Low-dimensional chaos in populations of strongly-coupled noisy maps

We characterize the macroscopic attractor of infinite populations of noisy maps subjected to global and strong coupling by using an expansion in order parameters. We show that for any noise amplitude there exists a large region of strong coupling where the macroscopic dynamics exhibits low-dimensional chaos embedded in a hierarchically-organized, folded, infinite-dimensional set. Both this structure and the dynamics occuring on it are well-captured by our expansion. In particular, even low-degree approximations allow to calculate efficiently the first macroscopic Lyapunov exponents of the full system.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Progress of Theoretical Physics, to appea

A system of abstract measure delay differential equations

In this paper existence and uniqueness results for an abstract measure delay differential equation are proved, by using Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative, under Carathéodory conditions

Effect of Inorganic, Organic Nutrient Sources and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth Attributes, Biomass at Flowering and Nodule Weight of Phaseolus vulgaris (Rajma)

It is essential to adopt new techniques and management practices as integrated nutrient management. The combined use of organic, inorganic manures and bio-fertilizer not only increases the crop yield but also improves the physical, Chemical and biological properties of soil. As enhance these properties, we can enhance the growth rate at flowering and nodule weight of plant, Phaseolus vulgaris. It did positive impact on quality and yield of Rajama. To study this, nine treatments, three replications, RBD design and Dibbling sowing method was adopted. The growth and yield attributes i.e. height, number of branches plant-1, Number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1 were recorded highest when only inorganic fertilizers @ 150% RDF was applied and these plant characters were recorded lowest when only vermicompost was applied.  Biomass production at flowering, grain and straw yield were highest due to application of 150% RDF of NPK through inorganic fertilizers.  The lowest biomass production at flowering was recorded where 2.5 t vermicompost at sowing and 50 % N through urea at flowering were applied. The lowest grain yield and straw yield was recorded when only vermicompost @ 5 tonnes ha-1 was applied.  Fresh weights of nodules were negligible

Elastic instabilities in polymer tube of resonant sound absorbers under hydrostatic pressure

The solution of the problem of hydrostatic compression of an elastomeric tube is based on the nonlinear theory of elasticity for incompressible materials employing the method of Ritz variations and the ANSYS finite-element solutions. The main purpose of the investigations is to obtain the loading diagrams in the total range of elastomeric tube thicknesses, without any kinematical and physical restrictions on the behavior of elastomer, e.g., neglecting the Kirchhoff and Timoshenko hypotheses or Hooke's la

Long-lived Giant Number Fluctuations in a Swarming Granular Nematic

Coherently moving flocks of birds, beasts or bacteria are examples of living matter with spontaneous orientational order. How do these systems differ from thermal equilibrium systems with such liquid-crystalline order? Working with a fluidized monolayer of macroscopic rods in the nematic liquid crystalline phase, we find giant number fluctuations consistent with a standard deviation growing linearly with the mean, in contrast to any situation where the Central Limit Theorem applies. These fluctuations are long-lived, decaying only as a logarithmic function of time. This shows that flocking, coherent motion and large-scale inhomogeneity can appear in a system in which particles do not communicate except by contact.Comment: This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS. The definitive version is to appear in SCIENC

Self-organized and driven phase synchronization in coupled maps

We study the phase synchronization and cluster formation in coupled maps on different networks. We identify two different mechanisms of cluster formation; (a) {\it Self-organized} phase synchronization which leads to clusters with dominant intra-cluster couplings and (b) {\it driven} phase synchronization which leads to clusters with dominant inter-cluster couplings. In the novel driven synchronization the nodes of one cluster are driven by those of the others. We also discuss the dynamical origin of these two mechanisms for small networks with two and three nodes.Comment: 4 pages including 2 figure

Variations in mass of the PM 10,PM 2.5 and PM 1 during the monsoon and the winter at New Delhi

PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 mass concentrations have been measured at Delhi (28°35'N; 77°12'E) during the August to December 2007. The running mean of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 data shows large variations. The PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were ranged from 20 to 180 μg/m3 during the monsoon and from 100 to 500 μg/m3 during the winter (up to 1200 μg/m3 in November due to Deepavali fireworks). For the same running mean cycles, higher mass concentrations in the PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were corresponded with peaks in the relative humidity and lower levels linked to peaks in the ambient temperature. The evolutions of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations after the elapsed times are simulated with mean mass scavenging coefficients. These evolution patterns clearly show the difference in washout of PM10 with impaction scavenging relative to those for PM2.5 and PM1 particles over different rainfall durations. Air-mass pathways traced with HYSPLIT model over the study area illustrates the nature of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 levels with monsoon and winter air-mass circulations over Delhi

Assessments of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Delhi at different mean cycles

ABSTRACT Daily, monthly, seasonal and annual moving means of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from August, 2007 to October, 2008 at Delhi (28� 35' N; 77� 12' E), the seventh populous megacity in the world are presented. PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations varied seasonally with atmospheric processes and the anthropogenic activities. PM10 decreases during monsoon by ~25-80 �g m-3 and PM1 and PM2.5 by ~10-15 �g m-3 from their pre-monsoon levels. Emissions from fireworks during Deepawali in the post-monsoon season increases PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 levels by 300, 350 and 400 �g m-3, respectively over their monsoon levels. Seasonal variation of mixing heights, temperatures, winds and rainfall, accounts for the inter-annual variability of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10. Accordingly, wintertime PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 components contribute by ~30-33% to annual levels. PM10 in summer is higher by 8% to that of PM2.5 and by 9% to that of PM1. PM10 components in post-monsoon are lower by 5% to that of PM2.5 and by 7% to that of PM1. Also, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 levels were higher during October, 2008 than those in 2007, but their levels were almost remain the same in August and September of 2007 and 2008. Moving means of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 and their concentrations in different seasons are useful in policy making decisions thereupon aiming to improve the air quality in Delhi

Chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in Delhi, India, part II: Source apportionment studies using PMF 3.0

World Bank reports Delhi as a second most polluted megacity in the world for particulates pollution. In Delhi, PM10 (d ≤ 10 μm) aerosol samples were monitored throughout 2008 and their characterization for major chemical elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cd, Sn and Sb) and ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) have been documented in an earlier study. To resolve complexity in source apportionment for chemical constituents in PM10, UNMIX 6.0 and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF 3.0) models are applied. Four factors were derived to explain routine sources of PM10 (crustal origin, road-traffic and secondary aerosols). Factor-1, designated as road-traffic source, has been determined by temporal correlation among Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and V with strong correlation between Pb and Zn. This source factor-1 has shown more than 60% contribution to receptor site. Factor-2, referred as crustal origin due to strong inter-relationship among Si, Fe, Al, Ca and Mg, has also shown to be significant contribution to similar species in receptor matrix. Factor-3 ( NH4+, NO3-) has been differentiated due to contribution of secondary aerosols in the receptor region. This factor-3 has indicated major fraction of these ionic species for their uniform percentage variability, where mean values have been projected close to 75th percentile. Surprisingly, source factor-4 has explained the specific chloride source in the region with major contribution of 86%. For policymakers, results presented would serve as benchmark of source apportionments in Delhi

“Design, Synthesis, And Characterization Of Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives And Their Biological Evaluation”

Because of their various biological functions and possible therapeutic uses, benzimidazole derivatives have drawn a lot of interest in medicinal chemistry. Our goal was to create, manufacture, and assess a number of new benzimidazole derivatives with improved pharmacological properties in this work. In order to maximize target interactions with particular biological targets, the benzimidazole scaffold was logically modified during the design process. A multistep synthetic process was used to create the novel derivatives, allowing for the integration of various functional groups. The effective synthesis of the intended chemicals was confirmed by characterizing techniques such nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. The produced compounds were then evaluated using an in vitro techniques. Human cell lines were used in preliminary cytotoxicity tests to get knowledge about the derivatives' possible safety characteristics. This study's findings identified a number of benzimidazole compounds with significant biological properties and possible medicinal uses. In conclusion, a number of substances with remarkable therapeutic potential have been produced as a result of the design, synthesis, and assessment of novel benzimidazole derivatives