ENRICHING CLASSROOMS WITH TECHNOLOGY IN THE BASIC SCHOOLS

Teachers play a significant role in integrating technology in schools, and motivated teachers reflect higher levels of technology use in their classroom. Learning students, especially in basic schools, become a new direction of research. The problem is some education systems for improving teaching process less use technology in the classes. In this paper, we present role of technology in the classroom for a learning process. We proposed two classes one of them enriched with technology another one without technology, after teaching the same subject for both students we take a test. The result shows that Average of students GPA in classroom technology is 83.3%, but in the classroom without technology decrease to 60.4%, the result of shows the learning increased 22.9% by using technology. Besides all students enjoyed in classroom technology and most of them learned more material with technology. The result of our paper shows that the classroom technology is more efficient to learn basic school students.  Article visualizations

Ανοσολογική μνήμη και COVID-19

Από τον Δεκέμβριο του 2019, η ανθρωπότητα ζεί την εμφάνιση ενός ταχέως μεταδιδόμενου νέου κορωναϊού. Ο νέος ιός ονομάσθηκε SARS-CoV-2, και η λοίμωξη που προκαλεί και είναι γνωστή ως νόσος COVID-19 χαρακτηρίζεται από σημαντικές μεταβολές τόσο της έμφυτης όσο και της επίκτητης ανοσοαπόκρισης. Στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η μέτρηση του απόλυτου αριθμού των υποπληθυσμών των λεμφοκυττάρων σε ασθενείς που ανάρρωσαν από πνευμονία COVID-19. Επιπλέον, έγιναν συγκρίσεις σχετικά με την χρονική στιγμή έναρξης των συμπτωμάτων νόσου COVID-19 και της χρονικής στιγμής εμφάνισης σημειολογίας χρόνιου συνδρόμου COVID-19 (LCS). Η μελέτη διεξήχθη μεταξύ Απριλίου και Μαΐου 2021. Κατά τη διάρκεια αυτής της χρονικής περιόδου, ενεγράφησαν για συμμετοχή στη μελέτη 46 πρώην ασθενείς που ανάρρωσαν, και 25 υγιείς εθελοντές. Από τα αποτελέσματα, βρέθηκαν σημαντικές αυξήσεις των απόλυτων μετρήσεων των κυττάρων ΝΚΤ, της έκφρασης του HLΑ-DR σε κυκλοφορούντα CD14-μονοκύτταρα, και των τίτλων αντισωμάτων IgG αντι-νουκλεοκαψιδίου στους υποπληθυσμούς λεμφοκυττάρων μεταξύ των ασθενών που ανέρρωσαν από COVID-19 και των υγιών εθελοντών. Επίσης μικρότεροι αριθμοί φυσικών φονικών κυττάρων (CD45 + CD3-CD16 + CD56 +) μεταξύ ασθενών χωρίς συμπτώματα χρόνιου COVID-19 και εκείνων με συμπτώματα χρόνιου COVID. Περισσότερες μελέτες απαιτούνται για την διερεύνηση των ανοσολογικών μεταβολών στους ασθενείς που αναρρώνουν από τη νόσο COVID-19.Infection caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 (known as disease COVID-19) is characterized by major alterations of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. The current study aimed to the measurements of absolute lymphocyte sub-populations of patients convalescent from COVID-19 pneumonia. Inclusion criteria were: a) adults (age 18 years or more) of either gender; and b) past infection of the lower respiratory tract by COVID-19 the last six months as this was defined by the attending physicians. Exclusion criteria were: infection by the human immunodeficiency virus; neutropenia, blood collected from 46 convalescent patients (30 men and 16 women) and from 25 comparators (16 men and 9 women) and was immediately processed for flow cytometry. Comparisons between convalescent patients and healthy controls were done by the Mann Whitney U test. The main difference in the lymphocyte subpopulations between patients convalescent from COVID-19 and healthy volunteers was the significant increases of the absolute counts of NKT-cells, of the expression of HLA-DR on circulating CD14-monocytes; and of the antibody IgG titers of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. In conclusion, the present study showed that during the first six months of convalescence from COVID-19 patients present with significant modulation of several features of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. More research is needed on the immune alterations of convalescent patients

PECSOnline: A bespoke classroom based picture exchange communication system (PECS) for children with autism

We present PECSOnline, a Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) tailored to meet the specific needs of classroom environments rather than an individual. To ensure the tool would meet the practical requirements of the classroom, we employed a participatory design approach, which involved input from educators of children with autism. Our focus was on developing an application that would be personalised and cater to multiple users, a feature that has not yet been tested in a classroom setting. We conducted a pilot test of our application, and the response from teachers of children with autism was overwhelmingly positive

