As dimensões da avaliação em cursos online: reflexões e importância

Courses developed via Internet, by their distinctive character and the challenges they face, should be monitored and evaluated in all their aspects in a systematic, continuous and comprehensive manner. A constant evaluation of these courses is useful and necessary for their improvement and continuity. This article analyzes the assessment of different dimensions in online courses, especially those implemented in higher education. The methodology chosen to develop this study is based on a systematic literature review, Scielo database, with the support of works done by scholars on the subject and the experiences of researchers in their daily work. The study points out that it is essential to realize that distance learning courses that develop exclusively online have a distinctive character, and the challenges they face should be monitored and evaluated in a refined, systematic, continuous and comprehensive way. A constant evaluation of these courses assists in the identification of deficiencies and possible actions for improvement. In this sense, the evaluation process here should include at least four dimensions: assessment of learning, assessment of learning materials, assessment of technological infrastructure, and institutional assessment.Os cursos desenvolvidos na modalidade a distância, via Internet, pelo seu caráter diferenciado e pelos desafios que enfrentam, devem ser acompanhados e avaliados em todos os seus aspectos, de forma sistemática, contínua e abrangente. Uma avaliação constante desses cursos se torna útil e necessária para o seu aprimoramento constante e sua continuidade. Este artigo apresenta como principal finalidade descrever e analisar as dimensões da avaliação em cursos online, especialmente, implementados no Ensino Superior. A metodologia escolhida para desenvolver este estudo se pautou em estudos de revisão bibliográfica sistemática, na base de dados Scielo, contou também com apoio de trabalhos realizados por estudiosos sobre o tema e as experiências vivenciadas no cotidiano de trabalho das pesquisadoras. Como principais resultados, o estudo aponta que é fundamental que se perceba que os cursos a distância que se desenvolvem de forma exclusivamente online, apresentam um caráter diferenciado e pelos desafios que enfrentam, devem ser acompanhados e avaliados em todos os seus aspectos, de forma sistemática, contínua e abrangente. Uma avaliação constante desses cursos auxilia em sua continuidade, pois dela emergem as deficiências e as possíveis ações no sentido de aprimoramento do processo. Nesse sentido, o processo de avaliação nesse contexto deve contemplar minimamente quatro dimensões: a avaliação da aprendizagem, a avaliação do material didático, a avaliação da infraestrutura tecnológica e a avaliação institucional.

Spectroscopic investigation of a new hybrid glass formed by the interaction between croconate ion and calcium polyphosphate

In this work, a new organic-inorganic hybrid material has been synthesized by the incorporation of croconate ion into a calcium polyphosphate coacervate. The hybrid so obtained was characterized by means of electronic and vibrational spectroscopies. The material is a homogeneous mixture described by a structural model, which includes helical chains of polyphosphate ions, where the calcium ion occupies the internal vacancies of the structure. The croconate ion appears to be occupying the regions outside the polymeric structure, surrounded by several water molecules. The electronic spectrum of the incorporated material shows a broad band peaking at the same wavelength region (363 nm) observed for the aqueous solution of croconate ion, and manifesting the Jahn-Teller effect as evidenced by the doublet structure of the band. The infrared spectrum is widely dominated by the absorption bands of the polyphosphate ion and the appearance of the carbonyl stretching band at ca. 1550 cm(-1) indicates the presence of croconate ion incorporated in the structure. The Raman spectrum of the material shows several vibrational bands related to the oxocarbon moiety; most of them are shifted in comparison with the free ion. These shifts can be understood in terms of strong hydrogen bonding interactions between water molecules and the oxocarbon moiety. The low temperature methodology proposed here can be well used in the preparation of new phosphate glasses containing organic moieties opening the route to an entirely new class of hybrid glasses. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved

RIED. Revista iberoamericana de educación a distancia

Los cursos desarrollados en la modalidad la distancia deben ser acompañados y evaluados de forma sistemática, continua y completa. Una evaluación constante de esos cursos se hace útil y necesaria para su evolución y su continuidad. Se presenta como principal finalidad describir y analizar las dimensiones de la evaluación en cursos online, especialmente, implementados en la Enseñanza Superior. La metodología escogida para desarrollar este estudio se basa en estudios de repaso bibliográfico sistemática, en la base de datos Scielo, con el apoyo de trabajos realizados por estudiosos sobre el tema y las experiencias vividas en el trabajo de las investigaciones. El estudio apunta que es fundamental que se perciba que los cursos la distancia que se desarrollan de forma exclusivamente online, presentan un carácter diferenciado y por los desafíos que enfrentan, deben ser acompañados y evaluados en todos sus aspectos. El proceso de evaluación en ese contexto debe contemplar cuatro dimensiones: la evaluación del aprendizaje, la evaluación del material didáctico, la evaluación de la infraestructura tecnológica y la evaluación institucionalES

Repeated-sprint ability determined in game in elite male Brazilian football players.

Purpose: To analyse if the ability of elite Brazilian football athletes to perform repeated sprints, evaluated in real game situations, correlates with their previously determined VO2max. Methods: We analysed data from 10 male elite Brazilian football athletes, who had their movements monitored in the field through GPS devices, during 17 matches of official championships. For analysis of athletes? movements in the field, we considered a block of repeated sprints (BRS), activities characterised by at least 3 sprints with velocity ?20 km/h separated by a maximum of 21 s between each sprint. Results: There was no correlation between the ability to perform BRS in real game situations and the previously determined VO2max of athletes (r = 0.5828; p = 0.0770). On the other side, there was a positive correlation between the performance of blocks of repeated sprints and the number of actions within the blocks (r = 0.6712; p = 0.0336), and a negative correlation between the performance of blocks of repeated sprints and the recovery time between one block and another (r = ?0.9191; p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Repeated-sprint ability determined in the game in elite male Brazilian football players is not correlated with VO2max

Genes Associated To Sucrose Content

Modern sugarcane cultivars are complex hybrids resulting from crosses among several species of the Saccharum genus. Traditional breeding methods have been extensively employed in different countries along the past decades to develop varieties with increased sucrose yield, and resistant to plagues and diseases. Conventional varietal improvement is, however, limited by the narrow pool of suitable markers. In this sense, molecular genetics is seen as a promising tool to assist in the process of molecular marker identification. The present invention concerns the identification of 348 genes associated with sucrose content in sugarcane plants. The genes were found to be differentially expressed when high sucrose and low sucrose plants and populations of plants were compared and/or when high and low sucrose internodes were compared. The expression data was obtained using cDNA microarray and quantitative PCR technologies. The genes identified can be used to identify, distinguish, characterize and/or develop plants with increased sucrose content. More preferably SEQ ID Nos: 1 to 203 should be useful as molecular markers SEQ ID Nos: 204 to 228 are given as controls or examples of genes never associated with sucrose content. SEQ ID Nos. 1-203 and SEQ ID Nos. 229 to 373 can be targeted in the development of transgenic or non-transgenic varieties with increased sucrose content.US2012079621 (A1)A01H5/00A01H1/06A01H5/10US201113070392A01H5/00A01H1/06A01H5/1