79 research outputs found

    La verdad de los verdugos : las comparecencias de agentes de la represión ante la "Comissão Nacional da Verdade" en Brasil

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    Este artículo analiza las comparecencias públicas y privadas de militares convocados para presentar su versión de las graves violaciones de los derechos humanos ante la Comisión Nacional da Verdad (CNV) de Brasil. Nos enfocaremos en tres aspectos. En primer lugar, veremos si estas entrevistas reflejan una visión política común entre los ex represores y cuáles son las estrategias retoricas y memoriales utilizadas por ellos. A continuación, trataremos de entender qué lugar ocupan estos testimonios en las investigaciones y la comunicación pública de la CNV, quien duda entre la búsqueda de información inédita y la denuncia pública. Por último, examinaremos los usos que los actores hacen de la palabra "verdad". ¿En qué medida los militares contribuyeron à la búsqueda de la verdad por parte de la CNV y hasta que punto tuvieran la oportunidad de expresar su verdad?Aquest article analitza les compareixences públiques i privades de militars convocats per presentar la seva versió de les greus violacions dels drets humans davant la Comissió Nacional de la Veritat (CNV) de Brasil. Ens centrarem en tres aspectes. En primer lloc, veurem si aquestes entrevistes reflecteixen una visió política comuna entre els ex repressors i quines són les estratègies retoricas i memorials utilitzades per ells. A continuació, tractarem d'entendre quin lloc ocupen aquests testimoniatges en les recerques i la comunicació pública de la CNV, que oscil·là entre la cerca d'informació inèdita i la denúncia pública. Finalment, examinarem els usos que els actors fan de la paraula "veritat". En quina mesura els militars van contribuir a la cerca de la veritat per part de la CNV i fins a quin punt tingueren l'oportunitat d'expressar la seva veritat?This article analyzes the public and private hearings of the military agents summoned to present their version of the grave violations of human rights to the Brazilian National Truth Commission (CNV). We will focus on three aspects. First, we analyze whether these interviews reflect a common political vision among former repressors and what rhetorical and memorial strategies they used. Then we will seek to understand the role of these witnesses in the investigations and public communication of the CNV, which is caught between finding new information and public exposure of the agents. Finally, we will examine the uses that actors made of the word "truth"; to what extent the military contributed to the search for truth by the CNV and the degree to which they had the opportunity to express their truth

    La veritat dels perpetradors. Les comparecències d'agents de la repressió davant la "Comissão Nacional da Verdade" al Brasil

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    Este artículo analiza las comparecencias públicas y privadas de militares convocados para presentar su versión de las graves violaciones de los derechos humanos ante la Comisión Nacional da Verdad (CNV) de Brasil. Nos enfocaremos en tres aspectos. En primer lugar, veremos si estas entrevistas reflejan una visión política común entre los ex represores y cuáles son las estrategias retoricas y memoriales utilizadas por ellos. A continuación, trataremos de entender qué lugar ocupan estos testimonios en las investigaciones y la comunicación pública de la CNV, quien duda entre la búsqueda de información inédita y la denuncia pública. Por último, examinaremos los usos que los actores hacen de la palabra "verdad". ¿En qué medida los militares contribuyeron à la búsqueda de la verdad por parte de la CNV y hasta que punto tuvieran la oportunidad de expresar su verdad?This article analyzes the public and private hearings of the military agents summoned to present their version of the grave violations of human rights to the Brazilian National Truth Commission (CNV). We will focus on three aspects. First, we analyze whether these interviews reflect a common political vision among former repressors and what rhetorical and memorial strategies they used. Then we will seek to understand the role of these witnesses in the investigations and public communication of the CNV, which is caught between finding new information and public exposure of the agents. Finally, we will examine the uses that actors made of the word "truth"; to what extent the military contributed to the search for truth by the CNV and the degree to which they had the opportunity to express their truth?Aquest article analitza les compareixences públiques i privades de militars convocats per presentar la seva versió de les greus violacions dels drets humans davant la Comissió Nacional de la Veritat (CNV) de Brasil. Ens centrarem en tres aspectes. En primer lloc, veurem si aquestes entrevistes reflecteixen una visió política comuna entre els ex repressors i quines són les estratègies retoricas i memorials utilitzades per ells. A continuació, tractarem d'entendre quin lloc ocupen aquests testimoniatges en les recerques i la comunicació pública de la CNV, que oscil·là entre la cerca d'informació inèdita i la denúncia pública. Finalment, examinarem els usos que els actors fan de la paraula "veritat". En quina mesura els militars van contribuir a la cerca de la veritat per part de la CNV i fins a quin punt tingueren l'oportunitat d'expressar la seva veritat

