Specifications for Multi-Brand Truck Platooning

ICWIM8, 8th International Conference on Weigh-In-Motion, PRAGUE, TCHÈQUE, RÉPUBLIQUE, 20-/05/2019 - 24/05/2019Platooning technology has made significant advances in the last decade, but to achieve the next step towards deployment of truck platooning, an integral multi-brand approach is required. It is the ambition of ENSEMBLE to realize pre-standards for interoperability between trucks, platoons and logistics solution providers, to speed up actual market pick-up of (sub)system development and implementation, and to enable harmonization of legal frameworks in the member states. This paper provides with definition of the specifications of the whole multi-brand truck platooning concept to be implemented within the testing and demonstration trucks of the 6 OEMs. It describes the functional architecture, captures all minimum set of operations layer requirements and tactical layer specifications for Platoon level A. The building blocks of truck platooning consist of in-vehicle requirements (Longitudinal, sensors, HMI interaction), infrastructure (V2I), information among trucks in platoon, and platooning strategy (coordination mode, gap regulation, formation, dissolution, and vehicle mix).La technologie de peloton a fait des progrès significatifs au cours de la dernière décennie, mais pour franchir la prochaine étape du déploiement de pelotons de camions, une approche multimarques intégrée est indispensable. Le projet ENSEMBLE a pour ambition de mettre en place des pré-normes en matière d'interopérabilité entre les camions, les pelotons et les fournisseurs de solutions logistiques, d'accélérer le développement et la mise en oeuvre de (sous-) systèmes sur le marché et de permettre l'harmonisation des cadres juridiques dans les États membres européens. Ce document fournit une définition des spécifications du concept de groupement de camions multimarques à mettre en oeuvre dans les camions de test et de démonstration des 6 constructeurs. Il décrit l'architecture fonctionnelle, capture l'ensemble des exigences minimales de la couche d'exploitation et des spécifications de la couche tactique pour le niveau A. Les éléments constitutifs du groupement de camions sont les exigences embarquées (longitudinal, capteurs, interaction IHM), infrastructure (V2I), informations entre camions du peloton et stratégie de peloton (mode de coordination, régulation des écarts, formation, dissolution et combinaison de véhicules)

Crystallographic Study of Mutant Lysl20Leu Xenopus laevis Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase

Theoretical calculations and experimental measurements on the Xenopus laevis Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (XSODB) wild-type protein and on some of its engineered mutants showed that the electrostatic arrangement around the active site channel plays a fundamental role in determining the catalytic properties of the en-zyme. Lysl20, which lies on the lip of the active site channel, about 11 Å from the catalytic copper ion, influences the enzyme electrostatic environment and binding selectivity. Neutralization of this residue has the effect of decreasing the activity of the enzyme versus the negatively charged substrate. In order to get precise information about the mutated residue and its effects on the structure of the engineered protein, the crystal structure of single site Lysl20Leu mutant XSODB was determined at 2.0 Å resolution, and refined to an R-factor value of 0.181. The structure of Lysl20Leu mutant XSODB is little affected by the amino-acid substitution, suggesting that the main effect of the mutation is perturbation of the electrostatic properties of the SOD catalytic center

Plasma Turbulence studied by means of Correlation-ECE in the TEM domain in TCV

Plasma Turbulence studied by means of Correlation-ECE in the TEM domain in TCV Electron temperature fluctuations in the TEM domain have been measured in TCV using the correlation-ECE diagnostics [1]. Significant broadband electron temperature fluctuations are found radially extending between 0.3<ρ<0.7 on the equatorial LFS. Their amplitude decreases with collisionality (with increasing density in OH discharges), in qualitative agreement with predictions from local, linear gyrokinetic GS2 calculations. Thus the mixing length heat diffusivity calculated from GS2 decreases with collisionality, as does the measured heat diffusivity from power balance [2]. This diagnostics allows now the study at the microscopic, turbulence level, of the previously found heat transport triangularity scaling [3], linked to changes of the resonance of TE with the TEM [4]. The decrease of transport when going from positive to negative triangularity found in TCV L-mode can now be investigated and compared to gyrokinetic predictions of instabilities or turbulence (linear/non-linear, local/global). TEM features, like the orientation of the potential cells, predicted to change with plasma shape, up/down-asymmetries, can now be measured through the correlation lengths along a horizontal line of sight, or obliquely, using a mobile mirror arrangement (ECRH launcher in reception mode). [1] V.S. Udintsev et al., Fusion Science and Technology 52 (2007) 161. [2] V.S. Udintsev, E. Fable et al., in preparation. [3] Y. Camenen et al. Nucl., Fusion 47 (2007) 510. [4] A. Marinoni et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51 (2009) 055016. 1 present address ITER-IO, Cadarache, St Paul-lez-Durance, F 2 present address CFSA, Dept of Physics, University of Warwick, UK This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation

