Alterações sialoquímicas e sialométricas de pacientes com paralisia cerebral: uma revisão de literatura

TEMA: paralisia cerebral e alterações salivares. O paciente com paralisia cerebral é acometido por diversas desordens no Sistema Estomatognático, sendo muitas delas expressas sob a forma de alterações no fluxo e composição salivar. A variação da concentração de constituintes da saliva está diretamente relacionada com sua capacidade tampão, antioxidante, imunológica, digestiva e lubrificante, além de sofrer variações em função da velocidade do fluxo salivar, o qual está intimamente relacionado à eficiência dos estímulos mecânicos e neurais do trato salivar. Alterações na deglutição, da percepção gustativa, do processo de mineralização dos dentes e da propriedade protetora da saliva contra lesões cariosas, infecções e inflamações, freqüentemente observadas em pacientes com paralisia cerebral, podem ser avaliadas pelo exame da saliva. OBJETIVO: realizar uma revisão de literatura relacionando as principais alterações sialométrica e sialoquímica de pacientes com paralisia cerebral e seus efeitos na saúde bucal. CONCLUSÃO: a análise sialométrica e sialoquímica oferece informações extremamente úteis no diagnóstico e no direcionamento do tratamento desses pacientes, e pode ser considerada uma indicadora prática e objetiva dos processos de doença e disfunções.BACKGROUND: cerebral palsy and salivary alterations. Patients with cerebral palsy frequently suffer from several disorders in the Stomatognathic System, many of them being expressed as alterations in the salivary flow and composition. Variations in the concentration of salivary components are directly related to their buffering, antioxidant, immunological, digestive and lubricant capacity, and vary according to the velocity of salivary flow, which is deeply related to the efficiency mechanical and neural stimuli on salivary tracts. Alterations in the swallowing function, gustative perception, mineralization of teeth process, as well as salivary protection function against caries lesions, infection and inflammation, which are frequently found in patients with cerebral palsy, can be analyzed through salivary exams. PURPOSE: this study aimed to perform a literature review related to the main sialometric and sialochemical alterations observed in patients with cerebral palsy and their effects on oral health. CONCLUSION: sialometric and sialochemical analyses are an objective and practical indicator of disease and dysfunction process and offer extremely useful information on the diagnosis and treatment referral for these patients.UNESP Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos CamposUNESP Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico BucalUNESP Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos CamposUNESP Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Buca

Morphometry of testis and seminiferous tubules of the adult crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous, Linnaeus, 1766)

Body and testicular biometric parameters are very important for establishing reproductive patterns and, consequently, the development of protocols for assisted reproduction in different species. A direct correlation between the testis weight and the sperm population was observed in other studied species, because the testis size primarily reflects the total volume of the seminiferous tubule, its main component. The objective of this study was to determine the testicular volume parameters and correlate data from morphometry of testis and seminiferous tubules with body mass in six adult crab-eating foxes. The mean body weight of the crab-eating foxes in this study was 6.53 kg, with approximately 0.068% allocated to the testicular mass and 0.042% specifically to seminiferous tubules, which represented 87.5% of the testicular parenchyma. The albuginea comprised 12.5% of the testicular mass. The mean diameter of seminiferous tubules was 236 µm, and the mean thickness of the seminiferous epithelium was 62.9 µm. Values of tubular parameters indicate a sperm productivity close to those observed in previously studied carnivores