Analyse du mode de gestion de la forêt classée de Maro face à des pressions agropastorales au Burkina Faso

Les forêts classées au Burkina Faso, malgré les différentes mesures qui règlementent leurs accès, subissent de nos jours, une forte pression anthropique. Pour mieux appréhender cette pression, l’étude est portée sur la forêt classée de Maro. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser le mode de gestion des ressources naturelles de la forêt classée de Maro au regard des pressions agropastorales. La démarche méthodologique par enquête à travers des interviews structurées et basée sur une approche systémique de 87 acteurs, a permis de déterminer les facteurs physiques de la pratique agropastorale et d’analyser l’implication des acteurs dans le processus de gestion de la forêt. Les résultats de cette analyse montrent au niveau des facteurs physiques que la non maitrise de la limite de la forêt, la recherche de terres fertiles ainsi que la recherche d’alimentation pour le bétail sont des facteurs clés qui favorisent la pratique agropastorale à l’intérieur de cette forêt. Au niveau de l’implication des acteurs, les résultats révèlent une insuffisance d’implication de tous les acteurs dans le processus de gestion des ressources naturelles forestières de la forêt classée de Maro. Pour réduire ces pratiques agropastorales, il sera nécessaire de développer des pratiques innovantes de gestion durable des terres, favoriser la visibilité des limites de la forêt au profit de la population et créer un cadre de concertation entre acteurs. Afin de garantir une gestion efficace, il serait nécessaire d’élaborer et rendre opérationnel un dispositif de surveillance. Despite the various measures that regulate access to classified forests in Burkina Faso, they are currently under strong anthropogenic pressure. To better understand this pressure, the study is focused on the Maro classified forest. In this context, the main objective of this article is to analyse the management of the natural resources of the Maro classified forest in relation to agropastoral pressures. The methodological approach by survey through structured interviews and based on a systemic approach of eighty-seven (87) stakeholders, made it possible to determine the physical factors of agropastoral practice and to analyze the involvement of stakeholders in the forest management process. The results of this analysis show in terms of physical factors that the lack of control of the forest boundary, the search for fertile land and the search for livestock feed are key factors that promote agropastoral practice in the interior of this forest. In terms of stakeholder involvement, the results reveal a lack of involvement of all stakeholders in the management process of the natural forest resources of the Maro classified forest. In order to reduce these agro-pastoral practices, it will be necessary to develop innovative sustainable land management practices, promote the visibility of forest boundaries for the benefit of the population and create a framework for consultation between stakeholders. In order to guarantee effective management, it will be necessary to develop and make operational a monitoring system

Lessons learned for surveillance system strengthening through capacity building and partnership engagement in post-Ebola Guinea, 2015–2019

The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in Guinea revealed systematic weaknesses in the existing disease surveillance system, which contributed to delayed detection, underreporting of cases, widespread transmission in Guinea and cross-border transmission to neighboring Sierra Leone and Liberia, leading to the largest Ebola epidemic ever recorded. Efforts to understand the epidemic's scale and distribution were hindered by problems with data completeness, accuracy, and reliability. In 2017, recognizing the importance and usefulness of surveillance data in making evidence-based decisions for the control of epidemic-prone diseases, the Guinean Ministry of Health (MoH) included surveillance strengthening as a priority activity in their post-Ebola transition plan and requested the support of partners to attain its objectives. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC) and four of its implementing partners—International Medical Corps, the International Organization for Migration, RTI International, and the World Health Organization—worked in collaboration with the Government of Guinea to strengthen the country's surveillance capacity, in alignment with the Global Health Security Agenda and International Health Regulations 2005 objectives for surveillance and reporting. This paper describes the main surveillance activities supported by US CDC and its partners between 2015 and 2019 and provides information on the strategies used and the impact of activities. It also discusses lessons learned for building sustainable capacity and infrastructure for disease surveillance and reporting in similar resource-limited settings

Persistent Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia 72 Hours after Treatment with Artemether-Lumefantrine Predicts 42-Day Treatment Failure in Mali and Burkina Faso.