    Honoring repression: the award of the Peacemaker’s Medal to state agents involved in security (1964-1985)

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    The article analyzes the awarding of the Peacemaker’s Medal to state officials involved in political repression in Brazil during the military dictatorship. The study aims to understand the characteristics of the medal and the criteria for awarding it, the justifications, the number of members of the intelligence community who were decorated and the time point when the medal was awarded during the period. For this purpose, the list of recipients was cross-referenced with the records produced by ex-political prisoners and human rights groups who denounced state agents for acts of torture. The article’s conclusion is that the number of medals awarded to agents of repression is only a small percentage of the total. However, it is considerably higher in the case of the more prestigious category, “with Distinction”. In addition, it shows that those state agents were decorated because of their involvement in political persecution, in spite of having violated human rights.Keywords: military dictatorship, political repression, Peacemaker’s Medal

    Honoring repression: the award of the Peacemaker’s Medal to state agents involved in security (1964-1985)

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    The article analyzes the awarding of the Peacemaker’s Medal to state officials involved in political repression in Brazil during the military dictatorship. The study aims to understand the characteristics of the medal and the criteria for awarding it, the justifications, the number of members of the intelligence community who were decorated and the time point when the medal was awarded during the period. For this purpose, the list of recipients was cross-referenced with the records produced by ex-political prisoners and human rights groups who denounced state agents for acts of torture. The article’s conclusion is that the number of medals awarded to agents of repression is only a small percentage of the total. However, it is considerably higher in the case of the more prestigious category, “with Distinction”. In addition, it shows that those state agents were decorated because of their involvement in political persecution, in spite of having violated human rights.Keywords: military dictatorship, political repression, Peacemaker’s Medal

    Declaraciones de un perpetrador: Centros clandestinos, desapariciones e infiltrados

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    En 2014 el agente represivo de la dictadura militar brasileña Paulo Malhães prestó declaraciones a las comisiones de verdad nacional y del estado de Río de Janeiro. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que se movió entre la voluntad de exponer sus hechos en el campo de la inteligencia y el temor de romper el pacto de silencio y traicionar a sus colegas, problematizamos el valor de su palabra, describimos su derrotero profesional y analizamos sus declaraciones. Ponemos particular atención en el tema de los centros clandestinos de tortura y muerte y sus «productos»: la conversión de militantes políticos en infiltrados y la desaparición de aquellos a los que se quería aniquilar. Concluimos que a pesar los intentos de manipulación, su habla tiene un valor sustancial tanto por las informaciones que aporta para el conocimiento de la represión política como por su valor simbólico en términos de admitir públicamente torturas, asesinatos y desapariciones

    A repressão condecorada: a atribuição da Medalha do Pacificador a agentes do aparato de segurança (1964-1985)