Preparation of TiO2/WO3/C/N Composite Nanofibers by Electrospinning Using Precursors Soluble in Water and Their Photocatalytic Activity in Visible Light

Extending the absorption range of TiO2 nanofibers to visible light is a great improvement of the photocatalytic property of TiO2. In this study, TiO2/WO3/C/N nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using precursors soluble in water then annealing in argon. Titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato)dihydroxide (TiBALDH) and ammonium metatungstate (AMT) were used as the precursor for TiO2 and WO3 respectively. Different volume ratios of the precursors were added to a solution of PVP before electrospinning. The fibers were studied by XPS, SEM-EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV–VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by the fibers in visible light was investigated. The fibers had anatase TiO2 and monoclinic WO3. Based on UV–VIS DRS and Kubelka-Munk function the fibers could absorb visible light. Moreover, 100% TiBALDH had an indirect band gap of 2.9 eV, and the band gap decreased with increase in AMT, i.e., for 0% TiBALDH, band gap was 2.4 eV. The fibers degraded methylene blue dye in visible light, and 90% TiBALDH had the highest photocatalytic activity, i.e., it degraded 40% of the dye after 240 min

On handling urban informality in southern Africa

In this article I reconsider the handling of urban informality by urban planning and management systems in southern Africa. I argue that authorities have a fetish about formality and that this is fuelled by an obsession with urban modernity. I stress that the desired city, largely inspired by Western notions of modernity, has not been and cannot be realized. Using illustrative cases of top–down interventions, I highlight and interrogate three strategies that authorities have deployed to handle informality in an effort to create or defend the modern city. I suggest that the fetish is built upon a desire for an urban modernity based on a concept of formal order that the authorities believe cannot coexist with the “disorder” and spatial “unruliness” of informality. I question the authorities' conviction that informality is an abomination that needs to be “converted”, dislocated or annihilated. I conclude that the very configuration of urban governance and socio-economic systems in the region, like the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, renders informality inevitable and its eradication impossible

A classroom filled with languages : A qualitative study on how teachers work language development in a multilingual classroom.

Flera skolor i Sverige har en majoritet av flerspråkiga elever därav är elever med svenska som förstaspråk en minoritet. Det är angeläget för lärarna att arbeta grundligt med ordförståelsen för att eleverna ska klara av sina uppgifter i svenskämnet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka pedagogiska verktyg svensklärare beskriver att de använder för att nå ut till alla elever. Det sociokulturella perspektivet har varit studiens utgångspunkt. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer besvaras följande frågeställningar: •Vilka strategier beskriver svensklärare att de har för att nå ut till flerspråkiga elever som inte har ett klassrumsspråk? •Hur beskriver svensklärare att de arbetar med högläsning utifrån ett språkutvecklande perspektiv?Lärarna arbetar språkutvecklande genom olika strategier i klassrummet, bland annat transspråkande, högläsning, inläsningstjänster, visuella stödmaterial och studiehandledare m.m.  Resultatet av intervjuerna belyser att lärarna använder olika verktyg i undervisningen för elevernas språkutveckling. Gemensamt för lärarna är att de skapar stödmaterial på elevernas förstaspråk, som inte är svenska, för att eleverna skall kunna utföra uppgifter i undervisningen. Exempelvis finns läroböckerna på olika språk. Istället för att se flerspråkighet som ett hinder, används det som ett verktyg för språkinlärning. Under högläsningstillfällen får eleverna möjlighet till att utveckla sitt ordförråd. Lärarna i studien är eniga om att förförståelsen är en viktig del av högläsningen.Several schools in Sweden have a majority of multilingual students, of which students with Swedish as their first language are a minority. It is important for teachers to work thoroughly with the understanding of the word in order for the students to complete their tasks in the Swedish subject. The purpose of the study is to investigate what pedagogical tools Swedish teachers describe that they use to reach all students. The sociocultural perspective has been the basis for the study. Trough semi-structured interviews, the following questions are answered: •What strategies do Swedish teachers describe their way to reach out to multilingual students who do not have a classroom language? •How do Swedish teachers describe working with reading from a language development perspective? The teachers develop the pupil’s language through translanguaging, reading aloud, reading services, visual support materials and study supervisors etc. The results of the interviews highlight that teachers use different tools in teaching for students' language development. Common to the teachers is that they create support material in the students' first language, which is not Swedish, so that the students can perform tasks in the teaching. For example, the textbooks are available in different languages. Instead of seeing multilingualism as an obstacle, it is used as a tool for language learning. During reading sessions, students have the opportunity to develop their vocabulary.The teachers in the study agree that preunderstanding is an important part of the reading