A recent randomized controlled trial, the WANECAM (West African Network for Clinical Trials of Antimalarial Drugs) trial, conducted at seven centers in West Africa, found that artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, pyronaridine-artesunate, and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine all displayed good efficacy. However, artemether-lumefantrine was associated with a shorter interval between clinical episodes than the other regimens. In a further comparison of these therapies, we identified cases of persisting submicroscopic parasitemia by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at 72 h posttreatment among WANECAM participants from 5 sites in Mali and Burkina Faso, and we compared treatment outcomes for this group to those with complete parasite clearance by 72 h. Among 552 evaluable patients, 17.7% had qPCR-detectable parasitemia at 72 h during their first treatment episode. This proportion varied among sites, reflecting differences in malaria transmission intensity, but did not differ among pooled drug treatment groups. However, patients who received artemether-lumefantrine and were qPCR positive at 72 h were significantly more likely to have microscopically detectable recurrent Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia by day 42 than those receiving other regimens and experienced, on average, a shorter interval before the next clinical episode. Haplotypes of pfcrt and pfmdr1 were also evaluated in persisting parasites. These data identify a possible threat to the parasitological efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in West Africa, over a decade since it was first introduced on a large scale

Understanding premarital pregnancies among adolescents and young women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

In developing countries, young women between 15 and 24 years of age account for more than 40% of unsafe abortions due to the high number of unwanted and/or out-of-wedlock pregnancies. However, much about the profile of adolescents and young women who usually experience premarital pregnancies remains unknown. This study sought to understand the risk of pregnancy before marriage among adolescents and young women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. By using longitudinal data from a demographic surveillance system, we tested the explanatory power of two theoretical assumptions on premarital childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa, which assumptions are the cultural inheritance model and the social capital model. The results confirmed the explanatory power of the cultural inheritance model on the one hand and partially confirmed the power of the social capital model on the other hand. These results highlight the need for a multipronged approach to sexual and reproductive health for young people. Efforts against premarital pregnancies among adolescents and young women would be more effective if they were based on participatory approaches, incorporating actions at both community and institutional levels, as suggested by the recent Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents logical framework

Reunifying and separating: An analysis of residential arrangements of migrant couples in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

International audienceThis paper offers new evidence on the residential arrangements of couples in the context of migration and urbanisation in Africa, focusing on the case of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso's capital city. We use a mixed-methods approach, combining data from a survey on the family histories of migrants merged with data from the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System and qualitative interviews. The objective is to analyse how the migrants themselves perceive "living apart together", the extent of this phenomenon, its timing, and the factors influencing it. The longitudinal nature of our data specifically allows for the study of the drivers of couple reunification in Ouagadougou and of the physical separation of partners, whereby one goes to live away from Ouagadougou. Our results reveal that 25% of migrants in a union had a partner living outside Ouagadougou in 2015, and that the residential arrangements of such couples were associated with gender relations, family cycle, and integration into the city

Etude comparative des effets du COVID-19 sur les activités des pêcheurs dans deux pêcheries au Burkina Faso

La pêche artisanale au Burkina Faso déjà fragile a été fortement touchée suite aux mesures gouvernementales entreprises pour endiguer la propagation du COVID-19. Les pêcheurs ont été les premiers acteurs à ressentir l’onde de la crise. Cette étude a été entreprise pour évaluer l’impact de cette pandémie sur leurs activités dans deux pêcheries au Burkina Faso. Pour ce faire, une enquête a été menée dans les pêcheries de Samendéni et du Sourou. Au total, 86 pêcheurs ont été interviewés. Les variables collectées sont : le taux de chômage, la réduction du temps de pêche, la variation du prix de poisson, pertes de revenus, l’inaccessibilité du matériel de pêche. Les résultats révèlent que 31,4% des pêcheurs se sont retrouvés sans emploi dont 41,2% sont issus de Samendéni et 17,1% au Sourou. Une réduction de temps de pêche de 1 à 6 mois a été constatée chez 53,49%. La perception des pêcheurs sur les captures montre que 2,32% ont réalisé des gains de captures, 27,91% n’ont pas constaté une variation de leur capture et 69,77% ont noté une baisse des quantités prises. Ils ont perdu respectivement à Samendéni et au Sourou en moyenne 30,3% et 22,16% de leur de revenus. Cette étude a pu révéler les difficultés que les pêcheurs ont vécues lors des mesures restrictives pour endiguer le COVID-19

