74 research outputs found
Phospholipase activity of yeasts from wild birds and possible implications for human disease
Over the last decades, reports on yeast infections in humans have increased
especially with respect to immunocompromised individuals. Phospholipases
are enzymes which may be associated with pathogenic processes caused by
opportunistic yeasts. Phospholipase activity (ph.a.) was investigated in 163
isolates of 13 species of yeasts. A total of 133 isolates were obtained through
the screening of a total of 768 cloacae of wild birds (Group I: 182 birds of
prey; Group II: 165 passeriformes and Group III: 421 other wild migratory
birds), while 30 isolates were recovered from the droppings of birds housed in 32
distinct aviaries (Group IV). Phospholipase production was evaluated and
quantified at 2 and 5 day pre-incubation (Pr.t) and incubation times (I.t).
Isolates from cloacae (48.1%) and excreta (73.3%) produced ph.a. with the
highest values registered after 5 days of I.t. Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C.
glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. pelliculosa, Cryptococcus albidus, C. laurentii, Trichosporon
beigelii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae displayed the highest ph.a. after
2 days of Pr.t while Candida famata, C. guilliermondii and Cryptococcus
neoformans after 5 days of Pr.t. Ph.a. was never found in Rhodotorula rubra
isolates recovered from the cloacae of wild birds. Isolates (73.3%) from bird
droppings showed a higher ph.a. than those from cloacae thus indicating that
wild birds not only act as carriers but may also spread phospholipase-producing
yeasts in the environment
Low prevalence of HNF1A mutations after molecular screening of multiple MODY genes in 58 Italian families recruited in the pediatric or adult diabetes clinic from a single Italian hospital
Corrigendum: The silent epidemic of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in italy during the covid-19 pandemic in 2020(Front. Endocrinol., (2022), 13, (878634), 10.3389/fendo.2022.878634)
[This corrects the article .]
A Multicenter Retrospective Survey regarding Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management in Italian Children with Type 1 Diabetes
We conducted a retrospective survey in pediatric centers belonging to the Italian Society for Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology. The following data were collected for all new-onset diabetes patients aged 0-18 years: DKA (pH < 7.30), severe DKA (pH < 7.1), DKA in preschool children, DKA treatment according to ISPAD protocol, type of rehydrating solution used, bicarbonates use, and amount of insulin infused. Records (n = 2453) of children with newly diagnosed diabetes were collected from 68/77 centers (87%), 39 of which are tertiary referral centers, the majority of whom (n = 1536, 89.4%) were diagnosed in the tertiary referral centers. DKA was observed in 38.5% and severe DKA in 10.3%. Considering preschool children, DKA was observed in 72%, and severe DKA in 16.7%. Cerebral edema following DKA treatment was observed in 5 (0.5%). DKA treatment according to ISPAD guidelines was adopted in 68% of the centers. In the first 2 hours, rehydration was started with normal saline in all centers, but with different amount. Bicarbonate was quite never been used. Insulin was infused starting from third hour at the rate of 0.05-0.1 U/kg/h in 72% of centers. Despite prevention campaign, DKA is still observed in Italian children at onset, with significant variability in DKA treatment, underlying the need to share guidelines among centers
Lactonization and Protonation of Gluconic Acid: A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study by Potentiometry, NMR and ESI-MS
Highly Efficient and Tailorable On-Chip Metal–Insulator–Metal Plasmonic Nanofocusing Cavity
PLANE-WAVE SCATTERING FROM CYLINDERS WITH TRANSVERSE CORRUGATIONS
The scattering of plane electromagnetic waves from circular-cross-section cylinders with transverse periodic corrugations is analysed. The incident wave is arbitrarily polarised and impinges on the cylinder at oblique incidence. The anisotropic properties of the cylinder surface are emphasised in the numerical results
Enzymatic activity of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes from breeding rabbits with and without skin lesions
Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are zoophilic dermatophytes which can cause skin infections in animals and humans. The clinical expression of this infection strongly varies depending on host, fungal species as well as enzyme production. No comparative studies are available on the enzymatic activities of M. canis and T. mentagrophytes isolated from breeding rabbits. Thus, the aim of this work was to assess the capability of M. canis and T. mentagrophytes isolated from rabbits both with and without lesions in producing different enzymes. The relationship of dermatophyte enzymatic activities and presence/absence of skin lesions has also been investigated. A total of 260 isolates of T. mentagrophytes and 25 isolates of M. canis sampled both from healthy and lesioned skin of rabbits, as well as from air samples of positive farms were examined. The results showed that T. mentagrophytes and M. canis from rabbits produce different enzymes. However, only elastase and gelatinase were linked to the appearance of lesions in T. mentagrophytes infections, whereas lipase in those by M. canis
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