Cross-Comparison of Climate Change adaptation Strategies Across Large River Basins in Europe, Africa and Asia

A cross-comparison of climate change adaptation strategies across regions was performed, considering six large river basins as case study areas. Three of the basins, namely the Elbe, Guadiana, and Rhine, are located in Europe, the Nile Equatorial Lakes region and the Orange basin are in Africa, and the Amudarya basin is in Central Asia. The evaluation was based mainly on the opinions of policy makers and water management experts in the river basins. The adaptation strategies were evaluated considering the following issues: expected climate change, expected climate change impacts, drivers for development of adaptation strategy, barriers for adaptation, state of the implementation of a range of water management measures, and status of adaptation strategy implementation. The analysis of responses and cross-comparison were performed with rating the responses where possible. According to the expert opinions, there is an understanding in all six regions that climate change is happening. Different climate change impacts are expected in the basins, whereas decreasing annual water availability, and increasing frequency and intensity of droughts (and to a lesser extent floods) are expected in all of them. According to the responses, the two most important drivers for development of adaptation strategy are: climate-related disasters, and national and international policies. The following most important barriers for adaptation to climate change were identified by responders: spatial and temporal uncertainties in climate projections, lack of adequate financial resources, and lack of horizontal cooperation. The evaluated water resources management measures are on a relatively high level in the Elbe and Rhine basins, followed by the Orange and Guadiana. It is lower in the Amudarya basin, and the lowest in the NEL region, where many measures are only at the planning stage. Regarding the level of adaptation strategy implementation, it can be concluded that the adaptation to climate change has started in all basins, but progresses rather slowl

Families of Canonical Transformations by Hamilton-Jacobi-Poincar\'e equation. Application to Rotational and Orbital Motion

The Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the sense of Poincar\'e, i.e. formulated in the extended phase space and including regularization, is revisited building canonical transformations with the purpose of Hamiltonian reduction. We illustrate our approach dealing with orbital and attitude dynamics. Based on the use of Whittaker and Andoyer symplectic charts, for which all but one coordinates are cyclic in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, we provide whole families of canonical transformations, among which one recognizes the familiar ones used in orbital and attitude dynamics. In addition, new canonical transformations are demonstrated.Comment: 21 page

Low-molecular-weight cyclin E: the missing link between biology and clinical outcome

Cyclin E, a key mediator of transition during the G(1)/S cellular division phase, is deregulated in a wide variety of human cancers. Our group recently reported that overexpression and generation of low-molecular-weight (LMW) isoforms of cyclin E were associated with poor clinical outcome among breast cancer patients. However, the link between LMW cyclin E biology in mediating a tumorigenic phenotype and clinical outcome is unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we assessed the role of LMW isoforms in breast cancer cells; we found that these forms of cyclin E induced genomic instability and resistance to p21, p27, and antiestrogens in breast cancer. These findings suggest that high levels of LMW isoforms of cyclin E not only can predict failure to endocrine therapy but also are true prognostic indicators because of their influence on cell proliferation and genetic instability

Plan de negocios para el dise?o e implementaci?n de un centro integral de desarrollo para el adulto mayor dirigido al nivel socioecon?mico A-B en la ciudad de Arequipa

Enmarcados en el contexto del crecimiento econ?mico del pa?s, incluyendo el departamento de Arequipa, y del incremento global de la poblaci?n adulta mayor y su proyecci?n. Lejos de representar una alternativa m?s de algunos centros de reposo o descanso para el adulto mayor, la opci?n dise?ada es la de apreciar y rescatar el valor que tiene en potencia el adulto mayor, para poder compartir el conocimiento y expertiz desarrollado en su vida profesional a manera de talleres y charlas a j?venes de manera gratuita. Teniendo en cuenta que los factores determinantes para hacer sostenible el negocio, son: (i) la buena reputaci?n, (ii) el servicio adecuado y (iii) la confianza que se genere en el p?blico objetivo. Se determina viable la implementaci?n de un centro de atenci?n integral de desarrollo para el adulto mayor, dirigido al nivel socio econ?mico AB, en la ciudad de Arequipa

The distinct category of healthcare associated bloodstream infections

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bloodstream infections (BSI) have been traditionally classified as either community acquired (CA) or hospital acquired (HA) in origin. However, a third category of healthcare-associated (HCA) community onset disease has been increasingly recognized. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast characteristics of HCA-BSI with CA-BSI and HA-BSI.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All first episodes of BSI occurring among adults admitted to hospitals in a large health region in Canada during 2000-2007 were identified from regional databases. Cases were classified using a series of validated algorithms into one of HA-BSI, HCA-BSI, or CA-BSI and compared on a number of epidemiologic, microbiologic, and outcome characteristics.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 7,712 patients were included; 2,132 (28%) had HA-BSI, 2,492 (32%) HCA-BSI, and 3,088 (40%) had CA-BSI. Patients with CA-BSI were significantly younger and less likely to have co-morbid medical illnesses than patients with HCA-BSI or HA-BSI (p < 0.001). The proportion of cases in males was higher for HA-BSI (60%; p < 0.001 vs. others) as compared to HCA-BSI or CA-BSI (52% and 54%; p = 0.13). The proportion of cases that had a poly-microbial etiology was significantly lower for CA-BSI (5.5%; p < 0.001) compared to both HA and HCA (8.6 vs. 8.3%). The median length of stay following BSI diagnosis 15 days for HA, 9 days for HCA, and 8 days for CA (p < 0.001). Overall the most common species causing bloodstream infection were <it>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus</it>, and <it>Streptococcus pneumoniae</it>. The distribution and relative rank of importance of these species varied according to classification of acquisition. Twenty eight day all cause case-fatality rates were 26%, 19%, and 10% for HA-BSI, HCA-BSI, and CA-BSI, respectively (p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Healthcare-associated community onset infections are distinctly different from CA and HA infections based on a number of epidemiologic, microbiologic, and outcome characteristics. This study adds further support for the classification of community onset BSI into separate CA and HCA categories.</p