Evaluation of acute, subacute toxicity and in vivo impact of aqueous decoction of Flemingia faginea Guill. & Perr. (Barker) leafy stems on NMRI mice and normotensive Wistar rats

Introduction: Flemingia faginea, a Fabaceae family medicinal plant, has been used for a long time in Burkina Faso for the treatment of hypertension and excess salt. However, the safety of the preparations derived from this plant has not yet been scientifically documented. This study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute oral toxicity of the leafy stems aqueous decoction of F. faginea (FAD) in healthy normotensive mice and rats and the impact on their normal blood pressure. Material and Methods: The acute oral toxicity study was conducted according to the toxicity class method of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization (OECD) guideline 423. Subacute toxicity was carried out according to the OECD Guideline 407 for repeated dose chemical toxicity for 28 days. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood were performed after autopsy. An evaluation of the impact of the extract on the blood pressure of rats was performed using the non-invasive method. Results: A single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg bw to mice did not cause mortality or clinical signs or symptoms of toxicity during the 14-day study. The FAD was classified in the fifth category of the Harmonized System of Classification of the United Nations and considered practically safe with an estimated 50% lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg bw. Daily gavage of male and female rats with doses of 100,500 and 1000 mg/kg did not result in mortality or significant adverse effects during the 28days of experimentation. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, food &water consumption or relative vital organ weights in treated animals. Analysis of the hematological and biochemical parameters of blood serum did not show significant differences between treated and control animals in this study. Additionally, no aberrant changes were found in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the test animals during the 28 days of inclusion compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: The extract FAD could be considered safe within the doses tested for the results of the toxicological evaluation. However, microscopic, histopathological, and subchronic investigations will have to be carried out to confirm the safety of this extract use

Pyronaridine–artesunate or dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus current first-line therapies for repeated treatment of uncomplicated malaria: a randomised, multicentre, open-label, longitudinal, controlled, phase 3b/4 trial

International audienc

Risques climatiques et agriculture en Afrique de l’Ouest

Le futur de l’Afrique de l’Ouest dépend de la capacité du secteur de l’agriculture à s’adapter pour garantir la sécurité alimentaire dans un contexte de changement climatique et de croissance démographique. Pour faciliter cette adaptation, la recherche a déployé d’importants efforts pour améliorer les connaissances sur les mécanismes climatiques et leurs impacts sur les systèmes agropastoraux. Or, ces avancées issues de la recherche ne sont que rarement prises en compte dans la planification et la prise de décision. Partant de ce constat, un projet de recherche « Agriculture et gestion des risques climatiques : outils et recherches en Afrique », soutenu par le ministère français des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international est mené entre 2016 et 2018 dans plusieurs pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Il a pour objectif d’élaborer des outils efficaces de gestion du risque climatique pour les agriculteurs, en co-construisant avec des réseaux de chercheurs et d’acteurs directement impliqués dans l’accompagnement de l’agriculture des stratégies innovantes basées sur les résultats de la recherche. Cet ouvrage restitue les principales avancées de cette recherche-action sur trois thématiques prioritaires : les services climatiques pour l’agriculture, la gestion des ressources en eau et l’intensification écologique. Il permet aux acteurs du secteur agricole (organisations paysannes, filières, secteur privé agricole, banques de développement agricole, fournisseurs d’intrants, services agricoles et de météorologie) de s’approprier de nouvelles connaissances et de nouveaux outils pour une meilleure prise en compte des risques climatiques dans la gestion des systèmes de production