902 research outputs found
Enhanced Dimer Relaxation in an Atomic/Molecular BEC
We derive a universal formula for the rate constant \beta for relaxation of a
shallow dimer into deeply-bound diatomic molecules in the case of atoms with a
large scattering length a. We show that \beta is determined by a and by two
3-body parameters that also determine the binding energies and widths of Efimov
states. The rate constant \beta scales like \hbar a/m near the resonance, but
the coefficient is a periodic function of ln(a) that may have resonant
enhancement at values of a that differ by multiples of 22.7.Comment: 5 pages, revtex4, 2 PS figures, title changed, final versio
Time-evolution of the Rule 150 cellular automaton activity from a Fibonacci iteration
The total activity of the single-seeded cellular rule 150 automaton does not
follow a one-step iteration like other elementary cellular automata, but can be
solved as a two-step vectorial, or string, iteration, which can be viewed as a
generalization of Fibonacci iteration generating the time series from a
sequence of vectors of increasing length. This allows to compute the total
activity time series more efficiently than by simulating the whole
spatio-temporal process, or even by using the closed expression.Comment: 4 pages (3 figs included
Coevolutionary Dynamics: From Finite to Infinite Populations
Traditionally, frequency dependent evolutionary dynamics is described by
deterministic replicator dynamics assuming implicitly infinite population
sizes. Only recently have stochastic processes been introduced to study
evolutionary dynamics in finite populations. However, the relationship between
deterministic and stochastic approaches remained unclear. Here we solve this
problem by explicitly considering large populations. In particular, we identify
different microscopic stochastic processes that lead to the standard or the
adjusted replicator dynamics. Moreover, differences on the individual level can
lead to qualitatively different dynamics in asymmetric conflicts and, depending
on the population size, can even invert the direction of the evolutionary
process.Comment: 4 pages (2 figs included). Published in Phys. Rev. Lett., December
200
Spectral characteristics of water megamaser galaxies II: ESO 103-G035, TXS 2226-184, and IC 1481
Long-slit optical emission-line spectra of the H2O megamaser galaxies ESO
103-G03, TXS 2226-184, and IC 1481 are evaluated in order to look for
characteristics typical for water-megamaser galaxies. We present rotation
curves, line ratios, electron densities, temperatures, and Hbeta luminosities.
The successful line-profile decompositions rest on d-Lorentzians with an
additional parameter d to adjust the wings, rather than Gaussians or
Lorentzians as basic functions. No significant velocity gradient is found along
the major axis in the innermost 2 kpc of TXS 2226-184. IC 1481 reveals a
spectrum suggestive of a vigorous starburst in the central kiloparsec 10^8
years ago. None of the three galaxies shows any hints for outflows nor special
features which could give clues to the presence of H2O megamaser emission. The
galaxies are of normal Seyfert-2 (ESO 103-G035) or LINER (TXS 2226-184, IC
1481) type.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, corrected
typo
Critical number of atoms in an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate on an optical plus harmonic traps
The stability of an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate on a joint
one-dimensional optical lattice and an axially-symmetric harmonic trap is
studied using the numerical solution of the time-dependent mean-field
Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the critical number of atoms for a stable
condensate is calculated. We also calculate this critical number of atoms in a
double-well potential which is always greater than that in an axially-symmetric
harmonic trap. The critical number of atoms in an optical trap can be made
smaller or larger than the corresponding number in the absence of the optical
trap by moving a node of the optical lattice potential along the axial
direction of the harmonic trap. This variation of the critical number of atoms
can be observed experimentally and compared with the present calculation.Comment: Latex with 7 eps figures, Accepted in Journal of Physics
The origin of human chromosome 2 analyzed by comparative chromosome mapping with a DNA microlibrary
Fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) of microlibraries established from distinct chromosome subregions can test the evolutionary conservation of chromosome bands as well as chromosomal rearrangements that occurred during primate evolution and will help to clarify phylogenetic relationships. We used a DNA library established by microdissection and microcloning from the entire long arm of human chromosome 2 for fluorescencein situ hybridization and comparative mapping of the chromosomes of human, great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmaeus) and Old World monkeys (Macaca fuscata andCercopithecus aethiops). Inversions were found in the pericentric region of the primate chromosome 2p homologs in great apes, and the hybridization pattern demonstrates the known phylogenetically derived telomere fusion in the line that leads to human chromosome 2. The hybridization of the 2q microlibrary to chromosomes of Old World monkeys gave a different pattern from that in the gorilla and the orang-utan, but a pattern similar to that of chimpanzees. This suggests convergence of chromosomal rearrangements in different phylogenetic lines
Observational Evidence for Massive Black Holes in the Centers of Active Galaxies
Naturally occurring water vapor maser emission at 1.35 cm wavelength provides
an accurate probe for the study of accretion disks around highly compact
objects, thought to be black holes, in the centers of active galaxies. Because
of the exceptionally fine angular resolution, 200 microarcseconds, obtainable
with very long baseline interferometry, accompanied by high spectral
resolution, < 0.1 km/s, the dynamics and structures of these disks can be
probed with exceptional clarity. The data on the galaxy NGC4258 are discussed
here in detail. The mass of the black hole binding the accretion disk is 3.9
times 10^7 solar masses. Although the accretion disk has a rotational period of
about 800 years, the physical motions of the masers have been directly measured
with VLBI over a period of a few years. These measurements also allow the
distance from the earth to the black hole to be estimated to an accuracy of 4
percent. The status of the search for other maser/black hole candidates is also
discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures, latex, uses aaspp4 style file. To be published
in the Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (India), proceedings of the
Discussion Meeting on the Physics of Black Holes, Bangalore, India: December
199
Early Universe Quantum Processes in BEC Collapse Experiments
We show that in the collapse of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) {For an
excellent introduction to BEC theory, see C. Pethick and H. Smith,
Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, England, 2002)} certain processes involved and mechanisms at work
share a common origin with corresponding quantum field processes in the early
universe such as particle creation, structure formation and spinodal
instability. Phenomena associated with the controlled BEC collapse observed in
the experiment of Donley et al E. Donley et. al., Nature 412, 295 (2001)(they
call it `Bose-Nova', see also J. Chin, J. Vogels and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 90, 160405 (2003)) such as the appearance of bursts and jets can be
explained as a consequence of the squeezing and amplification of quantum
fluctuations above the condensate by the dynamics of the condensate. Using the
physical insight gained in depicting these cosmological processes, our analysis
of the changing amplitude and particle contents of quantum excitations in these
BEC dynamics provides excellent quantitative fits with the experimental data on
the scaling behavior of the collapse time and the amount of particles emitted
in the jets. Because of the coherence properties of BEC and the high degree of
control and measurement precision in atomic and optical systems, we see great
potential in the design of tabletop experiments for testing out general ideas
and specific (quantum field) processes in the early universe, thus opening up
the possibility for implementing `laboratory cosmology'.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Invited Talk presented at the Peyresq Meetings of
Gravitation and Cosmology, 200
Bose-Einstein condensate collapse: a comparison between theory and experiment
We solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation numerically for the collapse induced
by a switch from positive to negative scattering lengths. We compare our
results with experiments performed at JILA with Bose-Einstein condensates of
Rb-85, in which the scattering length was controlled using a Feshbach
resonance. Building on previous theoretical work we identify quantitative
differences between the predictions of mean-field theory and the results of the
experiments. Besides the previously reported difference between the predicted
and observed critical atom number for collapse, we also find that the predicted
collapse times systematically exceed those observed experimentally. Quantum
field effects, such as fragmentation, that might account for these
discrepancies are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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