄsicas, regulando funçÔes corporais a auxiliar na proteção contra doenças. Esse estudo analisou as caracterĂsticas dos frutos de Tamarindus indica L. como alimento funcional. Foram realizadas anĂĄlises fĂsico-quĂmicas (acidez total e pH), bromatolĂłgicas (umidade, lipĂdeos, proteĂnas, carboidratos, pectinas e cinzas), antibacteriana e prospecção fitoquĂmica. Os extratos foram obtidos a frio em solvente orgĂąnico, e o Ăłleo fixo pelo mĂ©todo de Soxhlet. Nos resultados fĂsico-quĂmicos foram registrados teores de pH e acidez total de 2,75±0,0% e 16.99±1,3% (frutos sem casca) e 2,84±0,0% e 19,02±1% (frutos com casca). Os frutos apresentaram quantidades significativas de ĂĄgua (74±2%), lipĂdeos (0,09%±0,0%), proteĂnas (0,43±0,3%), carboidratos (27,31±1,2% e 15,42±0,0% redutores e nĂŁo redutores, respectivamente), pectinas (2,26±0,4%) e cinzas (2,97±0,1%). A prospecção fitoquĂmica apresentou diferentes classes de flavonĂłides. Esse trabalho destaca a importĂąncia do consumo do fruto de T. indica L. como alimento funcional, pelo seu potencial nutricional e terapĂȘutico. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cad.cult.cienc.v14i1.77
Piceatannol Increases Antioxidant Defense and Reduces Cell Death in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast under Oxidative Stress
Piceatannol is a resveratrol metabolite that is considered a potent antioxidant and cytoprotector because of its high capacity to chelate/sequester reactive oxygen species. In pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, the imbalance of reactive oxygen species is closely related to the disorder in the cells and may cause changes in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial activity, which is implicated in oxidative stress status or even in cell death. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate piceatannol as cytoprotector in culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts through in vitro analyses of cell viability and oxidative stress parameters after oxidative stress induced as an injury simulator. Fibroblasts were seeded and divided into the following study groups: control, vehicle, control piceatannol, H2O2 exposure, and H2O2 exposure combined with the maintenance in piceatannol ranging from 0.1 to 20 ”M. The parameters analyzed following exposure were cell viability by trypan blue exclusion test, general metabolism status by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, mitochondrial activity through the ATP production, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced gluthatione. Piceatannol was shown to be cytoprotective due the maintenance of cell viability between 1 and 10 ”M even in the presence of H2O2. In a concentration of 0.1 ”M piceatannol decreased significantly cell viability but increased cellular metabolism and antioxidant capacity of the fibroblasts. On the other hand, the fibroblasts treated with piceatannol at 1 ”M presented low metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, piceatannol did not protect cells from mitochondrial damage as measured by ATP production. In summary, piceatannol is a potent antioxidant in low concentrations with cytoprotective capacity, but it does not prevent all damage caused by hydrogen peroxide
Judiciary as the last resort to protect children and adolescents: intersectoral actions, investment in human resources, and structuring of services
Desejos de cidade: imaginĂĄrios urbanos em assentamentos rurais numa ĂĄrea de reserva de mata atlĂąntica brasileira
Uma utopia brasileira: Vargas e a construção do estado de bem-estar numa sociedade estruturalmente desigual
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.
BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5âĂâ1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1â-ârelative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23â848 participants were enrolled and 11â636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74â341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK
Background
A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials.
Methods
This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5âĂâ1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1â-ârelative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674.
Findings
Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23â848 participants were enrolled and 11â636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0â75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4â97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8â80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74â341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3â4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation.
Interpretation
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials
Occurrence of ectoparasites on dogs in rural regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil OcorrĂȘncia de ectoparasitos de cĂŁes de ĂĄrea rural do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
The present study examined occurrences of ectoparasites and identified them on dogs in rural regions in Brazil, and assessed the influence of climate on these parasites. Ectoparasites were randomly collected from 194 dogs living on farms located in Lavras (n = 92) and Nanuque (n = 102) during the dry season. During the subsequent rainy season, the same dogs in Lavras (n = 71) and Nanuque (n = 66) were resampled. During the experiment, fleas, ticks, lice and fly larvae were collected. The flea species Ctenocephalides felis was the most common ectoparasite collected from these dogs. The main tick species that infested the dogs in rural areas of Nanuque and Lavras was Amblyomma cajennense. In Lavras, the dogs had high levels of flea infestation (80.4 and 88.7% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and low levels of tick infestation (19.6 and 28.2% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively), without any significant differences in infestation rates between the seasons. In Nanuque, moderate levels of flea infestation (68.6 and 43.9% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) and A. cajennense (65.7 and 47.0% in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively) were observed, with significantly lower prevalence in the rainy season (p O presente estudo examinou a ocorrĂȘncia e identificação de ectoparasitas em cĂŁes de ĂĄreas rurais no Brasil, e a influĂȘncia do clima sobre esses parasitas. Ectoparasitas foram aleatoriamente coletados de 194 cĂŁes provenientes de fazendas localizadas em Lavras (n = 92) e Nanuque (n = 102) durante o perĂodo seco. No perĂodo chuvoso subsequente, os mesmos cĂŁes de Lavras (n = 71) e Nanuque (n = 66) foram re-amostrados. Durante o experimento, pulgas, carrapatos, piolhos e larvas de diptera foram coletados. A espĂ©cie de pulga Ctenocephalides felis foi o ectoparasita mais comumente encontrado desses cĂŁes. A principal espĂ©cie de carrapato que infestava os cĂŁes nas ĂĄreas rurais de Nanuque e Lavras foi Amblyomma cajennense. Em Lavras, os cĂŁes tinham altos nĂveis de infestação de pulgas (80,4 e 88,7% nas estaçÔes seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) e baixos nĂveis de infestação por carrapatos (19,6 e 28,2% nas estaçÔes seca e chuvosa, respectivamente), nĂŁo sendo observada diferença significativa nas taxas de infestação entre as estaçÔes. Em Nanuque, nĂveis moderados de infestação por pulgas (68,6 e 43,9% nas estaçÔes seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) e A. cajennense (65,7 e 47,0% na estação seca e chuvosa, respectivamente) foram observadas, com prevalĂȘncia significativamente menor na estação chuvosa (p < 0,05). A presença de ectoparasitas foi evidente em ambas as Ă©pocas do ano, mas as diferentes temperaturas poderiam ter influenciado a ocorrĂȘncia de parasitas em Lavras e Nanuque