VAG/AVO Revision – Evolution oder Revolution? - Tagungsband 2022

Reflektieren die am 18. März 2022 verabschiedete Vorlage zur Teilrevision des Versicherungsaufsichtsgesetzes (VAG) sowie der am 17. Mai 2022 publizierte Entwurf zur Teilrevision der Aufsichtsverordnung (AVO) eine graduelle Entwicklung oder einen tief(er)greifenden Umbruch? Eine Evolution oder eine Revolution? Lassen sich derartige Phänomene und Schattierungen dazwischen in der vorliegenden Revision des VAG und der AVO identifizieren? Antworten auf diese Fragestellungen zu finden, war Gegenstand einer Tagung des Europa Instituts an der Universität Zürich am 25. August 2022. Verschiedene Mitwirkende haben in Teilbereichen nach Antworten gesucht. Um die so gewonnenen Erkenntnisse einer weiteren Leserschaft zugänglich zu machen, liegen nun auf den Vorträgen beruhende Artikel und Berichte über die beiden Diskussionsrunden im vorliegenden Tagungsband vor

Estreptococos beta-hemolítico en tilapias del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivadas en Sullana, Piura - Perú

Objective. This investigation aimed to study the presence of Streptococcus spp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from fish farm located in Sullana-Piura, Peru. Materials and methods. 150 fish with clinical signs of streptococcal disease were sampled, and the bacterium isolation was performed on blood agar, correlated to histopathological lesions description and molecular confirmation by real-time PCR. Results. The necropsy revealed exophthalmia, hyphema, congestion and/or haemorrhagic meninges, ascites, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and diffuse haemorrhagic zones throughout the body. 102 isolated positives (54 tilapias) to Streptococcus spp. were identified in the microbiological analysis (prevalence of 26%), the brain was the organ with the highest percentage of this bacteria (34.31%), and 19 isolates were beta-haemolytic (18.63%) with prevalence of 10.12%. Fish beta-haemolytic streptococci presented epicarditis, perisplenitis and chronic meningitis, panophthalmitis, coagulative necrosis of skeletal muscle and granulomas formation. In the confirmatory test by real-time PCR, any positive tilapia to S. iniae was obtained. The results were analysed using a stochastic simulation of beta distribution using @Risk program uncertainty, reporting an average prevalence of 0.66% in sick tilapias. Conclusions. The analysed fishes were positive to bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, which confirms its presence in the fish farm. However, 19 isolates were beta-haemolytic, and the presence of S. iniae was not positive to the limit prevalence of 2.7% in real-time PCR.Objetivo. Esta investigación objetivó estudiar la presencia de Streptococcus spp. en tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) de la piscifactoría localizada en Sullana-Piura, Perú. Materiales y Métodos. 150 peces con signos clínicos de la enfermedad estreptocócica fueron analizados, el aislamiento bacteriano se realizó en agar sangre, en correlación con las lesiones histopatológicas y diagnóstico molecular mediante PCR en tiempo real. Resultados. A la necropsia se observó exoftalmia, hifema, congestión y/o meninges hemorrágicas, ascitis, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia y zonas hemorrágicas difusas en todo el cuerpo. 102 aislados positivos (54) tilapias para Streptococcus spp. fueron identificados en el análisis microbiológico (prevalencia del 26%), el cerebro fue el órgano con el más alto porcentaje del género de esta bacteria (34.31%), 19 aislados fueron beta-hemolítico (18.63%), con prevalencia de 10.12%. Peces con Streptococcus beta-hemolíticos presentaron epicarditis, perisplenitis y meningitis crónica, panoftalmitis, necrosis coagulativa del músculo esquelético y formación de granulomas. En el análisis de PCR en tiempo real, no se obtuvo ninguna tilapia positiva para S. iniae. Los resultados se analizaron mediante una simulación estocástica de la distribución beta usando el programa de incertidumbre @Risk, reportando una prevalencia media de 0.66% en tilapias enfermas. Conclusiones. Los peces analizados fueron positivos para bacterias del género Streptococcus, lo que confirma su presencia en la piscifactoría. Sin embargo, 19 aislados fueron beta-hemolíticos, y la presencia de S. iniae no fue positiva para la prevalencia límite de 2.7% en PCR en tiempo real