Initial effect of high-volume mobilisation with movement on shoulder range of motion and pain in patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (Evolution Trial)

Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Introduction Mobilisation with movement (MWM) is commonly used for treating patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). However, the evidence supporting MWM efficacy for improving shoulder range of motion (ROM) and pain in patients with RCRSP is limited. It is also unclear whether higher volume MWM leads to better clinical outcomes compared with lower volume MWM in patients with RCRSP. The primary aim of this study is to assess the effect of MWM on the angular onset of pain during shoulder abduction in patients with RCRSP. Methods and analysis Sixty participants with RCRSP will be randomised to receive either MWM or sham MWM intervention. The primary outcome is the angular onset of pain during shoulder abduction, and secondary outcomes are pain intensity at the angular onset of pain during shoulder abduction, maximum shoulder ROM, pain intensity during maximum shoulder abduction, pressure pain threshold, mechanical temporal summation, global rating of change scale (GROC) and Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF). The angular onset of pain and the pain intensity at that range will be assessed at baseline, after 1 set and 3 sets of 10 repetitions of MWM or sham MWM. The GROC will be measured immediately after receiving 3 sets of interventions and on day 3 after interventions. The BPI-SF will be measured on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after interventions. Other secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after 3 sets of interventions. A linear mixed effects model with a random intercept will be used to compare changes in the outcome measures between MWM and sham MWM interventions. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the University of Otago Ethics Committee (Ref. H21/117). Findings from this study will be disseminated through presentations at international and national conferences and will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number ACTRN 12621001723875.This project is partially supported by the School of Physiotherapy Fund (N/A), the Dunedin School of Medicine Research Student Support Committee of University of Otago (GL.10.NB.M01) and New Zealand Manipulative Physiotherapists Association Educational Trust Fund (N/A). Part of this work was conducted during the Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship (18/111). SW was supported by the University of Otago Doctoral Scholarship (N/A)

Football fans in training: the development and optimization of an intervention delivered through professional sports clubs to help men lose weight, become more active and adopt healthier eating habits

<p>Background: The prevalence of obesity in men is rising, but they are less likely than women to engage in existing weight management programmes. The potential of professional sports club settings to engage men in health promotion activities is being increasingly recognised. This paper describes the development and optimization of the Football Fans in Training (FFIT) programme, which aims to help overweight men (many of them football supporters) lose weight through becoming more active and adopting healthier eating habits.</p> <p>Methods: The MRC Framework for the design and evaluation of complex interventions was used to guide programme development in two phases. In Phase 1, a multidisciplinary working group developed the pilot programme (p-FFIT) and used a scoping review to summarize previous research and identify the target population. Phase 2 involved a process evaluation of p-FFIT in 11 Scottish Premier League (SPL) clubs. Participant and coach feedback, focus group discussions and interviews explored the utility/acceptability of programme components and suggestions for changes. Programme session observations identified examples of good practice and problems/issues with delivery. Together, these findings informed redevelopment of the optimized programme (FFIT), whose components were mapped onto specific behaviour change techniques using an evidence-based taxonomy.</p> <p>Results: p-FFIT comprised 12, weekly, gender-sensitised, group-based weight management classroom and ‘pitch-side’ physical activity sessions. These in-stadia sessions were complemented by an incremental, pedometer-based walking programme. p-FFIT was targeted at men aged 35-65 years with body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2. Phase 2 demonstrated that participants in p-FFIT were enthusiastic about both the classroom and physical activity components, and valued the camaraderie and peer-support offered by the programme. Coaches appreciated the simplicity of the key healthy eating and physical activity messages. Suggestions for improvements that were incorporated into the optimized FFIT programme included: more varied in-stadia physical activity with football-related components; post-programme weight management support (emails and a reunion session); and additional training for coaches in SMART goal setting and the pedometer-based walking programme.</p> <p>Conclusions: The Football Fans in Training programme is highly acceptable to participants and SPL coaches, and is appropriate for evaluation in a randomised controlled trial.</p&gt

Dosage of joint mobilisation for the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: protocol for a scoping review