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    The article analyzes the awarding of the Peacemaker Medal to state officers involved in the political repression in Brazil during the military dictatorship. The research aims to understand the significance and the criteria for the awarding of the medal, the justifications, the proportion of members of the intelligence community who were decorated and the moments of the awarding of the medal during the period. With this aim in mind, the list of recipients was cross-referenced with the records produced by ex-political prisoners and human rights groups who denounced state agents for acts of torture. The article’s conclusion is that the number of medals awarded to agents of repression represents a small percentage of the total. However, it is considerably higher in the case of the more prestigious category, “with Distinction”. In addition, it shows that those state agents were decorated because of their involvement in political persecution, in spite of having violated human rights.Keywords: military dictatorship, political repression, Peacemaker Medal.A atribuição de Medalhas do Pacificador ao longo da ditadura militar brasileira a agentes do Estado envolvidos na repressão política é o objeto desse artigo. A investigação tem por objetivo compreender o perfil dessa medalha, os critérios de concessão da honraria, as justificativas, a proporção dos membros da comunidade de informações entre os agraciados e em que momentos isso foi feito. Para tanto, a lista dos condecorados foi cruzada com levantamentos efetuados por ex-presos políticos e grupos de defesa dos direitos humanos de agentes do Estado denunciados por terem praticado atos de tortura. Conclui-se que o número de agentes repressivos condecorados com a Medalha do Pacificador é reduzido no universo dos agraciados, mas expressivo quando se considera sua modalidade mais prestigiosa, “com Palma”. Além disso, comprova-se que os encarregados da perseguição política no período, responsáveis por inúmeros casos de violação dos direitos humanos, não foram condecorados a despeito do que fizeram, mas porque o fizeram.Palavras-chave: ditadura militar, repressão política, Medalha do Pacificador

    Conclusion

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    Le régime militaire brésilien, comme les dictatures conservatrices et répressives de ses voisins hispano-américains et à la différence de mouvements et pouvoirs militaires aux idéologies proches, comme la Grèce des colonels, ou éloignées, tels Cuba des insurgés barbudos ou le Portugal de la révolution des Œillets, s’est construit autour du principe hiérarchique. Les hommes qui en deviennent progressivement les principaux acteurs et soutiens, des officiers des trois forces, transposent à l’ap..

    Lutter contre l’ennemi interne : la longue histoire d’une obsession de la droite brésilienne

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    International audienceCet article prétend explorer la généalogie, dans l’histoire brésilienne, d’une figure politique au fondement du régime autoritaire et répressif de 1964 : celle de l’ennemi interne. En effet, l’anticommunisme paranoïaque de la dictature, formalisé par les doctrines militaires de la Sécurité Nationale et de la Guerre révolutionnaire, n’est que l’une des formes de cet imaginaire politique, enraciné de longue date dans la pensée conservatrice brésilienne. Selon cette représentation, la nation brésilienne est structurellement menacée de l’intérieur : menacée de sécessions territoriales, de divisionnisme politique (les factions et partis, auxquels s’oppose l’idéal d’unanimisme), de fragmentation ethnique (hantise de « l’africanisation » du Brésil à la fin du XIXe siècle, politiques indigénistes assimilationnistes). Dans les années 1930, alors que les masses populaires urbaines sont progressivement intégrées à la politique, cette logique d’inclusion/exclusion se cristallise sur le communisme. L’imaginaire de l’ennemi interne, source d’une profonde tradition de répression politique et d’une réticence durable à l’égard du pluralisme démocratique, est un élément fondamental du conservatisme brésilien.Esse artigo pretende explorar a genealogia, na história brasileira, de uma figura politica central no regime autoritário e repressivo de 1964: a do inimigo interno. De fato, o anticomunismo paranoico da ditadura, formalizado pelas doutrinas militares de Segurança Nacional e da Guerra revolucionária, só constitui uma das formas deste imaginário politico, enraizado de longa data no pensamento conservador brasileiro. Segundo essa representação, a nação brasileira é estruturalmente ameaçada por dentro: por secessões territoriais, divisionismo politico (por fações e partidos, que contrariam o ideal de unanimismo), fragmentação étnica (medo da “africanização” do Brasil no final do século XIX, políticas indigenistas de assimilação). Nos anos 1930, quando as massas populares urbanas ficam aos poucos integradas na politica, essa lógica de inclusão/ exclusão se cristaliza no comunismo. O imaginário do inimigo interno, fonte de uma forte tradição de repressão politica e de uma reticência duradora em relação ao pluralismo democrático, é, portanto, um elemento fundamental do conservadorismo brasileiro

    Politics in Uniform: Military Officers and Dictatorship in Brazil, 1960-80

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    International audienceBetween 1964 and 1985, Brazil lived under the control of a repressive, anticommunist regime, where generals maintained all power. Despite these circumstances, dozens of young captains, majors, and colonels believed that they too deserved to participate in the exercise of power. For two decades they carried on a clandestine political life that strongly influenced the regime's evolution. This book tells their story
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