PROJETO DE COLETA DE AMOSTRA DE CONDENADOS: Incremento do Auxílio a Investigações e a Justiça

RESUMO A legislação brasileira determina que os indivíduos devem ser obrigatoriamente incluídos nos Bancos de Perfis Genéticos nos casos de condenações por crimes hediondos ou de violência de natureza grave contra a pessoa. Em 2017, pouco mais de 2.000 indivíduos tiveram seus perfis genéticos inseridos nos bancos de dados de DNA. No entanto, estima-se que 137.600 indivíduos sejam identificados por perfis genéticos. No início de 2018, o Projeto de Coleta de Amostra de Condenados foi iniciado. O objetivo foi o cumprimento legal, atingir o objetivo estratégico de inserir perfis de condenados em bancos de dados de DNA em 50% (N = 68.670) e promover a integração entre os Laboratórios Forenses de DNA do Brasil. Houve um crescimento de mais de 2621% no perfil genético de criminosos condenados no RIBPG (2.008 em 29 de novembro de 2017, comparado a 54.657 em 29 de novembro de 2019). Esse crescimento expressivo também resultou em um aumento notável no número de coincidências e investigações auxiliadas pelo uso de bancos de dados de perfis genéticos. Cita-se, por exemplo, a resolução do crime sexual e assassinato da garota Rachel Genofre, onze anos após a ocorrência do delito. Palavra-chave: RIBPG, Banco Nacional de Perfil Genético, condenado, perfil genético, DNA, perícia criminal   ABSTRACT  Brazilian legislation determines that individuals must obligatorily be included in DNA databases in cases of convictions for heinous or wilful violent crimes. In 2017, just over 2,000 individuals had their genetic profiles inserted into DNA databases. However, it is estimated that 137,600 individuals should be identified by genetic profiles. In early 2018, the Convict Genetic Profile Identification Project was started. It aimed to obey the law, to reach the strategic goal of insert convicts' profiles in DNA databases to 50% (N = 68,670) and to promote the integration between Brazilian Forensic DNA Laboratories. There has been a growth of over 2621% in convicted offender genetic profile in RIBPG (2,008 on November 29, 2017, compared to 54,657 on November 29, 2019). This expressive growth has also resulted in a notable increase in the number of coincidences and investigations aided through the use of Genetic Profile Databases. For example, the resolution of the sexual crime and murder of the girl Rachel Genofre is cited, eleven years after the crime occurred.       Keywords: RIBPG, Brazilian National DNA Database, convicted offender, genetic profile, DNA, criminal expertis

Participação comunitária em um programa de intervenção em área de proteção ambiental Community participation in an intervention program developed in a protected area

Este artigo discute os conceitos de participação e empowerment em Promoção da Saúde e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, considerando as agendas de implementação local, Municípios/Cidades Saudáveis e Agenda 21, e a importância dos processos de avaliação nesse contexto, por meio da análise de uma intervenção em área de mananciais - o Programa Bairro Ecológico (PBE), desenvolvido em 51 bairros do município de São Bernardo do Campo, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os processos de participação e empowerment da comunidade, a partir das ações desencadeadas pelo PBE. Foram aplicados questionários e realizados grupos focais com moradores de bairros que sofreram a intervenção. Também foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com gestores do programa e do poder judiciário. Os resultados indicaram que a participação na implementação do PBE favoreceu o empowerment individual e grupal, presente nas duas comunidades estudadas. As comunidades tornaram-se mais organizadas. Há indícios de que os processos de tomada de decisões são centralizados. Apesar disso, as comunidades entendem que sua participação no programa lhes traz muitas coisas boas. Houve um processo participativo no desenvolvimento do programa, ainda que alguns relatos apontem para o caráter obrigatório da participação. Deve-se destacar o impacto do envolvimento e fortalecimento das lideranças na implementação e sustentabilidade do programa. No que diz respeito a esta última, verificou-se que a sensibilização ambiental tem sido fator determinante para a execução e manutenção das ações ao longo do tempo.<br>This article discusses the concepts of participation and empowerment in Health Promotion and Sustainable Development, considering the local implementation agendas:/ Healthy Cities and Agenda 21, and taking into account the importance of evaluation in this context. This was achieved through the analysis of an intervention in an area of water springs - Programa Bairro Ecológico (PBE - Ecological/ Neighborhood Program) -, which/ was developed in 51 neighborhoods of/ the city of São Bernardo do Campo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study aimed to evaluate the processes of community/ participation and empowerment through the actions triggered by the PBE. Questionnaires were administered to and/ focal groups were conducted with residents of neighborhoods where the intervention took place./ Individual interviews were performed with managers of the program and/ of the Judiciary. Results indicated that participation/ in the implementation of/ PBE favored the individual and group empowerment, present in both the studied communities. The communities became more organized. There is evidence that the decision-making processes are centralized. Nevertheless, the communities feel that their participation in the program brings them many good things. There was a participatory process in the development of the program, although some accounts point to mandatory participation. It is important to highlight the impact of leadership involvement and strengthening in the implementation and sustainability of the program. Regarding the latter, it was found that environmental awareness has been a determining factor for the implementation and maintenance of actions over time

Clinical, neuroimaging and cytogenetic findings in 20 patients with corpus callosum dysgenesis Achados clínicos, citogenéticos e de neuroimagem em 20 pacientes com disgenesia do corpo caloso

Twenty children with corpus callosum agenesis or hypoplasia were evaluated under a standardized investigation protocol. Psychomotor retardation, seizures, and craniofacial anomalies were the most prominent findings. There were three cases of chromosomal anomalies, all of them representing trisomy of chromosome 8.<br>Vinte pacientes com disgenesia do corpo caloso foram avaliados através de um protocolo padronizado. Retardo neuropsicomotor, convulsões e dismorfias faciais foram os achados mais proeminentes. Três casos de anomalia cromossômica foram observados, todos representados por trissomia do cromossomo 8

Host dispersal shapes the population structure of a tick‐borne bacterial pathogen

Abstract Birds are hosts for several zoonotic pathogens. Because of their high mobility, especially of longdistance migrants, birds can disperse these pathogens, affecting their distribution and phylogeography. We focused on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which includes the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, as an example for tick‐borne pathogens, to address the role of birds as propagation hosts of zoonotic agents at a large geographical scale. We collected ticks from passerine birds in 11 European countries. B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence in Ixodes spp. was 37% and increased with latitude. The fieldfare Turdus pilaris and the blackbird T. merula carried ticks with the highest Borrelia prevalence (92 and 58%, respectively), whereas robin Erithacus rubecula ticks were the least infected (3.8%). Borrelia garinii was the most prevalent genospecies (61%), followed by B. valaisiana (24%), B. afzelii (9%), B. turdi (5%) and B. lusitaniae (0.5%). A novel Borrelia genospecies “Candidatus Borrelia aligera” was also detected. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of B. garinii isolates together with the global collection of B. garinii genotypes obtained from the Borrelia MLST public database revealed that: (a) there was little overlap among genotypes from different continents, (b) there was no geographical structuring within Europe, and (c) there was no evident association pattern detectable among B. garinii genotypes from ticks feeding on birds, questing ticks or human isolates. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the population structure and evolutionary biology of tick‐borne pathogens are shaped by their host associations and the movement patterns of these hosts