Supplementary Data: This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content. It is available online at: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/highwire/filestream/251724/field_highwire_adjunct_files/0/bmjopen-2021-056771supp001_data_supplement.pdf .Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Introduction Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain is the most common diagnosis of shoulder pain, which ranks as the third most common musculoskeletal disorder. The first-line treatment for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain is physiotherapy, and joint mobilisation is widely used in conjunction with other modalities. The type and dosage of joint mobilisations could influence treatment outcomes for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain, although research evidence is inconclusive. Objectives To (1) systematically search, identify and map the reported type and dosage of joint mobilisations used in previous studies for the management of patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain; and (2) summarise the rationale for adopting a specific joint mobilisation dosage. Methods and analysis We will follow the methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and report the results as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Two authors will independently screen and extract data from the six databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus, with publication date from their inceptions to 25 August 2021. A third author will be consulted if the two authors disagree about the inclusion of any study in the review. We will summarise the results using descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this protocol. Mapping and summarising the reported type and dosage of joint mobilisations for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain from previous studies will provide a foundation for further optimal selection of type and dosage of joint mobilisations for treating patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain. The review is part of an ongoing research that focuses on joint mobilisation for patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain. The results will be disseminated through presentations at academic conferences and a peer-reviewed publication.Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship (18/111) awarded to DCR. SW was supported by the University of Otago Doctoral Scholarship. CC and DCR are supported by the Stanley Paris Research Fellowship

The relationship between smoking and quality of life in advanced lung cancer patients: a prospective longitudinal study.

PURPOSE: Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, and continued smoking may compromise treatment efficacy and quality of life (health-related quality of life (HRQoL)) in patients with advanced lung cancer. Our aims were to determine (i) preference for treatments which promote quality over length of life depending on smoking status, (ii) the relationship between HRQoL and smoking status at diagnosis (T1), after controlling for demographic and clinical variables, and (iii) changes in HRQoL 6 months after diagnosis (T2) depending on smoking status. METHODS: Two hundred ninety-six patients with advanced lung cancer were given questionnaires to assess HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30), time-trade-off for life quality versus quantity (QQQ) and smoking history (current, former or never smoker) at diagnosis (T1) and 6 months later (T2). Medical data were extracted from case records. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned by 202 (68.2 %) patients at T1 and 114 (53.3 %) at T2. Patients favoured treatments that would enhance quality of life over increased longevity. Those who continued smoking after diagnosis reported worse HRQoL than former smokers or those who never smoked. Smoking status was a significant independent predictor of coughing in T1 (worse in smokers) and cognitive functioning in T2 (better in never smokers). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking by patients with advanced lung cancer is associated with worse symptoms on diagnosis and poorer HRQoL for those who continue smoking. The results have implications to help staff explain the consequences of smoking to patients

Test-retest reliability of movement-evoked pain and sensitivity to movement-evoked pain in patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain

Supplementary materials are available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413355523000564?via%3Dihub#sec0021 .Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Background: The number of researchers and clinicians using movement-evoked pain and sensitivity to movement-evoked pain to assess shoulder pain has increased. However, the intrarater test-retest reliability of movement-evoked pain and sensitivity to movement-evoked pain in people with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is still unknown. Objective: We examined the intrarater test-retest reliability of movement-evoked pain and sensitivity to movement-evoked pain in participants with RCRSP. Methods: Seventy-four participants with RCRSP performed five trials of active shoulder abduction to elicit pain under two experimental conditions: active shoulder abduction to the onset of pain and maximum range of motion (ROM). The primary outcome measures were pain intensity and ROM. Test-retest reliability of movement-evoked pain and sensitivity to movement-evoked pain was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) and minimal detectable change (MDC90). Results: The reliability of movement-evoked pain under both experimental conditions was good to excellent (ICC: 0.81 to 0.95), while the reliability of sensitivity to movement-evoked pain was poor in both conditions (ICC≤0.45). The MDC90 for pain intensity was 1.6 and 1.8 during shoulder abduction to the onset of pain and maximum ROM, respectively. The MDC90 for ROM was 17.5° and 11.2° during shoulder abduction to the onset of pain and maximum ROM condition, respectively. Conclusion: This study confirms movement-evoked pain testing during active shoulder abduction to the onset of pain or maximum ROM condition is reliable to assess pain associated with movement in patients with RCRSP. The minimal detectable change score of movement-evoked pain can guide clinicians and researchers on how to interpret changes in these outcomes.This project was partially supported by the School of Physiotherapy Fund (N/A), the Dunedin School of Medicine Research Student Support Committee of University of Otago (GL.10.NB.M01), and New Zealand Manipulative Physiotherapists Association Educational Trust Fund (N/A)