Transport and turbulence reduction with negative triangularity : Correlation ECE measurements in TCV

Turbulence and Transport Reduction with Negative Triangularity : Correlation ECE Measurements in TCV Due to turbulence, core energy transport in fusion devices such as tokamaks generally exceeds collisional transport by at least an order of magnitude. It is therefore crucial to understand the instabilities driving the turbulent state and to find ways to control them. Plasma shape is one of these fundamental tools. In low collisionality plasmas, such as in a reactor, changing the plasma shape from Dee-shape to inverse Dee-shape (from positive to negative triangularity δ) reduces the energy transport by a factor two: the heat flux necessary to sustain the same profiles and stored energy in a discharge with δ=-0.4 is only half of that at δ=+0.4. This is significant, since it opens the possibility of having Hmode-like confinement time within an L-mode edge; or at least with smaller ELMs. Recent correlation ECE measurements show that this reduction of transport at negative δ is reflected in a reduction by a factor of two of both 1) the amplitude of temperature fluctuations in the broadband frequency range 30-150 kHz, and 2) the fluctuation correlation length, measured at mid-radius (ρv~0.6). In addition, the fluctuations amplitude is reduced with increasing collisionality, consistent with theoretical estimates of the collisionality effect on Trapped Electron Modes (TEM). The correlation ECE results are compared to gyrokinetic code results: 1) global linear gyrokinetic simulations (LORB) have predicted shorter radial TEM wavelength λ⊥ for negative triangularity plasmas, consistent with the shorter radial turbulence correlation length λc observed. 2) At least close to the strongly shaped plasma boundary, local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations with the GS2 code predict that the TEM induced transport decreases with decreasing triangularity and increasing collisionality, in fair agreement with the experimental observations. 3) Calculations are now extended to global nonlinear simulations (ORB5). This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundatio

Accounting for pandemics and economic crises management: moral hazard, blockchain and smart-contracts

During economic crises, sovereign states and central banks support the general economy and firms with a range of emergency measures, such as the allocation of subsidies to enterprises and citizens. The sudden availability of money without the need for any consideration by the recipient leads the way to inappropriate conduct known as moral hazards, such as diversion or improper use of the financial resources received. The moral hazard arises from the individual tendency to rational behavior when in the presence of information asymmetry, inadequate controls, or favorable contractual positions. To reduce moral hazard, and to preserve the intentionality of the states, information asymmetry must be reduced. Avoiding moral hazard is particularly important in cases such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but also during economic crises and other emergency situations. This paper conceptualizes a relevant topic for the economy and accounting fields of study because information tends to be naturally asymmetrical. Traditional accounting is limited by the fact that some accounting practices or techniques can be used to reduce the effect of the pandemics on the economic performance of organizations. In our study we propose a way to reduce the natural subjectivity in accounting and reporting, using blockchain and smart contracts technologies, as a solution to information asymmetry during crises (such as economic ones or pandemics

Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of the Flavoenzyme Vanillyl-Alcohol Oxidase From Penicillium simplicissimum

Vanillyl-alcohol oxidase catalyses the oxidation of several 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohols by using 8-α-(N3-histidyl)-FAD as a covalently bound prosthetic group. Crystals of vanillyl-alcohol oxidase from Penicillium simplicissimum have been grown by using the vapor diffusion technique. The space group was found to be I4, with cell dimensions a = b = 140.5 Å, c = 132.9 Å. Diffraction data have been recorded to 3.2 Å resolution by using a laboratory source and to 2.5 Å resolution on flash freezing the crystal at the ELETTRA Synchrotron X-ray diffraction beam line.