The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post-Maastricht Era

The post-Maastricht period is marked by an integration paradox. While the basic constitutional features of the European Union have remained stable, EU activity has expanded to an unprecedented degree. This form of integration without supranationalism is no exception or temporary deviation from traditional forms of European integration. Rather, it is a distinct phase of European integration, what is called ‘the new intergovernmentalism’ in this article. This approach to post-Maastricht integration challenges theories that associate integration with transfers of competences from national capitals to supranational institutions and those that reduce integration to traditional socioeconomic or security-driven interests. This article explains the integration paradox in terms of transformations in Europe's political economy, changes in preference formation and the decline of the ‘permissive consensus’. It presents a set of six hypotheses that develop further the main claims of the new intergovernmentalism and that can be used as a basis for future research.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.1221

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMBINA NILAI KARAKTER ANAK DI KECAMATAN SIMPANG TIGA ACEH BESAR

ABSTRAKRahmayanti KS, Sri. 2016. Peran Orang Tua Dalam Membina Nilai Karakter Anak di Kecamatan Simpang Tiga Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Skripsi, Jurusan Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pembimbing:(1)Dr. Anizar Ahmad, M.Pd., (2). Dra. Fitriana, M.SI.Kata Kunci: Nilai Karakter Anak, Peran Orang TuaPeran orang tua adalah partisipasi atau kesadaran jiwa orang tua untuk memperdulikan anaknya, terutama dalam hal memberikan dan memenuhi kebutuhan hidup anaknya baik dari segi sosial maupun material. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui usaha orang tua dalam membina nilai karakter anak di Kecamatan Simpang Tiga Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui usaha yang dilakukan orang tua dalam membina nilai karakter anak dan (2) mengetahui sistem pengawasan yang diterapkan oleh orang tua terhadap anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari orang tua yang memiliki anak usia 4 sampai 10 tahun berjumlah 28 keluarga, pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Pengolahan data penelitian ini menggunakan rumus persentase. Simpulan penelitian ini berpengaruh pada usaha orang tua dalam membina nilai karakter anak, walau sebagian kecil yang mengetahui nilai-nilai karakter, tetapi sebagian besar sudah berusaha menanamkan nilai karakter tersebut. Lebih dari setengah responden menanamkan nilai religius kepada anak dengan tujuan agar anak mempunyai akhlak yang mulia kedepannya. Sedangkan yang berperan dalam membina nilai karakter anak adalah suami dan istri. Sistem pengawasan yang diterapkan orang tua berpengaruh terhadap pembentukkan nilai karakter anak. Seluruh anak termasuk kedalam katagori anak yang mudah bersahabat. Penanaman nilai karakter pada anak di mulai pada awal masa kanak-kanak ketika berumur 2-6 tahun. Responden juga menerapkan perilaku disiplin kepada anak karena usia awal kanak-kanak merupakan usia yang masih rentan, dan akan meniru semua yang dikerjakan oleh orang tuanya. Saran untuk orang tua agar dapat mendidik anaknya dengan baik, tidak mengedepankan emosi, dapat meluangkan waktu, adanya komunikasi yang dibina orang tua dengan anak, dan jangan bersikap apatis terhadap apa yang dikerjakan sianak

Improved functionalization of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can providemultiple benefits for biomedical applications in aqueous environments such asmagnetic separation or magnetic resonance imaging. To increase the colloidal stability and allow subsequent reactions, the introduction of hydrophilic functional groups onto the particles’ surface is essential. During this process, the original coating is exchanged by preferably covalently bonded ligands such as trialkoxysilanes. The duration of the silane exchange reaction, which commonly takes more than 24 h, is an important drawback for this approach. In this paper, we present a novel method, which introduces ultrasonication as an energy source to dramatically accelerate this process, resulting in high-quality waterdispersible nanoparticles around 10 nmin size. To prove the generic character, different functional groups were introduced on the surface including polyethylene glycol chains, carboxylic acid, amine, and thiol groups. Their colloidal stability in various aqueous buffer solutions as well as human plasma and serum was investigated to allow implementation in biomedical and sensing applications.status: publishe

The limits of differentiation: capitalist diversity and labour mobility as drivers of Brexit

Differentiation is an institutional response to internal heterogeneity within the European Union. Its success as a stabilization strategy for the EU reaches its limits when faced with the tensions between the EU’s common rules and the diversity of national capitalisms in Europe. The article focuses on one such tension, namely between the EU’s rules on freedom of movement and national labour market institutions, illustrating this tension by analyzing the case of the United Kingdom. The article argues that the socio-economic effect of migration were felt principally in the impact on skill formation and in the changing factor inputs of British businesses. It argues that these effects contributed to the vote for Brexit. The centrality of freedom of movement to our understandings of EU citizenship and to the integrated nature of the European common market makes it very unlikely that differentiation will be pursued as a response to the tensions arising from intra-EU labour mobility. This article argues that unless differentiation is considered in the area of the ‘four freedom’s, the tensions produced by the diversity of European capitalism may lead to more disintegration in the future.None

‘Techno-populism’ as a new party family: the case of the Five Star Movement and Podemos

Democratic politics in Southern Europe has been shaken by the emergence of two new political parties: the Five Star Movement (M5S) in Italy and Podemos in Spain. Both were initially dismissed as ‘protest’ movements, tied to the particularly adverse effects of the European economic crisis on the southern part of the continent (Corbetta and Vignati 2013; Anderson 2014; Rodon and Hierro 2016; Gomez-Reino and Llamazares 2015). Over time, it has become clear that these phenomena are not as transitory as was initially assumed (Hartleb 2015; Bordignon and Ceccarini 2015). Commentators have begun to recognize that both the M5S and Podemos point to broader ‘structural transformations’ taking place within the region’s political systems (Diamanti 2014; Hobolt and Tilly 2016; Tronconi 2015; Ramiro and Gomez 2017; Sola and Ruendeles 2017). Interest in them has since burgeoned, but direct comparisons remain few and far between; almost none are in English (Rodriguez Aguileira De Prat 2015; Atte 2016; Giglioli 2016; cf. Borriello and Mazzolini 2017; Vittori 2017)

Integration and disintegration: two-level games in the EU

The centrifugal tendencies of the EU make us aware that our theories of European integration were not formulated to explain disintegration. Furthermore, attempts to explain disintegration, notably the new intergovernmentalism, portray these tendencies as idiosyncratically European and dysfunctional. But we can observe disintegration and collective action failure elsewhere, and not all new institution-building is dysfunctional. This paper interprets recent EU institution-building and its limits in light of the concept of two-level games, both in its classic instrumental version of Putnam (1988) and in a more recent normative version developed by Bellamy and Weale (2015). Framing the new economic governance of the EU as the result of two-level games can help us see the specific collective action problems of an incomplete union and the general problems of international cooperation

Introduction

This introductory chapter aims at setting the background of the analyses presented in the chapters of this edited volume. It explains in which context brexit has intervened, and why it has been such an important issue for the british parliament, as well as for the european parliament and the parliaments of the other european union member states. Citizens’ participation is examined too. It also draws general conclusions as to the impact of brexit on parliamentary democracy, and parliaments’ participation in eu affairs