The immediate effects of mobilization with movement on shoulder range of motion and pain in patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: A randomized controlled trial (Evolution Trial)

Supplementary materials are available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413355524005550?via%3Dihub#sec0018 .Background: Mobilization with movement (MWM) is commonly used to treat patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). However, the evidence supporting MWM efficacy for improving range of motion (ROM) and pain in patients with RCRSP is limited. Objectives: To assess the immediate effects of MWM on the angular onset of pain in patients with RCRSP. Methods: Sixty-three participants with RCRSP were randomized to receive 3 sets of 10 repetitions of MWM or sham MWM with a minute rest between each set. The angular onset of pain (primary outcome), and pain intensity at rest and during shoulder abduction to the onset of pain were measured at baseline, and after receiving the 1st and 3rd sets of 10 repetitions of interventions. Other secondary outcomes were measured at baseline and after receiving 3 sets of 10 repetitions of interventions or 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after interventions. Results: Compared with the sham MWM group, the MWM group had an additional improvement of 6.5° (95% CI -0.9, 13.9) and 13.7° (95% CI 6.3, 21.1) (from baseline) after receiving the 1st and 3rd sets of 10 repetitions of interventions, respectively. Conclusion: MWM improves the angular onset of pain after 3 sets of 10 repetitions of MWM in patients with RCRSP. This study provides preliminary support for the use of MWM in treating patients with RCRSP and provides some guidance for clinicians to decide the MWM dosage to be used in clinical practice.This project is partially supported by the School of Physiotherapy Fund (N/A), the Dunedin School of Medicine Research Student Support Committee of University of Otago (NZ) (GL.10.NB.M01), and New Zealand Manipulative Physiotherapists Association Educational Trust Fund (N/A). Part of this work was conducted during the Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship, Health Research Council of New Zealand (18/111). SW was supported by the University of Otago (NZ) Doctoral Scholarship (N/A)

Convergence in international business ethics? A comparative study of ethical philosophies, thinking style, and ethical decision-making between US and Korean managers

This study investigates the relationship among ethical philosophy, thinking style, and managerial ethical decision-making. Based on the premise that business ethics is a function of culture and time, we attempt to explore two important questions as to whether the national differences in managerial ethical philosophies remain over time and whether the relationship between thinking style and ethical decision-making is consistent across different national contexts. We conducted a survey on Korean managers’ ethical decision-making and thinking style and made a cross-cultural, cross-temporal comparison with the results presented by previous studies that surveyed Korean and US managers with the same questionnaire at different points in time. Our analysis revealed that Korean managers have become more reliant on rule utilitarianism for ethical decision-making over the last two decades, which is dominantly used by US managers, corroborating our convergence hypothesis built on social contracts theory. However, as opposed to previous research, we found that managers with a balanced linear and nonlinear thinking style do not necessarily make more ethical decisions compared to those with a predominantly linear or nonlinear thinking style. This study contributes to international business ethics literature by presenting a theoretical framework that may explain the convergence of ethical philosophies employed by managers in different national contexts over time, and that the relationship between thinking style and managerial ethical decision-making may not be universal, but contingent on contextual factors

Reliability and validity of the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form in individuals with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain

Data availability statement: Data are available if requested.Purpose: To investigate the test–retest reliability and construct validity of the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) in individuals with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). Methods: Sixty-one participants with RCRSP completed the BPI-SF twice with an interval of two to seven days and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) at the initial visit. The BPI-SF pain severity subscale, pain interference subscale, and stand-alone pain severity items were analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence interval (MDC95). The construct validity of BPI-SF was assessed against SPADI using Pearson’s correlation. Results: The BPI-SF pain severity and pain interference subscales presented moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.73, 0.53) and MDC95 were 2.05 and 2.36. All stand-alone BPI-SF pain severity items presented a moderate reliability (ICC = 0.62, 0.70). BPI-SF interference items presented poor to moderate reliability (ICC = 0.39, 0.68). The correlation coefficients between the BPI-SF and SPADI subscales or total scores were large (r = 0.61, 0.75). Conclusions: BPI-SF pain severity and pain interference subscales have a moderate reliability in individuals with RCRSP. BPI-SF pain severity and interference subscales showed high construct validity in individuals with RCRSP. MDC95 values are useful metrics for interpreting a true change in BPI-SF scores following interventions in individuals with RCRSP. Implications for rehabilitation: Our findings support the use of the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) pain severity and interference subscales in patients with rotator-cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP). Our findings support the use of the stand-alone pain severity item (i.e., “worst pain”) in individuals with RCRSP. The BPI-SF has good construct validity in individuals with RCRSP.This project was partially supported by the School of Physiotherapy Fund (N/A), the Dunedin School of Medicine Research Student Support Committee of University of Otago (GL.10.NB.M01), and New Zealand Manipulative Physiotherapists Association Educational Trust Fund (N/A). Part of this work was conducted during the Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship (18/111). SW was supported by the University of Otago Doctoral Scholarship

A study to explore if dentists’ anxiety affects their clinical decision-making

Aims To develop a measure of dentists’ anxiety in clinical situations; to establish if dentists’ anxiety in clinical situations affected their self-reported clinical decision-making; to establish if occupational stress, as demonstrated by burnout, is associated with anxiety in clinical situations and clinical decision-making; and to explore the relationship between decision-making style and the clinical decisions which are influenced by anxiety. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Primary Dental Care. Subjects and methods A questionnaire battery [Maslach Burnout Inventory, measuring burnout; Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, measuring decision-making style; Dealing with Uncertainty Questionnaire (DUQ), measuring coping with diagnostic uncertainty; and a newly designed Dentists’ Anxieties in Clinical Situations Scale, measuring dentists’ anxiety (DACSS-R) and change of treatment (DACSS-C)] was distributed to dentists practicing in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire. Demographic data were collected and dentists gave examples of anxiety-provoking situations and their responses to them. Main outcome measure Respondents’ self-reported anxiety in various clinical situations on a 11-point Likert Scale (DACSS-R) and self-reported changes in clinical procedures (Yes/No; DACSS-C). The DACSS was validated using multiple t-tests and a principal component analysis. Differences in DACSS-R ratings and burnout, decision-making and dealing with uncertainty were explored using Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data was subject to a thematic analysis. Results The DACSS-R revealed a four-factor structure and had high internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.94). Those with higher DACSS-R scores of anxiety were more likely to report changes in clinical procedures (DACSS-C scores). DACSS-R scores were associated with decision-making self-esteem and style as measured by the MDMQ and all burnout subscales, though not with scores on the DUQ scale. Conclusion Dentists’ anxiety in clinical situations does affect the way that dentists work clinically, as assessed using the newly designed and validated DACSS. This anxiety is associated with measures of burnout and decision-making style with implications for training packages for dentists

The Role of Tourism and Recreation in the Spread of Non-Native Species: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Managing the pathways by which non-native species are introduced and spread is considered the most effective way of preventing species invasions. Tourism and outdoor recreation involve the frequent congregation of people, vehicles and vessels from geographically diverse areas. They are therefore perceived to be major pathways for the movement of non-native species, and ones that will become increasingly important with the continued growth of these sectors. However, a global assessment of the relationship between tourism activities and the introduction of non-native species–particularly in freshwater and marine environments–is lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of tourism and outdoor recreation on non-native species in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments. Our results provide quantitative evidence that the abundance and richness of non-native species are significantly higher in sites where tourist activities take place than in control sites. The pattern was consistent across terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments; across a variety of vectors (e.g. horses, hikers, yachts); and across a range of taxonomic groups. These results highlight the need for widespread biosecurity interventions to prevent the inadvertent introduction of invasive non-native species (INNS) as the tourism and outdoor recreation sectors grow